Developed Scheme Research Articles

Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli District

This study primarily emphasizes analyzing the problems faced by women entrepreneurs in starting a new business. To overcome these hurdles the Government of Tamilnadu has initiated many schemes. Rural Entrepreneurship Development Program (REDP), Prime Ministers Employment Generation Program (PMEGP), Employment Development Department (EDD) in Tiruchirapalli district, Tamilnadu. This Research examined the problems faced by women entrepreneurs to start a new business with the three training programs from Tiruchirappalli district. A conceptual model with three hypotheses was developed and data were collected from 207 women entrepreneurs in the form of a structured questionnaire from the women entrepreneurs (ParamasivanandSubathra,2017). To analyze the problems of women entrepreneurs, 207 respondents were selected by stratified random sampling method. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from the women entrepreneurs. The data were collected from the District Industries Centre (DIC), Tiruchirappalli district from the beneficiaries of the state-sponsored scheme. There is a significant impact of training programs on problems faced by women entrepreneurs across the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs. The Government of India has introduced many new entrepreneurial development schemes to provide sufficient financial assistance and provide training on development skills to climb the ladder of success. Gender-specific training should also be given to women entrepreneurs on socio-economic conditions.

A diffusive‐discrete crack transition scheme for ductile fracture at finite strain

SummaryThis study presents a diffusive‐discrete crack transition scheme for stably conducting ductile fracture simulations within a finite strain framework. In the developed scheme, the crack initiation and propagation processes are determined according to an energy minimization problem based on crack phase‐field theory, and the predicted diffusive path is transformed to a discrete representation using the finite cover method during the staggered iterative scheme. In particular, for stably conducting ductile fracture simulations, three computational techniques, the staggered iterative configuration update technique, the subincremental damage update technique, and the crack opening stabilization technique, are introduced. The first and second techniques can be used regardless of whether discrete cracks are considered, and the third technique is specialized for diffusive‐discrete crack transition schemes. Accordingly, ductile fracture simulations with the developed scheme rarely encounter troublesome problems such as oscillations in the displacement field and severe distortion of finite elements that can lead to divergence of calculations. After the crack phase‐field model for ductile fractures is formulated and discretized, the numerical algorithms for realizing the diffusive‐discrete crack transition while maintaining computational stability are explained. Several representative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of the developed approach.

HIV incidence, knowledge, attitude and practices of HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy use in HIV-infected patients at Debre Elias district, North West Ethiopia

Due to hotspots as development schemes that attract mobile groups, HIV/AIDS infections are the biggest health issue in communities with low awareness and safe practice, especially in smaller towns. This study examined HIV/AIDS and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) use-related knowledge, attitude, and practice in AIDS patients. Debre Elias Health Center conducted a cross-sectional study (N=384) from June 10 to January 20, 2021. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression calculated significance and association between dependent and independent variables. 236 (384) or 61.4% of 384 HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy were female. HIV rates increased from 2014 to 2019. Age difference was associated with patient knowledge of ART use (P=0.005). Patients’ attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and ART use were significantly correlated with age, residence, marital status, and education (P<0.001). HIV patients 25-30 were 2.2 times more likely to know about ART use. HIV patients with a degree or higher were five times more likely to support ART. HIV patients aged 14-24 with a positive ART outlook were 94% protective. HIV prevalence is rising, especially among 15 to 24-year-old women. Public protection is needed to reduce HIV transmission.

Socio-economic Impacts of Forests Rights Act on the Individual Title Holders: An Analytical Study among the Lanjia Saoras of Odisha

The present study examines the socio-economic impacts of the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 on Individual Forest Rights (IFR) title holders from the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Lanjia Saora in the Gumma block of Gajapati district, Odisha. It analyses the socioeconomic status, land use patterns, occupations, and convergence of government schemes for IFR households across 4 villages through household surveys and focus group discussions covering 52 households. Key findings i.e reveal livelihood dependence on agriculture, agricultural wage labour and lack of basic amenities like pucca housing, electricity and toilets for majority of households. While some support have been provided through rural housing, land development and horticulture schemes, the coverage remains limited. The study therefore recommends increasing awareness about FRA, promoting cash crops, horticulture, Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) collection and marketing, skill development for off-farm livelihoods, improving connectivity and public infrastructure etc. It conlude the need to address developmental gaps of tribal IFR holders through appropriate policies and convergence of government schemes at the district level.

