Schema In Order Research Articles

Lessons Learned for ECQA LLP-LdV Projects’ Management

Cooperation at European level in the education and training areas is supported by different types of projects that contribute to countries’ educational reforms, but also, to knowledge and practices enrichment. According to the a Strategic Framework for European Cooperation in Education and Training (ET 2020) through adequate projects of trans-national partnerships, there have to be developed key competencies needed for personal fulfillment, active citizenship, social inclusion and employability in the knowledge base society (communication in the mother tongue and in foreign languages; mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology; digital competence; learning to learn; social and civic competences; sense of initiative and entrepreneurship; cultural awareness and expression). In this context, the article will present some lessons learned from the Lifelong Learning Program – Leonardo da Vinci projects (LLP-LdV). After a brief introduction related to European education objectives and strategies retrieved from the official documents of the Commission, there is described the context of the research by presenting the European Certification and Qualification Association (ECQA, www.ecqa.org) and the related LLP-LdV projects that were built using the ECQA schema in order to support the key competencies development. Finally, there are summarized the conclusions and lessons learned from these type of projects together with the prototype of the successful manager.

An ontological-based knowledge organization for bioinformatics workflow management system

Motivation and Objectives In the field of Computer Science, ontologies represent formal structures to define and organize knowledge of a specific application domain (Chandrasekaran et al., 1999). An ontology is composed of entities, called classes, and relationships among them. Classes are characterized by features, called attributes, and they can be arranged into a hierarchical organization. Ontologies are a fundamental instrument in Artificial Intelligence for the development of Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS). With its formal and well defined structure, in fact, an ontology provides a machine-understandable language that allows automatic reasoning for problems resolution. Typical KBS are Expert Systems (ES) and Decision Support Systems (DSS). ESs gather and formalize the knowledge of a human expert of a domain in order to produce inferences and recommendations given an initial query. DSSs are more interactive KBS, in the sense they offer support, rather than replacement, for the decision making process during the execution of a task, suggesting one possible strategy or tool given a set of initial conditions. DSSs are mainly adopted in the clinical field, where they are called Clinical DSS (CDSS). Ontology specification, structure and organization are then of fundamental importance for the development of a KBS. In this paper we present an improvement of our ontological approach for knowledge organization in DSS design. In our previous publication (Fiannaca et al., 2012) we defined a paradigm for ontology specification named Data Problem Solver (DPS) and we showed how our approach can be applied to bioinformatics domain, modeling the Protein-Protein Interaction Network extraction scenario. In the proposed approach, we aim at integrating into our ontology the concept of Workflow as a set of processes. Our main objective is to provide a general schema in order to add the functionalities and capability of a DSS to the more recent Workflow Management Systems, that especially in bioinformatics, with the Taverna workbench (Hull et al., 2006), represent a powerful instrument for researchers. We called our extended ontological approach Data Problem Solver Workflow (DPSW).

Stochastic analysis of OneMax problem using Markov chain

Experimental and analytical investigations are performed for OneMax problem using Wright---Fisher model. This study investigates the distribution of the first order schema frequency in the evolution process of Genetic Algorithm (GA). Effects of mutation in GA are analyzed for the standard mutation and asymmetric mutation models. If a population is in linkage equilibrium, it can be shown that OneMax problem is equivalent to the asymmetric mutation model. Thus, we can apply theoretical results obtained in the asymmetric mutation model to OneMax problem and investigate the convergence time of GA calculation within the framework of Wright---Fisher model.

An ontological-based knowledge organization for bioinformatics workflow management system

An ontological-based knowledge organization for bioinformatics workflow management system

AdaptRDF: adaptive storage management for RDF databases

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a two‐phase approach for designing an efficient tailored but flexible storage solution for resource description framework (RDF) data based on its query workload characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe approach consists of two phases. The vertical partitioning phase which aims of reducing the number of join operations in the query evaluation process, while the adjustment phase aims to maintain the efficiency of the performance of the query processing by adapting the underlying schema to cope with the dynamic nature of the query workloads.FindingsThe authors perform comprehensive experiments on two real‐world RDF datasets to demonstrate that the approach is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art techniques in this domain.Originality/valueThe main motivation behind the authors' approach is that several benchmarking studies have recently shown that each RDF dataset requires a tailored table schema in order to achieve efficient performance during query processing. None of the previous approaches have considered this limitation.

Describing immovable monuments with metadata standards

Collections with immovable monuments are less researched than other material of our culture from the aspect of description. This led us to study the metadata elements hosted in various heterogeneous schemas by local inventories, used to describe different types of immovable monuments. In order to achieve some form of semantic interoperability, a series of crosswalks was defined among a derived schema hosting metadata elements from various inventories and official metadata standards that are used to describe architectural works. This allowed us to identify which of these schemas would better fit in these records, in order to reduce semantic heterogeneity. We also highlight weaknesses and adequacies of these standards in the description of immovable monuments, placing particular emphasis in the inevitable semantic gap. Finally, a quantitative measure was defined for the degree of different types of coverage of a source schema by a target schema in order to evaluate the appropriateness of standards.

Evolving schemas for streaming XML

In this paper we model schema evolution for XML by defining formal language operators on Visibly Pushdown Languages (VPLs). Our goal is to provide a framework for efficient validation of streaming XML in the realistic setting where the schemas of the exchanging parties evolve and thus diverge from one another. We show that Visibly Pushdown Languages are closed under the defined language operators and this enables us to expand the schemas (for XML) in order to account for flexible or constrained evolution.

Early Maladaptive Schema Factors, Chronic Pain and Depressiveness: a Study with 271 Chronic Pain Patients and 331 Control Participants

Chronic pain and depression are coexisting entities with high simultaneous prevalence. Both are linked with early adversities. Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) can be seen as a reflection of these adversities. EMSs extensively indicate underlying psychic patterns and provide a good opportunity to detect covert processes and psychic shapes (latent factors), which create the basis of how people rate their schemas. The purpose of this study was to explore these latent, higher order schema factors (SF) and to find out how they are associated with pain intensity or depression in chronic pain patients and a control sample. The study subjects consisted of 271 first-visit pain patients and 331 control participants. Sociodemographic and pain data were gathered by questionnaire; 18 EMSs were measured with the Young Schema Questionnaire (short form) and depressiveness was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory, Version II. Exploratory factor and regression analyses were used. The chronic pain patient group showed two SFs. The first SF showed a shameful, defective, socially isolated, failure, emotionally inhibited, deprived, submissive and resigned pattern. The second SF showed a demanding, approval seeking, self-sacrificing and punitive pattern. SF1 predicted more than half of the depressiveness in the pain patient sample. A three-factor structure was found in the control sample, and SFs 1 and 3 together predicted almost one-third of depressiveness. The pain patient and the control groups had a different, higher order factor structure. We assume that SF1 in the pain patients reflected a rather serious, undefined early psychic trauma and was also associated with their depressiveness.

Rat behavior in go/no-go and two-alternative choice odor discrimination: Differences and similarities.

To elucidate the cognitive structures of animals, neuroscientists use several behavioral tasks. Therefore, it is imperative to have a firm understanding of each task's behavioral parameters in order to parse out possible task effects. We compare two operant discrimination tasks (Go/No-Go: GNG; Two-Alternative Choice: TAC) that are commonly used in olfactory research. Past research has suggested that solving the two tasks requires divergent cognitive strategies. One hypothesis is that the two tasks differ in how an animal optimizes reward rate by means of a speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). If this is true, then changing tasks could give researchers an additional tool to understand animal cognition. However, no study has systematically analyzed the two tasks in parallel using odor stimuli. Using standardized training protocols, we test GNG and TAC in parallel. Our protocols allow us to isolate the stimulus sampling period from a general reaction time period. We find that the two tasks do not differ with regard to the stimulus sampling period and conclude that the two tasks do not differ in the amount of time it takes an animal to perform a discrimination. Instead, tasks differ in the time it takes to make an overt behavioral response, with GNG showing shorter periods than TAC. We also find no evidence of rats using either task-specific or intertrial interval-dependent SAT schema in order to optimize reward rate. We show that similarities between dependent variables, with the possible exception of response delay, appear to be under experimenter control.

Communicating CSR via pharmaceutical company web sites

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover what corporate social responsibility (CSR) message themes are being communicated in selective pharmaceutical companies' mission and core values statements and their relevance to internal and external audiences.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of five pharmaceutical companies mission and value statement web pages are analyzed. A panel developed a list of key words that are then analyzed and assigned to a level of Lerbinger's pyramid of CSR schema in order to determine if the web site is primarily communicating with internal or external stakeholders.FindingsKeywords communicating the organizations' mission focus on activities that support societal issues relevant to external stakeholders. Keywords communicating the organizations' values support minimizing social costs including employee safety and therefore are of more interest and importance to internal stakeholders. The analysis indicates that the content provided by these five pharmaceutical companies use message frames within specific sections of the web site to communicate with both internal and external stakeholders.Originality/valueThere has been much emphasis on the need for, and benefit of communicating an organization's CSR strategies to stakeholders. This paper evaluates what CSR initiatives are being communicated on pharmaceutical companies' web sites. The results show a strong propensity to communicate with both external and internal stakeholders indicating that some organizations are messaging to both groups.

