Image Encryption Scheme Research Articles

An Efficient Image Encryption Scheme for Medical Image Security

In the contemporary landscape of digital healthcare, the confidentiality and integrity of medical images have become paramount concerns, necessitating the development of robust security measures. This research endeavors to address these concerns by proposing an innovative image encryption scheme tailored specifically for enhancing medical image security. The proposed scheme integrates a sophisticated blend of symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques, complemented by a novel key management system, to fortify the protection of medical image data against unauthorized access and malicious tampering. The proposed DNA-based encryption algorithm leverages the unique properties of DNA encoding to securely scramble image data, providing an added layer of protection. By utilizing DNA sequences in the encryption and decryption processes, the scheme achieves a high level of data confusion and diffusion, significantly enhancing security. The efficacy of the proposed encryption scheme is validated through comprehensive experimental evaluations, which demonstrate its proficiency in ensuring data security while maintaining computational efficiency. The scheme's compatibility with existing medical imaging systems is also examined, affirming its seamless integration into contemporary healthcare infrastructures. This research contributes to the advancement of medical image security by proposing an efficient encryption scheme that strikes a balance between stringent security requirements and practical implementation considerations. The primary contributions include the development of a DNA-based encryption algorithm and a novel key management system, both of which significantly enhance the security of medical images. This research contributes to the advancement of medical image security by proposing an efficient encryption scheme that strikes a balance between stringent security requirements and practical implementation considerations. By safeguarding the confidentiality and integrity of medical images, the proposed scheme empowers healthcare providers to uphold patient privacy and trust in the digital age. Experimental results show that this approach ensures robust encryption without compromising image quality, making it suitable for sensitive medical imaging applications.

A novel plaintext-related image encryption and compression method based on a new coupled map lattices model

In this paper, we propose a new Sine-Logistic Map Coupled Map Lattices (SLMCML) model, which exhibits enhanced chaotic characteristics and more suitable for image encryption compared with the classical coupled map lattices. Based on the SLMCML system, we propose an image encryption and compression method. To improve the plaintext sensitivity of image cryptosystem, we propose a novel plaintext-related internal keys generation method, which can obviously improve the plaintext sensitivity of initial values of SLMCML system, thus improve the plaintext sensitivity of whole process of compression and encryption. Our proposed image encryption scheme contains several steps. Initially, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is utilized to convert original image into coefficient matrix. Then a plaintext relation method is constructed, which generate internal keys as initial values of SLMCML system. Next the coefficient matrix is permutated by permutation sequences generated by SLMCML system to cyclic shift for making the energy evenly distributed. Next the coefficient matrix is done sparse processing. The compressed sensing is employed to compress coefficient matrix. Subsequently, the compressive image is permutated with spiral traversal and twice zigzag transform. Finally, the permutated image is diffused with column diffusion to generate cipher image. Through some common security analyses, our proposed image encryption scheme has good security performance and excellent image recovery quality.

A hexadecimal scrambling image encryption scheme based on improved four-dimensional chaotic system

A hexadecimal scrambling image encryption scheme based on improved four-dimensional chaotic system

Color image encryption scheme combining a 2D hyperchaotic Sin–Henon system and the division algorithm

As an important transmission medium, color images can provide more information, but in the process of image encryption, few algorithms fully consider the relationship between three color planes. To achieve a more secure and effective color image encryption effect, we propose a novel scheme combining a 2D hyperchaotic Sin–Henon system (2D-SH) and the division algorithm. 2D-SH is designed based on Sin mapping and Henon mapping, which has a broader chaotic range, better ergodicity, and more complicated chaotic behavior. The division algorithm is applied to the chaotic sequences produced by 2D-SH to generate a position matrix and two pseudo-random matrices for cross-plane scrambling and diffusion. The main encryption process involves three steps. Firstly, a color plaintext image is dimensionally reduced and preprocessed into a 2D pixel matrix to improve the efficiency of scrambling and diffusion. Secondly, the position matrix is used to achieve cross-plane scrambling. Finally, the pseudo-random matrices and the position matrix are used to realize synchronous diffusion and scrambling. The algorithm is simple in structure and can complete the encryption with only one round of the process. Simulation experiments and security analyses demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can not only encrypt images securely and fast, but also successfully pass various tests, demonstrating robustness and effectiveness. In addition, SH-CIEA outperforms some latest algorithms in terms of variance, entropy, and other aspects. The calculation time is nearly 0.61 s, showing its efficiency for practical applications.

