Developed Scheme Research Articles

Gene mutation estimations via mutual information and Ewens sampling based CNN & machine learning algorithms

We conduct gene mutation rate estimations via developing mutual information and Ewens sampling based convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning algorithms. More precisely, we develop a systematic methodology through constructing a CNN. Meanwhile, we develop two machine learning algorithms to study protein production with target gene sequences and protein structures. The core of the CNN and machine learning approach is to address a two-stage optimization problem to balance gene mutation rates during protein production. To wit, we try to optimally coordinate the consistency between the given input DNA sequences and the given (or optimally computed) target ones through controlling their intermediate gene mutation rates. The purposes in doing so are aimed to conduct gene editing and protein structure prediction. For example, after the gene mutation rates are estimated, the computing complexity of protein structure prediction will be reduced to a reasonable degree. Our developed CNN numerical optimization scheme consists of two newly designed machine learning algorithms. The stochastic gradients for the two algorithms are designed according to the Kuhn-Tucker conditions with boundary constraints and with the support of Ewens sampling, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) mutual information, and codon optimization techniques. The associated learning rate bounds are explicitly derived from the method and the two algorithms are numerically implemented. The convergence and optimality of the algorithms are mathematically proved. To illustrate the usage of our study, we also conduct a real-world data implementation.

Математическое описание процесса автоклавной обработки изделий из ячеистого бетона как объекта с распределенными параметрами

A mathematical description of the autoclave treatment process for cellular concrete products has been developed as a non-stationary control object under conditions of parameter distribution in the form of a system of partial differential equations. The equations take into account heat and mass transfer both in the autoclave medium and in the cellular concrete masses, as well as the process of steam diffusion through the boundary layer and internal heat release during the synthesis of hydro-silicates in the structure of the autoclaved raw material in the form of tobermorite. The resulting system of equations is linked with boundary conditions according to the scheme proposed in the work. Based on the obtained system of partial differential equations, and considering the developed scheme of boundary conditions, a calculation scheme for the autoclave and its corresponding computational model in the SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation software environment have been created. Numerical experiments were conducted to assess the temperature dynamics at the center and surface of the masses, as well as in the autoclave medium. A comparison of the results of numerical modeling with known data from field experiments by determining the root mean square deviation of temperature values at the center and surface of cellular concrete masses confirmed the adequacy of the developed model under the accepted assumptions. The data obtained from numerical modeling can be used in the synthesis of automated control systems with the autoclave treatment process to determine the temperature gradient in the volume of autoclaved cellular concrete, which, in turn, will optimize production processes and improve the quality of the final product while minimizing energy consumption for its production.

Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in Migrant Laborer Settlements of Ernakulam District, Kerala, Southern India – A Mixed Method Study

Abstract Background: To assess the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in migrant laborer settlements and their utilization of Integrated Child Development Scheme services in Ernakulam district, Kerala. Material and Methods: A mixed method study includes a community-based cross-sectional survey among 165 migrant under-5 children selected through a multistage cluster sampling method and 16 In-Depth Interviews among various stakeholders. Results: Of the children studied, 46% were stunted, 26% were wasted, and 12% had severe wasting. About 72% were aware of the nearest Anganwadi, and 49% and 42% of the eligible children received nutritional supplementation and availed the growth monitoring facilities, respectively. Major barriers to utilizing Anganawadi services were language barrier, inconvenient hours of operation, a lack of nutritional supplementation based on their taste, fear of discrimination from the parents of native children, and frequent family displacements. Conclusions: Nutritional status of migrant under-5 children is a concern and requires urgent attention.

Evaluating the Performance of Karnataka Vikas Grameen Bank- A Study

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) play a crucial role in rural development, boosting agriculture, economic growth, and living standards. Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank (KVGB), with 629 branches serving over 84 lakh customers across 2,033 villages in North Karnataka, provides services like agricultural loans, entrepreneurship development, and deposit schemes to promote financial inclusion and rural livelihoods. This study evaluates KVGB's performance from 2010-11 to 2023-24, analyzing its contributions to agricultural growth, loan disbursement, and rural entrepreneurship. Despite its efforts, challenges like limited access, low awareness of schemes, and reduced branch networks persist, highlighting the need for improved accessibility and service delivery. Using secondary data from KVGB reports and publications, the study assesses its achievements and offers recommendations to enhance its role in rural and agricultural development. Keywords: Karnataka Vikas Grammen Bank, Agriculture, Loan, Rural, Entrepreneurship

Event-triggered adaptive compensation control for stochastic nonlinear systems with multiple failures: An improved switching threshold strategy.

