Schematic Method Research Articles

Study on the Glare Phenomenon and Time-Varying Characteristics of Luminance in the Access Zone of the East–West Oriented Tunnel

In response to the special feature of the east–west oriented road tunnel entrance being easily exposed to direct sunlight, a study was conducted on the glare phenomenon at the access zone for this type of tunnel and on the time-varying characteristics of the L20(S) value outside the tunnel. First, the actual situation of luminance difference inside and outside the tunnel was considered. Field tests were carried out in a 20° field of view of the human eye within a stopping distance. Then, the environment paraments outside the tunnel were collected by combining the environment schematic method with the digital camera method. Finally, the differences and time-varying characteristics between the measured and recommended values of luminance outside the tunnel were analyzed. The PGSV daylight calculation model was used to analyze the glare effect in the 20° field of view of the human eye. The results indicate that the luminance L20(S) outside the tunnel towards the east (west) generally shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and reaches its maximum value in the morning (afternoon). The difference in the contribution ratio of luminance inside and outside the tunnel for this type shows an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the maximum difference appears in the morning (afternoon), reaching about 97% and 96% respectively. The time-varying characteristics of glare in the access zone of an east (west) oriented road tunnel are roughly consistent with the variation trend of the luminance L20(S) outside the tunnel and exceed the intolerable glare limit. Due to direct sunlight, the luminance outside the tunnel is too high, resulting in an uncomfortable glare that the driver cannot tolerate, becoming more serious after rainfall, and which affects driving comfort and safety.

ANALYSIS OF CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS IN THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVENTS OF THE BAIKONUR DISASTER

Identifying the causes of disasters, emergency situations, and incidents is a necessary condition for avoiding similar situations in the future. The methods of the theory of catastrophes are constantly being improved, there is a need to return to some historical negative events, the analysis of which contributes to the discovery of new grounds, facts, consequences that update the essence of the emergence of an emergency situation, and allow managers, specialists and employees of any industry, association, enterprises or organizations to make security decisions. This study revealed cause-and-effect relationships in the chronology of events that led to the "Nedelin Disaster" - the worst and most fatal disaster in the rocket and space industry of the Soviet Union and the world, when the Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile R-16 exploded during a test at the start during launch preparation. The assessment of the occupational risk of hazards was carried out on the basis of the "bow-tie" model, which is a schematic method of describing and analyzing the ways of the development of a dangerous event from causes to consequences by combining the "fault tree analysis" and "event tree". This model is widely used because of its convenience and simplicity in representing the cause-and-effect relationship between a hazard, a hazardous event, and consequences. Its visualization helps to clearly demonstrate the process of managing occupational risks by determining the number of barriers (protective or preventive measures) that are placed on the path between danger and a dangerous event and a dangerous event and consequences. The number of barriers makes it possible, on the one hand, to establish an estimate of preventive and protective measures for labor protection, and on the other hand, to influence the probability of the occurrence of a dangerous event. The highlighted events, their analysis, understanding of the dangers and knowledge of the consequences of a dangerous event made it possible to build a model of the realized risk of danger with the definition of the main dangerous conditions that led to the disaster. In particular, the main dangerous conditions are: supplying fuel to the engine, installing the electric battery one hour before launch, giving an electric signal to start the rocket engine one minute before the crash and 15 minutes before launch. As a result of the combination of all three dangerous conditions, the probability of a dangerous event has increased to 100%. Another dangerous condition was the presence of a significant number of people to launch the rocket, which led to a significant severity of casualties - from 20 people to 100 or more. It is important that each of these factors alone could not affect the danger of preparing the rocket for launch, but their combination led to the disaster. Keywords: disaster, danger, cause-and-effect relationships, risk, risk assessment.

The Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Auspicious Patterns in Design

This study identifies the design characteristics of traditional Chinese auspicious motifs. It studies frequently used auspicious patterns in Chinese daily life, mainly after the Yuan Dynasty, i.e., those with multiple element combinations and with symbolic meanings. Qualitative research, purposive sampling, and descriptive statistics were used to complete the analysis of about 50 auspicious motifs. According to the basic steps of the design, the characteristics of the auspicious patterns are summarized by their innovative, formal, and color features, respectively. It is concluded that the standard creation methods for designing auspicious patterns are the symbolic method, harmonic method, and schematic method. The common forms are full versions, balanced and symmetrical compositions, suitable and separate patterns, and more number and variety of elements, mainly figurative and complete, so the patterns are very complex. The color is rich and bright colors. The study of the characteristics of auspicious pattern design expands the scope of their study and deepens their comprehensive understanding. It also provides some reference values in the field of auspicious pattern design.

INTERACTIVE STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING G. BELGER’S NOVELS

This article discusses interactive strategies for analyzing G. Belger's novels. The writer's works are presented in the aspect of ideological and substantive strengthening of interethnic harmony and tolerance of the peoples of Kazakhstan. Understanding these aspects is the key to successful intercultural cooperation, the result of which is the peace and well-being of the peoples of our country. Kazakhstan is a Eurasian country, a bridge between diverse cultural, political and economic spaces. The work of Gerold Belger convincingly proves that for many decades a special semiosphere has been forming, including the language one; that each ethnic group has its own historical destiny and its own place in the ontology of humanity; that bilingualism, manifested in the creative process through translingualism, contributes to the organization of language systems more complex than "pure", contact-limited languages.
 The problem of translinguism - that is, the transfer by the author of the ethno-cultural content by means of the acquired language - is relatively new for the Kazakh nayka, but it is very relevant in the light of the trilingual policy chosen by our state for successful entry into the world com- munication. The translingual text suggests that the work of the author, ethnically representing one culture, was created in the language of another culture - acquired, adopted.
 In the transcultural analysis of the text, all levels of poetics are important - from architectonics to individual characters. Thus, the novel The House of the Wanderer Belger, written in Russian, has a structural organization that is somewhat atypical for a Russian novel. At the same time, it is not the three-part composition of the text itself that is unusual, but the fashionable breakdown of the novel, in which each of the semantic parts is the position of one of the characters and is named after him (David, Christian, Harry,). In this way, in our opinion, the principle of individualization of perception, which is typical for the German language picture of the world, is realized.
 In the literary life of Kazakhstan, Gerold Belger occupies a special place. Writer, critic, public figure, Belger creates in his work new images of the world, devoid of unification and cognitive simplicity. - that is, a schematic method of knowing being, which is based on a linear reaction to it.
 Trilingualism, which the writer metaphorically expressed by the formula three strings, became the resource base, thanks to which Herold Belger managed to create a model of the world that is more complex in heuristic and aesthetic terms for understanding these categories, we offer new methodological strategies for analyzing works of art.

Features of accounting of internal goodwill

Introduction. The inability to reliably determine the value of enterprises is due to the lack of methods of objective assessment of the intangible component of the enterprise, i.e. internal goodwill. Internal goodwill is one of the specific objects that is difficult to identify and evaluate, as well as to establish the reliability of the recognition of the economic benefits of its use. This exacerbates the relevance of current accounting of domestic goodwill in the enterprise.Purpose. Systematization and improvement of methodological approaches to accounting for internal goodwill, which should be taken into account to substantiate the scientific and applied principles in assessing the value of the company.Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific work of scientists on the study of goodwill, intellectual assets. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific methods (abstraction, comparison, generalization, grouping, systematization, analysis, synthesis) - to improve methodological approaches to accounting for internal goodwill. Schematic method is to summarize the intangible resources of the company and the relationship between them in accounting and disclosure of the impact of intangible and intellectual assets on the brand (brand) and value of the company. Abstract-logical method is to formulate research conclusions.Results. The necessity of separating the concepts of external and internal goodwill in the accounting is substantiated and their comparative analysis is carried out on the relevant grounds. The influence of intangible resources on the value of the enterprise in the system of financial and management accounting with the establishment of relationships between them is identified. The necessity of reflection of internal goodwill during all current activity of the company in the form of unaccounted intangible assets with assignment to the corresponding group of intellectual assets on analytical accounts in the system of financial and administrative accounting of the enterprise is substantiated. The necessity of keeping records of intellectual capital formed at the enterprise with the opening of relevant sub- accounts is substantiated. The method of accounting is revealed, which will allow to account for intellectual capital on external and internal goodwill in order to avoid underestimation of the real value of the enterprise and will not contradict the principles of full coverage and balance sheet.Discussion. At the regulatory level, it is necessary to develop methods for the recognition, evaluation, documentation, accounting and reflection in the financial statements of items included in the internal goodwill for their reflection in the financial accounting system.

Nonadiabaticity of quantum harmonic oscillators

We propose a quantity, A̸, as a measure describing the nonadiabaticity of a thermodynamic process. For this purpose, we use a schematic method to find the measure of the ‘degree of nonadiabaticity’. The method utilizes an ‘invariant’ thermal state constructed from the Ermakov-Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant. Specifically, we study a frequency-modulated quantum harmonic oscillator as a thermodynamic system. Naturally, we write the first law of thermodynamics with A̸ as a measurable quantity. We discuss universality for the method and some possible applications.

IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN RISIKO TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA BANK UMUM BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2019

Banks in achieving their profitability will certainly be faced with various risks, risk management is a logical and schematic method in identifying, quantifying, determining attitudes, determining solutions, and monitoring and reporting risks that occur in each bank business activity.
 The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of credit risk (NPL) and market risk (NIM) on bank profitability (ROA). This research is conducted at state-owned commercial banks listed on the IDX for the period 2010-2019.
 The method used in this research is quantitative and the source of the data in this study is obtained from secondary data with a sample size of 4 banking companies, namely Bank Negara Indonesia, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Bank Tabungan Negara and Bank Mandiri.
 The results of this study indicate that the credit risk free variable (NPL) has a negative but significant influence. The market risk variable (NIM) has a positive and significant influence on profitability with a regression coefficient value of 0.466 with a significant level of 0.000. The coefficient of determination shows that the contribution of the influence of the variable credit risk (NPL) and market risk (NIM) to profitability (ROA) is 87.3%, while the remaining 12.7% is influenced by other factors that are not included in the regression model.

Flying qualities evaluation based nonlinear flight control law design method for aircraft

This paper is focused on the parameter tuning problem for the design of nonlinear flight controllers. Taking into account the preferences and requirements of the pilot, a novel flying qualities evaluation framework and a tuning method are proposed for the design of nonlinear flight controllers. Considering that the existing flying qualities criteria are not applicable to evaluating the closed-loop aircraft system, a novel evaluation framework consisting of three modules namely ideal reference model, controller and aircraft model, is proposed. Based on this evaluation framework, an overall evaluation model is established, the flying qualities based rating scores for this model will reflect the level of the controller performance. Subsequently, a schematic evaluation method, consisting of three sub-procedures namely linearization, low-order equivalent fitting and flying qualities criteria based rating, is proposed for the controller design. To validate the evaluation framework and the method, a nonlinear F/A-18 aircraft model and the incremental backstepping control law are chosen to build a demonstration example. Theoretical analysis and the simulation results reveal that the proposed evaluation framework and schematic method are effective for the design of nonlinear flight control laws.

Analysis of direct capture of {hbox {CO}}_{2} from ambient air via steam-assisted temperature\u2013vacuum swing adsorption

In this work, direct air capture (DAC) via adsorption is studied through the design and analysis of two temperature–vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) cycles. In the first part, a novel way of describing the adsorption of {hbox {CO}}_{2} in presence of water vapor is proposed for co-adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic data gathered from the literature. Secondly, two TVSA cycle designs are proposed: one with a desorption step via external heating, and one with a steam purge. A schematic method for the determination of the cycle step times is proposed and a parametric study on the operating conditions is performed via cycle simulations using a detailed, first principles model. Finally, the two cycles are compared in terms of {hbox {CO}}_{2} production and energy consumption. The parametric study on the desorption time shows that there is a desorption time yielding the highest {hbox {CO}}_{2} production at low energy consumptions. Low evacuation pressures are necessary to reach high {hbox {CO}}_{2} production, but higher evacuation pressures show to be always favorable in terms of specific electrical energy requirements. A steam purge requires an additional thermal energy cost, but it not only allows decreasing the specific electrical energy consumptions, it also enhances {hbox {CO}}_{2} desorption kinetics and allows reaching higher {hbox {CO}}_{2} productions at milder evacuation pressures. The results of this work present the possibility to directly relate the availability of power and heat to the design of the cycle.