Cryptanalyzing an Image Encryption Scheme Using Synchronization of Memristor Chaotic Systems

This paper conducts a security analysis on an image encryption scheme that incorporates chaos synchronization and DNA encoding techniques. The scheme adheres to the typical Substitution–Permutation structure by introducing the DNA operation as a nonlinear component. Compared to the traditional chaotic ciphers, the designer claims that the scheme achieved better nonlinear properties through the DNA operation. However, the characteristics of the differential between some pairs of plaintexts and the corresponding ciphertexts can be exploited to break the permutation operation. Meanwhile, the substitution operation can also be cracked by checking the mapping between the intermediate variables inversely permuted from ciphertext and the corresponding plaintext. Given the weaknesses of the encryption scheme, we introduce effective strategies for the known-plaintext attack. Both rigorous theoretical analyses and detailed experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the attacks.

An advanced cryptographic scheme for DICOM medical image encryption using a novel spatiotemporal chaotic lattice

Ensuring the privacy and security of medical imaging data is crucial. Most existing methods focus on encrypting images in common formats, neglecting the unique challenges posed by medical formats. In this paper an advanced encryption algorithm based on a multi-dimensional and multi-parametric spatiotemporal coupled chaotic lattice (Double-MsCcL) system is proposed. The Double-MsCcL system enhances the complexity of chaotic sequences, and provides a robust foundation for medical image encryption. The encryption method proposed combines double-layer random DNA diffusion and fractal random permutation. Medical information is embedded in the image pixels, serving as the cryptosystem key. The designed double-layer DNA random diffusion algorithm alters pixel values, while the fractal random permutation algorithm disrupts pixel positions. This proposed approach effectively hides sensitive information, strengthens resistance to plaintext attacks, and address the often-overlooked Uint16 format of DICOM images. Comprehensive performance evaluations have shown that the proposed encryption scheme offers significant advantages in protecting sensitive medical imaging data. Our algorithm exhibits better performance in resisting plaintext analysis, statistical, and differential attacks, demonstrating significant security compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, which can be widely applied in the field of modern medical data protection.

Chaos based image encryption scheme to secure sensitive multimedia content in cloud storage

Cloud computing offers a variety of on-demand services to users and has gained significant prominence in the contemporary era. The security of information stored in cloud data centers has become a central concern, especially for sensitive data like medical images, videos, and multimedia content that require heightened protection when stored in data centers. Cloud users have a responsibility to ensure the security of their data through strategic measures. Focusing on maintaining the privacy of images stored in the cloud, this research introduces an innovative image encryption technique that is based on a modified Skew Tent chaotic map. The suggested modification to the chaotic map includes combining the Skew Tent map with both the sine trigonometric function and perturbation technology. This results in enhanced randomness, more intricate dynamical behavior, a broader chaotic range, and increased sensitivity to initial values in contrast to alternative chaotic maps. The incorporation of this adapted map into a stepwise procedure, involving two rounds of permutation followed by diffusion, effectively accomplishes image data encryption for cloud storage systems. These consecutive operations collectively enhance the encryption method’s randomness and robustness. Through simulations conducted using Cloudsim, the cipher-image exhibits a uniform distribution and achieves a commendable information entropy score of 7.996749. The encryption algorithm significantly reduces correlation coefficients from 1 in the original image to 0 in the encrypted image, while maintaining NPCR (Number of Pixel Change Rate) and UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity) values within the critical range. Additionally, both theoretical analysis and practical evaluations confirm the algorithm’s resilience against exhaustive, occlusion, and classical attacks. Moreover, extending this encryption framework to video data, a novel video encryption approach is proposed.

A Comprehensive Review on Image Encryption Techniques using Memristor based Chaotic System for Multimedia Application

Image encryption is one of the most widely used techniques for securing images in trusted and unrestricted public media. However, the drawback is weak security in chaotic encryption algorithms, small key space and hardware implementation complexities. Various appropriate encryption algorithms have been carried out for secure image transmission; it becomes a critical issue to protect image integrity, confidentiality and authenticity. To overcome these issues, this article examines several existing memristor-based image encryption algorithms with various chaotic maps. As a result, this research aims to deliver comprehensive literature on image encryption techniques through memristor to help the researchers. Finally, this survey provides all vital literature on the current image encryption techniques with their benefits, drawbacks, developments, and future directions. We also give a general guideline about cryptography. We conclude that all methods are helpful for real-time image encryption. A comparison has been made between many image processing approaches (conventional and memristor) based on metrics such as the number of pixels change rate (NPCR) with the value of 0.9986, histogram, entropy (7.9993), unified average varying intensity (UACI) achieves the value as 0.4996, energy consumption as 0.32pJ and time complexity as 0.9s. The experimental results of various approaches, key sensitivity and statistical analysis revealed that the survey of memristor-based image encryption schemes provides an effective way to secure image transmission in real-time application.