This paper considers the event-triggered adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems suffering from finite number of actuator failures and abrupt system external failure. Unlike existing event-triggered mechanisms (ETMs), this paper proposes an improved switching threshold mechanism (STM) that effectively addresses the potential system security hazards caused by large signal impulses when both the magnitude size of the controller and its rate of change are too large, while also saving energy consumption. Especially, when the occurrence of both actuator failure and system external failure may lead to over-change rate of the controller, by using the multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN) approximation technique, the adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme designed based on the improved STM not only has lower resource consumption, but also indirectly improves the control performance of the system by ensuring the system security operation. Not only does it ensure that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability and the tracking error converges through the proposed control scheme. The feasibility and superiority of the developed scheme is well shown by dynamic model simulations.

Lagrange‐dual‐based fully distributed economic dispatch in smart grids with transmission line losses

AbstractEconomic dispatch constitutes an important element within the hierarchical control framework of smart grids. Its effective implementation is imperative for cost reduction in generation, enhancement of operational efficiency, and power systems stability. This paper tackles the distributed economic dispatch problem in smart grids with transmission line losses. First, the economic dispatch problem is transformed into its Lagrange dual problem using convex optimization theory, accompanied by a description of the strategy for addressing inequality constraints. Then, a fully distributed optimization algorithm is developed under free initial state through the fusion of nonsmooth analysis and the primal–dual method. Furthermore, based on this algorithm, a modified algorithm with lower communication overhead is presented. Finally, software simulations and hardware‐in‐the‐loop tests are performed to verify the developed scheme.

Социокультурная специфика когерентности в медиадискурсе на русском, английском, испанском и немецком языках

The purpose of the study is to identify differences in the interpretation of events in media discourse in different languages, manifested in the coherence features of media materials about this event. The article examines the socio-cultural features of the coherence of the reference event, highlighted in the media discourse in the autumn of 2023 (Russian, English, Spanish, German). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that here, for the first time, coherence is defined as a property of media discourse, capable, on the one hand, of reflecting a certain interpretation of a relevant reference event, and, on the other, of shaping the socio-cultural specifics of such an interpretation. The hypothesis is put forward that the media representation of a reference event has a socio-cultural specificity, which is reflected in the features of coherence, in particular, in the set of topics that will be considered relevant and related in a particular cultural environment. As a result of the research, the hypothesis is confirmed, and possible schemes for the thematic development of the interpretation of a reference event in media discourse are described, depending on the linguistic culture under consideration (“centripetal”, “centrifugal”, “polycentric”).

Efficient Method for Improving Fully Implicit Scheme in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Highly Viscous and Non‐Newtonian Polymer Flow

ABSTRACTSmoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been widely used in various applications, such as the simulation of incompressible flow with a free surface. For highly viscous flow, which typically appears in polymer processing, a fully implicit scheme, which implicitly treats both the predictor and corrector procedures of the projection method in the SPH framework, is efficient and numerically stable. This study proposes a simple and efficient fully implicit scheme that improves predictive accuracy for highly viscous flow. The proposed scheme utilizes a recently developed scheme for highly viscous flow that performs the pressure calculation before the viscosity diffusion calculation, unlike the conventional projection method. This study further improves the viscosity diffusion calculation by considering a viscous diffusion term that is usually ignored due to the continuity equation. Including this term enables us to correctly perform calculations for non‐Newtonian flows. The increase in the computational cost that results from the inclusion of the term is alleviated by introducing a two‐step method for calculating the viscous diffusion terms. The developed scheme is applied to injection molding of a polymer melt between two parallel plates. The results show that the proposed two‐step implicit scheme reproduces the fountain flow behavior near the advancing front. In addition, a three‐dimensional molding simulation of a plate with a hole shows a significant improvement in the prediction of the filling pattern in the mold.

Building Resilience: A Holistic Approach for Revitalizing Existing Infrastructure Assets

This presented research delves into the challenges and approaches encompassed in allotting available resources for the maintenance and renovation of crucial infrastructure assets, focusing intently on buildings in Old Cairo earmarked for relocation to the new administrative capital, manipulating an integral empirical assessment and advanced modeling techniques. Amidst intensifying imperatives for robust infrastructure against a backdrop of financial constraints and hastened asset deterioration, this study proposes a cutting-edge, thorough approach to fund distribution. The developed approach incorporates asset hierarchy and classification, condition assessment via pilot survey, Markov chain model for degradation anticipation, stakeholder perception analysis through questionnaires for comparative analysis, and constructing an optimization model for fund allocation. The findings unveiled the dire condition of the selected infrastructure assets and the pressing requisite for strategic maintenance and renovation interventions. The developed approach offered a pragmatic evidence-based approach concerning decision-makers, improving resource allocation efficacy and fostering urban development schemes. This paper calls for protractible presented methodologies to a broad spectrum of assets and geographies and integrating incipient technologies for dynamic asset management approaches.

