During a period of one year at Libreville (Gabon), we performed a rectal mucosal biopsy, searching Schistosoma Intercalatum eggs (this schistosoma sp. is known only in Central Africa) in a group of 48 children (1-16 y.) hospitalized for septicemic salmonellosis. S. intercalatum was found in 39/48 (81 %) of these patients and 21/55 (38% , p<0.001) of normal population, matched for age and town districts of habitation. In 19 cases over 48 a typhoidic salmonella was isolated (S.typhi 12 , para B 3, para C 4) and a non typhoidic salmonella in the remaining 29 (S.typhimurium 7 , enteritidis 5 ,etc...). There was no difference in the clinical expression of all cases: tuphos, myocarditis and leucopenia was also noted in non typhoidic salmonellosis associated with schistosomiasis. In 11 cases over 48 it was impossible to obtain fall of fever and disappearance of salmonella bacteriemy before antiparasitic treatment. These data show that Schistosoma intercalatum determine septicemic salmonellosis , probably by fixation of bacteria on worms surface , and needs specific treatment to obtain recovery of salmonellosis in case of associated infections.