Constructing Emotions and Accommodating Schemas: A model of self-exploration, symbolization, and development / Emotionen konstruieren und Schemas akkommodieren: Ein Modell der Selbst-Exploration, Symbolisierung und Entwicklung / Construyendo emociones y esquemas de acomodación/adaptación: Un modelo de exploración del self, simbolización y desarrollo / La construction de schèmes d'émotions et d'ajustements: Un modèle de l'exploration de soi, de la symbolisation et du

Based on the schema concept and on basic findings of neuroscience, a five-step model of self-exploration is proposed. A cue is followed by Assimilation, Affect, Processing, Emotion, and Action Motivation. This process can be understood as an ongoing activation of schemas. A person's congruent, incongruent, or not-congruent experiences correspond to the alternative ways that schema and sub-schema networks fit or fail to fit with one another. The process of symbolization occurs as new schema networks emerge and neuronal pathways extend, so that the higher order schemas accommodate new experiences. The process is fostered when the person takes an observer position, maintaining some distance from the immediate experiences and when the therapist offers direct and challenging interactional experiences. Examples from everyday life and from play therapy are given.

Computational provenance in hydrologic science: a snow mapping example

Computational provenance--a record of the antecedents and processing history of digital information--is key to properly documenting computer-based scientific research. To support investigations in hydrologic science, we produce the daily fractional snow-covered area from NASA's moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). From the MODIS reflectance data in seven wavelengths, we estimate the fraction of each 500 m pixel that snow covers. The daily products have data gaps and errors because of cloud cover and sensor viewing geometry, so we interpolate and smooth to produce our best estimate of the daily snow cover. To manage the data, we have developed the Earth System Science Server (ES3), a software environment for data-intensive Earth science, with unique capabilities for automatically and transparently capturing and managing the provenance of arbitrary computations. Transparent acquisition avoids the scientists having to express their computations in specific languages or schemas in order for provenance to be acquired and maintained. ES3 models provenance as relationships between processes and their input and output files. It is particularly suited to capturing the provenance of an evolving algorithm whose components span multiple languages and execution environments.

In Search of Affinities: Knowledge and Action in Indian Thought

In Indian Philosophy and the Consequences of Knowledge: Themes in Metaphysics and Soteriology his newly-released contribution to the fields of Indian and cross-cultural philosophy, Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad offers a collection of essays published over the past eight years exploring important ethical, epistemological, and soteriological issues in Jainism, the Brahminical darsanas, and Indian Buddhist thought. The very broadly construed theme that unifies the essays in this collection is an explication of the various uses of knowledge articulated in the Indian tradition. This explication, Ram-Prasad tells us, is about both conducting a purely intellectual study of reality and seeking some that this study is held to secure (p. xi). That the pursuit of knowledge is conceived as meaningful in classical India in order to attain some higher end is a perfectly valid focus for any study of this philosophical tradition. What makes Ram-Prasad's collection especially valuable is the clarity with which this focus is trained on fundamental and defining problems that the tradition struggles with, and how the analysis of these problems by classical Indian philosophers still holds great value for contemporary reflection and discussion. As RamPrasad himself points out, the value of studying Indian philosophy lies not merely in giving a precise linguistic and conceptual interpretation of ancient Sanskrta texts nor in constructing some abstract apologia for the genuinely philosophical character of Indian thought (p. xii). The value of Indian philosophy for us lies in understanding its continued relevance to persistent human problems and aims. Ram-Prasad's essays succeed in revealing this relevance with the characteristic felicity and svayamprakasattva, luminosity all his own, that we have come to expect from his works. The book's first essay, Multiplist Metaphysics and Ethics, recasts the fundamental Jaina philosophical notions of syadvada (conditionally), anekantavada (multiplicity), and nayavada (circumscribed schemas) in order to build a reflective and attitudinal nonviolent multiplist engagement toward the Other (p. 13). Though he follows the classical Jain authors MahavTra, Kundakunda, and Siddhasena in giving precise formulations of these concepts, Ram-Prasad repeatedly emphasizes that the goal he is after in this reconstruction is with the Other, a goal not found in the Jaina literature but one not incompatible with Jain principles (p. 43). The modern discursive context within which this search for affinity takes place

Advanced genomic data mining.

Advanced genomic data mining.

Towards optimal workload-aware XML to relational schema mapping

Storing XML documents in relational databases has drawn much attention in recent years because it can leverage existing investments in relational database technologies. Different algorithms have been proposed to map XML DTD/Schema to relational schema in order to store XML data in relational databases. However, most work defines mapping rules based on heuristics without considering application characteristics, hence fails to produce efficient relational schema for various applications. In this paper, we propose a workload-aware approach to generate relational schema from XML data and user specified workload. Our approach adopts the genetic algorithm to find optimal mappings. An elegant encoding method and related operations are proposed to manipulate mappings using bit strings. Various techniques for optimization can be applied to the XML to relational mapping problem based on this representation. We implemented the proposed algorithm and our experiment results showed that our algorithm was more robust and produced better mappings than existing work.

Évolution de l'environnement de travail et usure mentale en milieu agricole

The article describes the evolution of working conditions in the agricultural sector in Brittany and its repercussions on agricultural workers' health. Based on personal accounts of local rural workers' experiences, the authors demonstrate that it is not necessarily the introduction of new working methods and means, but rather the speed at which they are introduced and implemented that is responsible for the emergence of mental health problems and psychological vulnerability. Furthermore, this process contributed to the identity crisis of those farmers who did not identify with the new professional schema in order to incorporate the new techniques. Recent observations of farmers' conditions show that this phenomenon is perpetuating and evolving.

데이터웹하우스 시스템에서 메타데이터 스키마의 설계 및 활용

고객관리에 중요한 정보로 활용되는 웹로그 분석과 의사결정을 지원하기 위한 데이터웨어하우스를 결합하여 데이터웹하우스가 등장하였다. 그러나 시스템에 분산되어 저장된 정보를 통합하는 데이터웹하우스는 다양하고 이질적인 정보를 포함하므로 관리적 측면에서 복잡한 작업을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 데이터웹하우스 환경에서 데이터를 효과적으로 관리하고 통합하기 위한 메타데이터 스키마를 제안한다. 제안된 스키마는 데이터웹하우스 개발을 지원하고 기업의 정보 자산에 대한 통합 관리를 가능케 한다. 또한 데이터웹하우스의 웹로그 추출을 위한 ETL 메타데이터를 사용하여 웹로그 데이터 처리시간을 향상시킬 수 있다. Datawebhouse consists of both web log analysis used for customer management and datawarehouse used for decision support. However, datawebhouse needs complex operations for management in order to transform and integrate data from heterogeneous data sources and distributed systems. We propose a metadata schema in order to enable data integration and data management which are essential in datawebhouse environments. We show that our proposed schema supports datawebhouse development and enables integrated asset management of business information. With ETL metadata for web log extract, we can improve the data processing time of web log.

A Dual Mechanism Neural Framework for Social Understanding

In this paper a theoretical framework is proposed for how the brain processes the information necessary for us to achieve the understanding of others that we experience in our social worlds. Our framework attempts to expand several previous approaches to more fully account for the various data on interpersonal understanding and to respond to theoretical critiques in this area. Specifically, we propose that social understanding must be achieved by at least two mechanisms in the brain that are capable of parallel information processing. The first mechanism, based on research into mirror matching systems in the brain, suggests that representations of others are mapped onto an observer's representations of these same schemas in order to understand them. The second mechanism requires semantic analysis of a given social situation in order to understand the actions of others and most likely involves conscious processes. We suggest that experimental correlates of these systems should be dissociable using both behavioral and neuroimaging techniques.

The Application of Critical Path Method (CPM) in Workflow Schema of Marble Processing Plants

The critical path method (CPM) is a widely applied technique in large-scale industrial project planning and control. Based on a detailed review of the current literature, no references have been found referring to the use of the CPM in marble processing plants and other industrial mineral plants. In this regard, this study proposes a new application area of CPM and suggests the implementation details of mineral processing workflows with particular emphasis on marble production facilities. In the study, the CPM is applied to marble processing plants for selecting an applicable production process and for determining the workflow schema in order to optimize the cost of operation and to effectively manage time. As a consequence of this analysis, a new production plan is proposed for medium-scale marble processing plants. A suitable marble processing plant has been built and taken into operation in accordance with the proposed plant plan. It has been observed that this plant has a higher production rate at a preferable capacity when compared to three other plants studied as a part of this research.

XML 문서에 자동 전파하는 XML 스키마 변경 접근법

XML has the characteristics of self-describing and uses DTD or XML schema in order to constraint its structure. Even though the XML schema is only at the stage of recommendation yet, it will be prevalently used because DTD is not itself XML and has the limitation on the expression power. The structure defined by the XML schema as well as the data of the XML documents can vary due to complex reasons. Those reasons are errors in the XML schema design, new requirements due to new applications, etc. Thus, we propose XML schema evolution operators that are extracted from the analysis of the XML schema updates. These schema evolution operators enable the XML schema updates that would have been impossible without supporting tools if there are a large number of XML documents complying the U schema. In addition, these operators includes the function of automatically finding the update place in the XML documents which are registered to the XSE system, and maintaining the XML documents valid to the XML schema rather than merely well-formed. This paper is the first attempt to update XML schemas of the XML documents and provides the comprehensive set of schema updating operations. Our work is necessary for the XML application development and maintenance in that it helps to update the structure of the XML documents as well as the data in the easy and precise manner.