An integrated framework for collaborative product design and assembly based on STEP compatible ontology model in cloud manufacturing

AbstractNowadays, new product development processes are encountering fast design and development cycles. This issue has become one the main competition factors among industries. Accordingly, companies make drastic efforts to enhance the quality and speed in the realm of designing and manufacturing by taking novel approaches. Using the potential of new technologies, they design and develop products worldwide, and integrate stakeholders in the collaborative process to achieve this goal. This study has aimed at laying a foundation to fulfill the requirements for globalized collaborative product development processes. This creates an opportunity for both an integrated and collaborative environment. As first objective, the paper has proposed STEP Standard-based model in the form of a cloud service model to create an integrated data structure for product design data while giving flexibility for service-oriented access to integrated model. For second objective, using the Ontology interoperability model, the collaborative design among the stakeholders has been enabled through smart interference control. This control interprets the data semantic to an ontology structure and detects the potential conflicts. The model supports two levels of parts in singular and collective form and based on the assembly scheme for collaborative design and development. Different facets of the proposed model are addressed to fulfill the necessity of real-time distributed collaboration in designing and assembling via a case study.

Study of Induction Heating of Metal Structures at Increased Frequency

Introduction. One of the conditions for trouble-free operation of moving and rubbing me­tal structures in winter is the absence of ice and snow accumulations in the operating areas of moving components. The same goes for moving agricultural constructions, which, for instance, can freeze to the surface outside the animal houses. In the article, based on the studying a turnout switch there is proposed the development of an innovative, more economical and cheaper method for heating moving parts. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at creating a technology for heating sliding metal surfaces and at justifying parameters, developing and simplifying equipment design.Materials and Methods. Using a system approach, mathematical analysis and energy ba­lance methods, there were considered the main patterns of thermal processes in the contact zone of sliding metal structures. When considering these processes, there were made some assumptions. Namely, there were not taken into account soil thermal conductivity, air speed, and other physical processes, because they do not have a significant impact on the final results. These assumptions greatly simplify thermal calculations and obtaining the necessary analytical expressions to determine the parameters of induction heating elements.Results. The induction heating method for moving and rubbing metal structures in winter period has been proposed and tested, the main regularities have been revealed and technical characteristics have been determined. High efficiency and convenience of induction heating in comparison with other methods of electric heating have been proved. There have been obtained numerical values of parameters of induction heating elements, which agree with experimental data.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the developed induction heating scheme, an experimental model with a power of up to 1 000 watts with a frequency of 10 kHz was made. The manufactured experimental model was studied in laboratory and production conditions. The estimated heating power of the part was 334 watts, the measured power was 351 watts. At the same time, the part weighing 20 kg heated up to 60 °C in 40 minutes. During production tests, the part was heated by 50 °C in 40 minutes.The research results can be used to design induction heaters operating at an increased frequency.

Discontinuous Galerkin method with constrained transport for modelling solar wind in spherical coordinates

Abstract In this paper, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is used to simulate the steady-state solar wind with constrained transport method. A cell-based piecewise quadratic polynomial solution is obtained through the discontinuous Galerkin scheme, while the face-averaged magnetic field is discretized using constrained-transport method. Then, a globally divergence-free magnetic field is constructed by combining the quadratic polynomial of magnetic field with the face-averaged magnetic field. For the time discretization, third-order Runge-Kutta method is applied. The resulting method can reach three order of accuracy in space and time. We test the method by computing the solar wind in Carrington rotation 2234, and compare the result with both remote sensing observations from SOHO and SDO as well as in-situ observations from Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and OMNI. The agreement between the modeled results and the observations demonstrates the capability of the developed scheme.

Coordinating Research and evidence for Medical Devices (CORE MD) and beyond

Medical device regulations have its focal center on translating expert knowledge into advice for EU regulatory guidance, and building expertise in regulatory science in the clinical community, the Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices (CORE MD) project is here to review methodologies for the clinical evaluation of high-risk medical devices and recommend new designs to set an appropriate balance between innovation, safety, and clinical effectiveness. CORE-MD is a European Union Horizon 2020 project which began in April 2021 and was concluded in March 2024. For the first time ever CORE–MD consortium stands to bring together 33 medical associations, on one platform. The major objective of CORE MD is, developing guidance for evaluation of artificial intelligence. CORE MD includes cardiovascular, and diabetes medical devices, since these exemplify devices are used to reduce mortality and morbidity, the use of real-world evidence in regulatory decision making, evidences from clinical trials on High-risk medical devices, establishment of post approval evidence development schemes, tools to retrieve public information on medical devices and information on the performance of these High-Risk Medical Devices. As a result, the need for more sources to provide clinical evidences for medical devices is required, before they are approved for implantation in patients and to add on the focus, CORE MD project has brought brilliant potential in increasing the use of benefit measures and accelerating surrogate outcomes research which would optimize an implant’s benefit-risk ratio and making CORE-MD an ambitious project with great scope.