Development of Enhancing Battery Management for Reusing Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery

In this study, a battery management system (BMS) is developed for reused lithium-ion battery (RLIB). Additional enhancing functions of battery management are established, i.e., estimation of life-sensitized parameters and life extension. Life-sensitizing parameters mainly include open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistances (IRs). They are sensitized parameters individually relative to state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). For estimating these two parameters, an adaptive control scheme is implemented in BMS. This online adaptive control approach has been extensively applied to nonlinear systems with uncertainties. In two experiments, OCV and IRs of reused battery packs are accurately extracted from working voltage and discharge current. An offline numerical model using a schematic method is applied to verify the applicability and efficiency of this proposed online scheme. Furthermore, a solution of actively extending life by using an ultracapacitor to share peak power of RLIB through adjusting duty ratio is also proposed. It is shown that this enhancing battery management for RLIB can properly estimate OCV and IRs, and actively extend the life of the RLIB in two experiments.

Schematic Method: A Creative Way to Teach Short Stories

Schematic Method: A Creative Way to Teach Short Stories

A Schematic Overview of the Current Status of Male Infertility Practice.

The practice of male infertility has dramatically evolved over the past few decades. This has been achieved after the realization of the important contribution the male counterpart holds in the couple's infertility. It is also supported by a number of breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of this medical condition. Several tests to investigate sperm quality and function were introduced along with refinements and/or institution of novel surgical techniques that can correct several causes of infertility. This manuscript is aimed at highlighting the current state of male infertility practice in a robust, schematic method addressing a broader audience involved in the treatment of male infertility.

Control Theory Concepts for Modeling Uncertainty in Enzyme Kinetics of Biochemical Networks

Analysis of the dynamic and steady-state properties of biochemical networks hinges on information about the parameters of enzyme kinetics. The lack of experimental data characterizing enzyme activities and kinetics along with the associated uncertainties impedes the development of kinetic models, and researchers commonly use Monte Carlo sampling to explore the parameter space. However, the sampling of parameter spaces is a computationally expensive task for larger biochemical networks. To address this issue, we exploit the fact that reaction rates of biochemical reactions and network responses can be expressed as a function of displacements from the thermodynamic equilibrium of elementary reaction steps and concentrations of free enzymes and their intermediary complexes. For a set of kinetic mechanisms ubiquitously found in biochemistry, we express kinetic responses of enzymes to changes in network metabolite concentrations through these quantities both analytically and schematically. The tailor-made sampling of these quantities allows for characterizing efficiently the missing kinetic parameters and accelerating the efforts toward building genome-scale kinetic metabolic models, and further, it advances efforts in the Bayesian inference context. The proposed schematic method is simple and lends itself to a computer implementation that can be computationally more efficient than computer implementations of similar schematic methods.

Entrepreneurial innovation strategies; an option for small hotels\u2019 growth in Ghana

Homes away from home show the behavioral patterns of people who are always on the move from one place to another. Many small size hotels in Ghana keep springing up quickly in a bid to provide home for people away from home. Yet, innovative ideas that enhance patronage and sustainability is on a decline, leading to eventual foldup. This study seeks to advance the entrepreneurial innovations of small hotels in order to sustain growth in Ghana. Successful stories about SMEs exist but are rare. A population size of 2915 entrepreneurs operating small medium hotels across the country were zoned into three, and schematic random sampling method was used in selecting the hotels. A scale of 100% hospitality industry attitudinal variables such as Service Innovations, Process Innovations, Management Innovations and Marketing Innovations were used. Responses from small hotel managers/owners indicate that there is a strong correlation between innovative activities and patronage. We therefore, recommend small hospitalities’ managers to develop their innovative abilities as a reliable path to the survival and growth of their businesses in a highly perishable and competitive business environment.

Schematic Method of Estimation and Increase of Radiation Hardness of the Onboard Radio-electronic Equipment for Space Applications

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Effect of Physics Problem Solving on Structures Schemes and Knowledge Associations

This study aims to develop learners’ thinking structures through associations, case based, and schematic method so that different knowledge structures have a role in influencing the structure of creative thinking. The learners have low mastery of physics materials since they are not given sufficient opportunity to build their own knowledge. They should be directed to approach each new problem or task with their prior knowledge, assimilate new information, and construct their own understanding. The design of this research was a quasi-experiment using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using variance analysis. The design of this research was a quasi-experiment using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using variance analysis. The learning process of problemsolving consists of: 1) identifying problems, 2) planning projects, 3) creating projects, 4) presenting projects, and 5) evaluating projects. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that problem-solving method can provide strong supports in developing the learners’ creative thinking skills as they can share their knowledge and interact with their friends and the environment. This learning activity also constitutes an appropriate technique to help the learners to develop problem solving knowledge and skills.

An automated schematic method based on dynamic grid for Service Area Map

An automated schematic method based on dynamic grid for Service Area Map

A Novel Teaching Tool Combined With Active-Learning to Teach Antimicrobial Spectrum Activity

Objective. To design instructional methods that would promote long-term retention of knowledge of antimicrobial pharmacology, particularly the spectrum of activity for antimicrobial agents, in pharmacy students. Design. An active-learning approach was used to teach selected sessions in a required antimicrobial pharmacology course. Students were expected to review key concepts from the course reader prior to the in-class sessions. During class, brief concept reviews were followed by active-learning exercises, including a novel schematic method for learning antimicrobial spectrum of activity ("flower diagrams"). Assessment. At the beginning of the next quarter (approximately 10 weeks after the in-class sessions), 360 students (three yearly cohorts) completed a low-stakes multiple-choice examination on the concepts in antimicrobial spectrum of activity. When data for students was pooled across years, the mean number of correct items was 75.3% for the items that tested content delivered with the active-learning method vs 70.4% for items that tested content delivered via traditional lecture (mean difference 4.9%). Instructor ratings on student evaluations of the active-learning approach were high (mean scores 4.5-4.8 on a 5-point scale) and student comments were positive about the active-learning approach and flower diagrams. Conclusion. An active-learning approach led to modestly higher scores in a test of long-term retention of pharmacology knowledge and was well-received by students.

Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of Piezoelectric α-Quartz Phase of AO2 (A = Ge, Si) and MXO4 (M = Al, Ga, Fe and X = P, As): A Historical Overview

Quartz is the most frequently used piezoelectric material. Single crystals are industrially grown by the hydrothermal route under super-critical conditions (150 MPa-623 K). This paper is an overview of the hydrothermal crystal growth of the AO2 and MXO4 α-quartz isotypes. All of the studies on the crystal growth of this family of materials enable some general and schematic conclusions to be made concerning the influence of different parameters for growing these α-quartz-type materials with different chemical compositions. The solubility of the material is the main parameter, which governs both thermodynamic parameters, P and T, of the crystal growth. Then, depending on the chemistry of the α-quartz-type phase, different parameters have to be considered with the aim of obtaining the basic building units (BBU) of the crystals in solution responsible for the growth of the α-quartz-type phase. A schematic method is proposed, based on the main parameter governing the crystal growth of the α-quartz phase. All of the crystal growth processes have been classified according to four routes: classical, solute-induced, seed-induced and solvent-induced crystal growth.

Fatigue Finite Element Analysis of Certain Type of EMU Gearbox Box

EMU gearbox is a key component of high-speed train, the reliability of the gearbox will directly affect the operational safety of EMU. The box of EMU gearbox is with light alloy materials, bearing structure, so the box is subjected to greater loads and shock and vibration. Designers most take into account the static strength and stiffness of the box, ignore the fatigue failure. Fatigue failure is the leading cause of mechanical structural failure, while the peak load cycle fatigue failure is often far less than estimated in accordance with the static fracture analysis "safe" load, so the EMU gearbox box’s fatigue analysis is needed. Combining high-speed EMU gearbox actual operating conditions, using finite element method to do fatigue analysis of the gearbox box while the analysis result is evaluated and amended by the Smith schematic analysis method.