Image encryption scheme based on pseudo-DWT and cubic S-box

Combining a pseudo-Discrete Wavelet Transform (pseudo-DWT) and a novel cubic S-box technique, an image encryption scheme using a newly-developed four-dimensional hyperchaotic system (NewHS) is presented in this paper. The principal advantage of this method resides in its enhanced security, with hash values (computed by SHA-256) of the plaintext, thereby bolstering resistance to chosen-plaintext attack. Initially, a novel three-dimensional cubic S-box is designed via chaotic sequence, increasing the complexity and randomness. Subsequently, the proposed scheme employs a Ladder permutation for image scrambling, achieving a one-time pad encryption effect. Finally, a pseudo-DWT is devised to segment and reconstruct the image, implementing scrambling and diffusion encryption. Moreover, experiments and security analysis also prove that the proposed encryption scheme can show good performance.

Dynamical analysis of high-order Hopfield neural network with application in WBANs

Given the increasing demand for privacy preservation of medical data, a novel medical image encryption scheme is proposed based on Invertible Neural Network (INN) in this paper. Firstly, a new High-Order Hopfield Neural Network (HOHNN) is designed to yield a cipher flow as the conditional input, thereby regulating the encryption process. Moreover, its intrinsic properties as well as various dynamic behaviors are both demonstrated through theoretical analysis and two-parameter Lyapunov exponential charts. Secondly, guided by a multi-objective loss function and a known prior distribution, the original medical image is encrypted into a noise-like cipher image through the proposed encryption scheme. Besides, it is worth mentioning that unlike the existing deep learning-based data encryption schemes, the decryption network shares the identical weight matrix and network structure with the corresponding encryption one in this work. Finally, extensive simulation experiments have validated the feasibility as well as the security of the proposed scheme.

A privacy encryption scheme for medical images based on nonlinear dynamic coupled map lattices and protein sequence

A privacy encryption scheme for medical images based on nonlinear dynamic coupled map lattices and protein sequence

Design and Analysis of a Novel Fractional-Order System with Hidden Dynamics, Hyperchaotic Behavior and Multi-Scroll Attractors

The design of chaotic systems with complex dynamic behaviors has always been a key aspect of chaos theory in engineering applications. This study introduces a novel fractional-order system characterized by hidden dynamics, hyperchaotic behavior, and multi-scroll attractors. By employing fractional calculus, the system’s order is extended beyond integer values, providing a richer dynamic behavior. The system’s hidden dynamics are revealed through detailed numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, demonstrating complex attractors and bifurcations. The hyperchaotic nature of the system is verified through Lyapunov exponents and phase portraits, showing multiple positive exponents that indicate a higher degree of unpredictability and complexity. Additionally, the system’s multi-scroll attractors are analyzed, showcasing their potential for secure communication and encryption applications. The fractional-order approach enhances the system’s flexibility and adaptability, making it suitable for a wide range of practical uses, including secure data transmission, image encryption, and complex signal processing. Finally, based on the proposed fractional-order system, we designed a simple and efficient medical image encryption scheme and analyzed its security performance. Experimental results validate the theoretical findings, confirming the system’s robustness and effectiveness in generating complex chaotic behaviors.

A Secure Image Encryption Scheme Based on a New Hyperchaotic System and 2D Compressed Sensing.

In insecure communication environments where the communication bandwidth is limited, important image data must be compressed and encrypted for transmission. However, existing image compression and encryption algorithms suffer from poor image reconstruction quality and insufficient image encryption security. To address these problems, this paper proposes an image-compression and encryption scheme based on a newly designed hyperchaotic system and two-dimensional compressed sensing (2DCS) technique. In this paper, the chaotic performance of this hyperchaotic system is verified by bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov diagrams, approximate entropy, and permutation entropy, which have certain advantages over the traditional 2D chaotic system. The new 2D chaotic system as a pseudo-random number generator can completely pass all the test items of NIST. Meanwhile, this paper improves on the existing 2D projected gradient (2DPG) algorithm, which improves the quality of image compression and reconstruction, and can effectively reduce the transmission pressure of image data confidential communication. In addition, a new image encryption algorithm is designed for the new 2D chaotic system, and the security of the algorithm is verified by experiments such as key space size analysis and encrypted image information entropy.

A Fast and robustColor Image Encryption Scheme by Huffman Compression, 5D Chaotic Map and DNA Encoding

In the era of information technology, securing the real-time digital image is the greatest challenge especially colour image. In this paper, a colour image encryption scheme is introduced to secure the image based on compression-then-encryption concept. Theproposed method is a hybrid combination of the Chaos techniques for key generation, Huffman Encoding/compression for compression and avoiding colour decomposition, scrambling for more confusion and DNA Encoding for reducing storage size. In order to enhance security, scrambled data are converted to the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, make ADD operation and apply the complementary rules to attain the cipher image. Experimental results have been proved as robustness, accurate and high security against attacks, malicious attacks, differential attacks and statistical attacks. Furthermore, results show that the time speed is faster minimum storage space than the existing colour image encryption scheme.