A novel discontinuous Galerkin projection scheme for the hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystals

This paper is focused on the numerical approximations for the hydrodynamic model of nematic liquid crystals. Under the framework of a splitting projection method, we propose a novel interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving the coupled system, which is employed by combining the scalar auxiliary variables (SAV) approach, implicit-explicit (IMEX) treatments and a rotational pressure-correction method. One prominent feature of the developed scheme here is by introducing an additional stabilization term artificially in liquid crystal equation to balance the explicit treatment for the coupling term, so that the computations of vector field from velocity field are decoupled. Hence a linear, fully decoupled and unconditionally energy-stable DG scheme can be achieved in a fully discrete manner. We show that the resulting scheme is uniquely solvable and unconditional energy stable, and the optimal error estimates of the proposed scheme are further proved theoretically. Finally, numerical results are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and energy stability of our scheme.

Effects of Freezing Temperature Parameterization on Simulated Sea‐Ice Thickness Validated by MOSAiC Observations

AbstractFreezing temperature parameterization significantly impacts the heat balance at sea‐ice bottom and, consequently, the simulated sea‐ice thickness. Here, the single‐column model ICEPACK was used to investigate the impact of the freezing temperature parameterization on the simulated sea‐ice thermodynamic growth during the MOSAiC expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. It is shown that large model errors exist with the standard parameterization and that different formulations for calculating the freezing temperature impact the simulated sea‐ice thickness significantly. Considering the winter mixed layer temperature, a modified parameterization of the freezing point temperature based on Mushy scheme was developed. The mean absolute error (ratio) of simulating sea‐ice thickness for all buoys reduces from 7.4 cm (4.9%) with the “Millero” scheme, which performs the best among the existing schemes in the ICEPACK model, to 4.2 cm (2.9%) with the new developed scheme.

LiDAR point cloud simplification algorithm with fuzzy encoding-decoding mechanism

With the explosive growth in the density of acquired point cloud data, point cloud processing tasks will face tremendous challenges. LiDAR point cloud simplification is a key phase in addressing this issue, which effectively promotes the development of LiDAR technology in many engineering fields. In this study, an innovative point cloud simplification algorithm with the fuzzy encoding-decoding mechanism is proposed. In the developed scheme, an approach for curvature estimation is first designed on the basis of the k-neighbor searching and principal component analysis. Then, a collection of feature point sets is set up with the ordered curvatures. Subsequently, a Fuzzy C-Means clustering based encoding mechanism is employed to capture the level point cloud structures in depth and establish a reasonable and streamlined strategy for point clouds. Each feature point set and non-feature point set are encoded into a prototype matrix and a partition (membership) matrix. The membership degree of each feature point to its prototype becomes the basis for the simplification strategy. Finally, the simplification result of the point cloud is formed through merging the simplification results of all subsets. The method proposed in this study effectively preserves the point cloud features and ensures a uniform distribution of the simplified point cloud. A comparative analysis of the point cloud simplification is conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed algorithm outperformed other point cloud simplification algorithms.

Librarians Technology Skills and Management of Electronic Information Resources in University Libraries in South-South Nigeria

This study investigated librarians technology skills and management of electronic information resources in university libraries in south-south Nigeria. Three research questions were developed, and one null hypothesis was formulated in relation to what the study sought to find out. A structured Questionnaire entitled Librarians’ Technology Skills and Management of Electronic Information Resources Questionnaire” (LTSMEIRQ) was developed and used for data collection while three experts were engaged to validate the instrument. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was found to be 0.97 using Person Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The questionnaire was used for collecting data from 242 respondents made of librarians in University libraries in South-South Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential to answer the raised research questions and the formulated hypothesis. The study affirmed that librarians in University libraries in South-South Nigeria possessed high level technology skills, also the study found that relationship exists between librarians technology skills and management of electronic information resources in university libraries in south-south Nigeria. The study recommended constant upskilling and reskilling of librarians in the University to remain relevant in the scheme of global development.

Lived Experiences of Children in the Child Protection System in New Delhi

Ever since the ratification of the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child in 1992, India has come a long way in drafting and re-drafting schemes, policies and laws to protect children from abuse, neglect and exploitation. While a lot of thought is put into drafting these legislations and policies, their implementation varies substantially across states, limiting the fulfilment of their objectives. The two prevalent schemes for children are the Integrated Child Development Scheme and the Integrated Child Protection Scheme. Substantial literature is available on the former, limited research and data are available on the latter. Most studies falling under this domain focus on analysing and criticising the legislations, but not on their impact. Children have always been considered as a sensitive and vulnerable group to work with and due to limited access to these sensitive spaces, scholars and researchers have been hesitant to record and document the voices and perspectives of children towards a scheme that focuses and works for their holistic development. Through this study, the researcher has tried to view the Child Protection System from the lived experiences of 10 children who are/have been part of the Child Protection System in Delhi.

Session 25. Oral Presentation for: Toward less carbon-intensive, faster gas-to-market offshore development schemes a case study of using discovered resources in the Bedout Sub-basin

Session 25. Oral Presentation for: Toward less carbon-intensive, faster gas-to-market offshore development schemes a case study of using discovered resources in the Bedout Sub-basin

State estimation and structure identification of complex networks with time‐varying delays and model uncertainty based on probabilistic graph neural network

SummaryIn this paper, the state estimation problem and structure identification problem are investigated for an array of complex networks with time‐varying delays and model uncertainty. Model uncertainty is generated by uncertain connections between nodes in complex networks. Combining probabilistic graph model and graph neural network, a probabilistic graph neural network is proposed to deal with the uncertainty, and the multiple linear terms of the errors between nodes are estimated. The purpose of the addressed state estimation problem is to design a state estimator such that, in the presence of the model uncertainty, the estimation error to converge to zero can be guaranteed and the explicit expression of the estimator parameters is given. Based on a Lyapunov function, the parameters of the estimator and the updating laws of the weights of probabilistic graph neural network can be obtained by the solutions to linear matrix inequalities. The purpose of the addressed structure identification problem is to infer a definite graph structure model based on Bayes' theorem in the presence of a stable probabilistic graph neural network and state estimator. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed state estimation and structure identification scheme.

From ‘village tanks’ to ‘evaporating pans’: Colonial and Post-colonial responses to ancient village tanks in Sri Lanka

Village tanks, prevalent since ancient times, were an integrated part of the irrigation system in Sri Lanka (‘Ceylon’ till 1972). It was under these village tanks that paddy cultivation took place, and they were a part of the socially, technologically, and ecologically cohesive way of village life. The colonial authorities, who tried to renovate that ancient system, perceived village tanks as technically inefficient due to excessive evaporation and uneconomical land use. However, for several reasons, that perception could not be materialized during their renovation works. During the post-colonial period, with the implementation of the land colonization schemes in the 1930’s and the multipurpose river valley development schemes in the 1960’s, the scenario took a different shape. The technically perceived inferiority of the village tanks was brought into the new water management policies and the engineering designs. As a result, many of the village tanks were demolished, and those lands were converted to the farmlands. Instead of water availabilities assured through village tanks, canal irrigation became prominent. The socio-technical bondage between the village tanks and the village communities was not considered, presenting a classic case study for the consequences of neglecting social component of the technology. This paper discusses the social, political, and technical implications of these moves and their influence on shaping the present irrigation setup in the island.

Initial Payment and Refunding Scheme for Climate Change Mitigation and Technological Development Among Heterogeneous Countries

Abstract We examine international environmental agreements (IEAs) in which heterogeneous countries work together to not only participate in the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions but also develop breakthrough technologies. In this paper, the country with the most advanced technology (i.e. the technological leader) develops a new abatement technology and distributes it to other countries (i.e. technological laggards) through licensing. We design a new mechanism to achieve cooperation among heterogeneous countries through an initial payment and refunding (IPR) scheme and licensing involving third-party organizations (TPOs). Under our new IPR scheme with licensing, the cost incurred by a technology leader in developing new technology is covered by licensing fees using a portion of the initial payments collected from technological laggards by a TPO. As a result, TPOs sustain IEAs by flexibly adjusting technological laggards’ share of costs for licensing, comprising initial payments and refunds, and the amount of the licensing payment made to the technological leader.

Socio-Eco Packages and Environmental Factors – An Analysis from Balochistan

This study examines the impact of the Socio-Economic packages announced over the past two decades for Balochistan by the Federal Government / State on Political, Social, Economic, Security, and other environmental factors, predicting the future of the province. It adopts a qualitative research design with a historical, descriptive approach using interview-based primary data collection along with the study of published and unpublished documents of government and private sources. Since the rise of President Gen (R) Pervaiz Musharaf to the premier office of Pakistan, the Federal Government undertook five ventures to support Balochistan on its way to progress. However, mismanagement and bad governance failed the very spirit of the initiatives, and the results couldn’t be achieved. The findings of the study conclude that the announcement of socio-eco packages would have proved to be beneficial towards achieving specific goals set if the welfare and development schemes had been carried out and monitored through agencies/intermediaries other than the local political or parliamentary leadership. Environmental factors, especially political factors, are directly impacted by the implementation of these packages. This study presented its analyses by interviewing the people linked with academia and the administration only owing to time constraints. However, future research should include the views of other groups directly or indirectly linked with the prevailing situation in the province, thus addressing the limitations of the present study.

Engineering optics and thermodynamics design of parabolic trough solar collector

Abstract The development and design of parabolic trough solar thermal collectors (PTC) need to comprehensively consider the influence of optic, thermodynamic, layout, and other factors. The optics and thermodynamic analysis of PTC with different configurations was carried out, and the influence of layout on heat collection was studied. In the case of determined PTC aperture size, the distribution trend of solar irradiation flux density of different HCE diameters is the same, and the peak value of solar irradiation flux density is higher when the concentration ratio is larger. For the PTC with the same concentration ratio, with the incidence angle increase, the intercept rate and optical efficiency of the PTC decrease, the thermal energy loss rate increases, and the thermal efficiency decreases. Under the same incidence angle, with the increase of concentration ratio, the PTC’s intercept rate and optical efficiency decrease gradually, and the average efficiency of the PTC increases first and then decreases. In the process of PTC design and selection, considering the concentration ratio, latitude, and cost factors, the aperture size of 8.2 m and the HCE of the inner diameter of 90 mm can be used as the recommended configuration scheme for subsequent HCE development.

Incremental swarm coordination control with self-triggered-organized topology and predictive-based control method

This work focuses on coordinating a swarm of multiple mobile robots with incremental joining units using an incremental-self-organized formation (ISOF) scheme. The ISOF scheme enables the assimilation of newly joined robots and autonomously establishes a feasible communication topology between the incremental and existing robots. To avoid redundant generation, the new communication topology is expanded and updated based on the existing topology while preserving the original structure. To realize the real-time update of control model and topology for generalized swarm system using the ISOF scheme, an incremental-self-triggered updating mechanism (ISTUM) is designed, and specific triggering conditions are defined. With the updated communication topology and control model, the incremental swarm system, subject to predefined constraints, can be controlled to achieve the desired formation objective using a model-predictive-control-based (MPC-based) protocol. The proposed control scheme aims to minimize the need for manual intervention in swarm reconstruction when incremental behaviour occurs, thereby enhancing the flexibility of swarm coordination. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed control scheme.

Integral sliding mode-based event-triggered optimal fault tolerant tracking control of continuous-time nonlinear systems

In this paper, the integral sliding mode-based event-triggered optimal fault tolerant tracking control of continuous-time nonlinear systems is investigated via adaptive dynamic programming. The developed control scheme consists of two parts, i.e., integral sliding mode control and event-triggered optimal tracking control. For the first part, an integral sliding mode controller is designed to eliminate the affect of actuator fault and the dynamics of nominal nonlinear systems is obtained. For the second part, a novel quadratic cost function with respect to the tracking error and its dynamics is developed such that the feedforward control law or the discount factor is not required, which reduces the complexity of the control method and guarantees the tracking performance. Moreover, a critic-only structure is established to obtain the solution of tracking Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. It should be noted that the optimal tracking control law is updated only at triggering moments in order to preserve computing and communication resources. Finally, the effectiveness of the present approach is demonstrated through simulation examples of a robotic arm system and a Van der Pol circuit system.

Zero‐sum game‐based H∞ optimal finite‐time prescribed performance control for nonlinear multiagent systems with actuator faults

AbstractThis article proposes an optimal leader‐follower consensus control protocol with finite‐time prescribed performance for nonlinear multiagent systems suffering from the actuator fault based on the zero‐sum game framework. First, to guarantee the specified performance of the system within a finite time frame, a novel error transformation function (ETF) is constructed. The ETF proposed in this paper can adjust the mapping range of error transformation to achieve better error convergence performance, thereby enhancing the flexibility of the controller design. Then, to compensate for the negative impact of actuator fault, an error‐related item is separated from the optimal performance index function to design an online fault estimator, which can obtain a better error estimation accuracy. Furthermore, to lessen the need for difficult‐to‐verify persistent excitation signal in adaptive dynamic programming algorithm, both historical and real‐time data are applied to adjust the updating law of neural network weight. Moreover, it demonstrates that the signals within the closed‐loop system are bounded and the expected finite‐time prescribed performance can be ensured in the presence of faults. Finally, a numerical example of multiple single‐link robots manipulator system is executed to validate the efficacy of the developed scheme.

Hybrid deep learning approach for sentiment analysis using text and emojis

ABSTRACT Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a technique for categorizing texts based on the sentimental polarity of people’s opinions. This paper introduces a sentiment analysis (SA) model with text and emojis. The two preprocessed data’s are data with text and emojis and text without emojis. Feature extraction consists text features and text with emojis features. The text features are features like N-grams, modified Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), and Bag-of-Words (BoW) features extracted from the text. In classification, CNN (Conventional Neural Network) and MLP (Multi-Layer Perception) use emojis and text-based SA. The CNN weight is optimized by a new Electric fish Customized Shark Smell Optimization (ECSSO) Algorithm. Similarly, the text-based SA is carried out by hybrid Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifiers. The bagged data are given as input to the classification process via RNN and LSTM. Here, the weight of LSTM is optimized by the suggested ECSSO algorithm. Then, the mean of LSTM and RNN determines the final output. The specificity of the developed scheme is 29.01%, 42.75%, 23.88%,22.07%, 25.31%, 18.42%, 5.68%, 10.34%, 6.20%, 6.64%, and 6.84% better for 70% than other models. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is computed and evaluated.

Augmentation of Soft Partition with a Granular Prototype Based Fuzzy C-Means

Clustering is a fundamental cornerstone in unsupervised learning, playing a pivotal role in various data mining techniques. The precise and efficient classification of data stands as a central focus for numerous researchers and practitioners alike. In this study, we design an effective soft partition classification method which refines and extends the prototype of the well-known Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm. Specifically, the developed scheme employs membership function to extend the prototypes into a series of granular prototypes, thus achieving a deeper revelation of the structure of the data. This process softly divides the data into core and extended parts. The core part can be succinctly encapsulated through several information granules, whereas the extended part lacks discernible geometry and requires formal descriptors (such as membership formulas). Our objective is to develop information granules that shape the core structure within the dataset, delineate their characteristics, and explore the interaction among these granules that result in their deformation. The granular prototypes become the main component of the information granules and provide an optimization space for traditional prototypes. Subsequently, we apply quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization to identify the optimal partition matrix for the data. This optimized matrix significantly enhances the partition performance of the data. Experimental results provide substantial evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed approach.