A pilot study to assess the knowledge, attitude and utilization of Kishori Balika Yojana among adolescent girls (14-18yrs) at rural mahasamund, Chhattisgarh

Adolescent girls face risks including injuries, reproductive and sexual health issues, mental and emotional problems, and abuse. In response, the Government of India launched the Adolescent Girls’ Scheme in 2000 under the Integrated Child Development Scheme, aiming to enhance nutrition, health, and empowerment among adolescent girls.A community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in rural Mahasamund to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, utilization of the Kishori Balika Yojana (KBY), and nutritional status of adolescent girls. A convenient sampling technique selected a sample of 35 adolescent girls. Data collection involved a structured knowledge questionnaire (20 items), a Likert scale (18 items), a checklist (7 items), and a nutritional assessment checklist.Among the 35 adolescent girls, 5 (14.2%) were school dropouts, and 16 (45.7%) were undernourished. Most participants (27 or 77.2%) had moderately adequate knowledge, while 7 (20%) had inadequate knowledge. Perception towards KBY services was neutral for 33 (94.2%) and unfavorable for 2 (5.8%). All 35 girls visited the Anganwadi center; 32 (91.4%) utilized supplementary nutrition services, 33 (94.2%) received iron and folic acid tablets, 22 (62.8%) participated in health checkups, and 17 (48.6%) attended health education sessions. Only 2 (5.7%) were aware of life skills education, and none participated in vocational training services. The study found moderately adequate knowledge, neutral perceptions, and good utilization of supplementary nutrition and iron-folic acid supplementation among the girls. However, participation in health checkups, nutrition and health education, life skills education, and vocational training was limited. Educational interventions and modules on KBY services could enhance knowledge, foster favorable perceptions, and improve utilization of KBY services.

Trajectory tracking of a quadrotor using model predictive and backstepping control with anti-disturbance compensation subjected to variations in the center of gravity

The trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is done in this paper in the presence of changes in the center of gravity due to the variations of a connected load mass and its position, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainties. At first, dynamic equations are obtained using Newton–Euler relations, and then a two-loop control architecture is designed for the trajectory tracking task. Backstepping and model predictive control are used in the inner and outer loops, respectively. An extended disturbance observer is adopted to improve disturbance rejection capabilities in both loops. For the six-degrees-of-freedom unmanned aerial vehicle, the effects of time-varying mass, which leads to the change in the moment of inertia and center of gravity of the system, together with external disturbances and parametric uncertainties are taken into account. It is possible to mount an arbitrary number of different point masses at arbitrary positions on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The proposed control scheme is evaluated using simulation in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. According to the simulation results, the developed control scheme can achieve stable flight under different conditions.

Anisotropic quark stars in gravity* *Takol Tangphati was Supported by Walailak University under the New Researcher Development scheme (WU67268). A. Pradhan expresses gratitude to the IUCCA in Pune, India, for offering facilities under associateship programs. In addition, İzzet Sakallı thanks TÜBİTAK, ANKOS, and SCOAP3 for their contributions. Takol Tangphati and İzzet Sakallı also appreciate COST Actions CA21106 and CA22113 for

We investigated the impact of gravity on the internal structure of compact stars, expecting this theory to manifest prominently in the high-density cores of such stars. We considered the algebraic function , where α represents the matter-geometry coupling constant. We specifically chose the matter Lagrangian density to explore compact stars with anisotropic pressure. To this end, we employed the MIT bag model as an equation of state. Subsequently, we numerically solved the hydrostatic equilibrium equations to obtain mass-radius relations for quark stars (QSs), examining static stability criteria, adiabatic index, and speed of sound. Finally, we used recent astrophysical data to constrain the coupling parameter α, which may lead to either larger or smaller masses for QSs, compared to their counterparts in general relativity.

A fully-hybrid finite element formulation for general compressible-incompressible elasticity problems using de Rham compatible spaces

This work proposes a novel fully-hybrid finite element formulation for general elasticity problems, combining $H(\text{div},\Omega)$ conforming vector functions for displacement and $L^2(\Omega)$ discontinuous scalar functions for pressure. This pair is De Rham compatible, which means that within the incompressible regime, the divergence-free constrain will hold strongly at element level. As the $H(\text{div})$ spaces only present continuity of the normal displacements across elements boundaries, the tangential displacement continuity can be weakly imposed performing a hybridization of the shear stresses using $H^1(\partial\Omega_e)$ functions. From past researches conducted at LabMeC, this approach has demonstrated to pose some numerical difficulties as it leads to a saddle point problem with two constraint variables - the pressure and the shear-stresses. In this work, a second hybridization is done by approximating the tangential component of the primal displacement variable using $H^1(\partial\Omega_e)$ space. Two benchmarks are used to verify the developed numerical scheme - the classical Cook's membrane and a tridimensional cantilever beam subjected to an end shear load. Optimum convergence rate is achieved under compressible, quasi-incompressible and full incompressible scenarios.

Determinants of Agricultural Land Fallowing in Kerala, India: Insights and Implications

Kerala's land use dynamics have undergone significant transformations, with increasing fallows emerged as a key concern amid changing land utilization patterns. The study explores key factors contributing to the fallowing of agricultural land in Kerala. The research was conducted across three districts selected based on implementation of fallow land development schemes representing the northern, central, and southern regions of the state. A total of 360 farmers were surveyed, comprising 180 farmers with owned fallow land and 180 beneficiaries of fallow land development schemes. Data were collected using a pretested interview schedule, developed through extensive literature review and expert inputs. Factor analysis was employed to identify key determinants. Six major factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted, explaining 58.95% of the cumulative variance. These factors include perspectives on fallowing, socio-economic attributes, land use experience, risk contingencies, personal traits, and economic and agro-ecological features. The findings highlight that perspectives on fallowing contribute the largest variance (21.96%), emphasizing the importance of farmers' perception on causes and consequences of fallowing. Socio-economic attributes (11.25%) underline the role of family size, subsidiary enterprises, land value, and wage rate in influencing land use decisions. Land use experience (9.06%) reflects farming experience and preceding crop cultivated. Risk contingencies (6.22%) emphasize challenges like wild animal attacks and distance of farm land from road. Personal traits (5.50%) comprise of age and personal reason for fallowing. Economic and agro-ecological features (4.96%) including income, extreme weather events and land fragmentation, also emerged as critical determinants. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-dimensional factors driving agricultural land fallowing in Kerala, offering insights for policymakers and stakeholders to design targeted interventions to promote sustainable land use.

On an immersed boundary technique for modeling 3D incompressible fluids laden with particles

This work presents results from a recently developed three-dimensional immersed boundary technique for modeling 3D particle-laden fluid problems. A classical Eulerian approach is followed to describe the fluid (assumed here as incompressible through Navier-Stokes equations). A discrete element formulation, in turn, is used to describe the particles´ dynamics. The fluid-particle interfaces are treated through Nitsche’s method, which is an immersed boundary technique whereby we impose the particles´ surface velocities and spins as boundary conditions to the fluid in a weak form. Here, particle-to-wall (i.e., fluid´s exterior solid boundaries) contacts are fully permitted and resolved. In order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the developed scheme, numerical simulations of 3D unsteady flow of an incompressible fluid loaded with particles are performed and compared against benchmark solutions. This work refers to an intermediate stage of a scientific research that aims to model problems of fluid-particle interaction (FPI) with full particle-to-particle contacts in particle-laden fluids.

Secure Consensus Control of Multiagent Systems Under DoS Attacks: A Switching-Scheme-Based Active Defense Method.

This article studies the secure consensus control problem of multiagent systems (MASs) with a nonzero input leader subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The introduction of backup topologies makes it possible for MASs to actively defend against DoS attacks. Subsequently, a novel active defense method consisting of two types of state observers, an adaptive topology switching mechanism, and switching controllers is proposed, which can ensure the leader-follower bound consensus even if DoS attacks hinder the interaction between agents. Within such a defense framework, the switching mechanism, driven by the predefined performance index and designed monitoring function, can automatically search for a healthy communication graph among backup topologies. Concurrently, the observer-based switching control strategy will be modified to match the corresponding topology, in which the universal observer and controller parameters in different topologies are obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities. It should be highlighted that the developed defense scheme not only removes the limitations of existing results on the duration and frequency of DoS attacks but also ensures the same upper bound of consensus error before and after DoS attacks. Finally, several simulation examples for different systems illustrate the efficiency and superiority of the theoretical results.