Generating grid double-scroll attractors from magnetized SC-CNN and its application in image encryption

Cellular neural network has attracted widespread attention due to its easy hardware implementation and general application in information processing. In this paper, a new memristive State-Controlled-CNN (MSC-CNN) model is established by introducing two novel flux-controlled memristors into a three-cell network, where one of which simulates the electromagnetic radiation and the other characterizes the coupling weight. The present MSC-CNN can generate multi-double-scroll attractors (MDSAs) in one direction or grid multi-double-scroll attractors (GMDSAs). Stability analysis shows that each asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the memristors serves as index-1 saddle-focus in the MSC-CNN, which induces the corresponding connecting bond orbits between two scrolls. Thus, the number of GMDSAs can be flexibly adjusted by varying the number of the asymptotically stable equilibrium points of the memristors. Moreover, the memristive coupling strength also controls the number of MDSAs. Through numerical simulations, complex dynamic behaviors such as extreme multistability and amplitude control are also observed. Then, an image encryption scheme based on the proposed MSC-CNN is designed from the application perspective. Finally, a microcontroller-based hardware system is implemented to verify the effectiveness of numerical simulations.

Visually secure encryption embedded with multiple types of images using semi-tensor product compressed sensing

An image encryption scheme with visual security is designed by combining the semi-tensor product compressed sensing (STP-CS) with multi-embedding strategy. Specifically, the optimized measurement matrix is firstly generated by chaotic system and singular value decomposition (SVD), and the optimized measurement matrix is used to obtain the measurement value matrix by STP-CS operation on the color image. Next, the reorganized measurement value matrix is scrambled and diffused with the key matrix generated by 2D Logistic-Sine-coupling map (2D-LSCM) to obtain the noise-like encrypted image. Finally, an image embedding method is introduced to embed the compressed noise-like encrypted image into a color or grayscale carrier image to obtain a visually secure color or grayscale encrypted image. SHA-256 is used to generate the initial values of chaotic systems, which are embedded into the carrier image to effectively reduce transmission and storage. The simulation results show that the visually secure encryption scheme is more reliable and outperforms other encryption algorithms.

A novel single kernel parallel image encryption scheme based on a chaotic map

A novel single kernel parallel image encryption scheme based on a chaotic map

Cross-Channel Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Discrete Memristive Coupled Neurons and DWT Compression

To address the consumption and security of color images for transmission and storage, a cross-channel color image encryption scheme based on a discrete memristive coupled neuron model and DWT compression is designed in this article. Firstly, the dynamics of the discrete memristive coupled neuron system are analyzed and found to possess the hyperchaotic phenomenon, which provides sufficient security for the encryption scheme. Secondly, the color image processed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has a quarter of the previous capacity. Then, the color image is combined with a Hash function, and the resulting Hash sequence is given the initial value of the hyperchaotic system. Next, a particle swarm foraging algorithm (PSFA) is designed to better disrupt the correlation in the RGB channel. Finally, a complementary DNA coding rule is implemented for the further encryption of color images. Simulation results show that even with DWT lossy compression, the recovered image can be clearly seen. The performance analysis illustrates that under the hyperchaotic system, the proposed encryption algorithm brings higher security for color images.

A novel image encryption scheme based on hyperchaos and random overlapping diffusion

A novel image encryption scheme based on hyperchaos and random overlapping diffusion

Hyperchaotic color image encryption scheme based on simultaneous color channel confusion-diffusion operations

Shortcomings have been identified in current color image encryption methods. Firstly, these methods encrypt each color channel separately, resulting in a time-consuming process and independent encrypted channels, which can make hacking easier. Secondly, the use of XOR operations between image pixel values and code values during encryption can be vulnerable. To address these issues, a novel algorithm is introduced that incorporates a new XOR operation and simultaneous encryption of color channels. This approach creates interdependence between the encrypted channels, reduces encryption time, and enhances security by introducing a more complex XOR operation. The proposed method employs a substitution technique that involves XOR operations between groups of pixels and codes, inspired by the principles of the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform algorithm. The encryption process involves several key phases that enhance the security and efficiency of the system. In the initial phase, line processing involves mixing lines from different channels and application of chaotic substitution permutation operations. Subsequently, a similar operation is applied to columns, and finally, the channels are divided into overlapping squared sub-blocks, with a newly XOR proposed chaos-based confusion operation simultaneously applied to the three-channel sub-blocks. These phases are designed to ensure interdependence between color channels and reduce encryption time, resulting in a more robust encryption method. With this method, the RGB cipher channels become mutually dependent, rendering decryption of one channel impossible without the others. The approach has been evaluated using appropriate metrics and found to be robust, efficient, and resistant to various attacks, outperforming recently published methods. It is suitable for modern image encryption applications, including those related to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT).