Schedule Performance Research Articles

Multi-scale closed-loop coupled real-time water quantity optimization scheduling of cascade pumping station in water supply canal systems

Closed-loop control is an effective control method to deal with uncertain disturbance in water supply canal system (WSCS). However, previous researches mainly focus on closed-loop control with a single time scale, and it is difficult to solve the uncertainty problem with a long time dimension. In this paper, a multi-scale closed-loop coupled real-time scheduling framework is established and solved by considering both large and small scale closed-loop scheduling models, so as to improve the performance of real-time scheduling in a longer time dimension under uncertain perturbations. The framework is applied to the virtual simulation test of the Xuhong River WSCS of the east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion project under different water distribution disturbances. The results show that the closed-loop control method can update the system status regularly through rolling optimization, and effectively reduce the prediction error of water level and energy consumption. In the two water distribution disturbance scenarios, the proposed method reduces the average relative deviation of water supply plan execution by 3.4 % and 5.9 %, and the unit energy consumption of cascade pumping station operation by 1.7 kWh/104m3 and 1.5 kWh/104m3, respectively, compared with the single-scale closed-loop scheduling method. In addition, the proposed method can effectively deal with the uncertainty of water distribution disturbance in limited computing time, and can meet the requirements of real-time scheduling in a long time dimension under uncertain disturbance.

Proposing Disk Scheduling Algorithm to Enhance the Efficiency of Disk Performance

Management of disk scheduling is a very important aspect of operating system. Disk scheduling involves a careful examination of pending requests to determine the most efficient way to serve these requests. A disk scheduler examines the positional relationship among waiting requests, then reorders the queue so that the requests will be serviced with minimum seek. Performance of the disk scheduling completely depends on how efficient is the scheduling algorithm to allocate services to the request in a better manner. After the arrival of the multi-core processor, the speed of the processors became much faster with the Hyper-Threading technology, and with this the speed of the processors increased dramatically with a record speed. All processers need CPU time and read/write time together to complete their execution. Read/write operations require the operating system to access the disk to store and retrieve data. In the recent years many algorithms (FIFO, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, LOOK, etc.) are developed in order to optimize the system disk I/O performance. The purpose of this study is to obtain a new scheduling algorithm that reduces seek time, sum of head movement, spin time, and transfer time, so as to improve disk performance efficiency in a better way to try to synchronize with CPU performance.

Project characteristic-based performance prediction model for school constructions: hierarchical regression approach

Project underperformance remains a significant concern in the construction industry. The majority of prior studies have focused on identifying the subjective factors that affect project performance. However, there are currently no in-depth studies evaluating the influence of project characteristics and managerial/organizational obstacles on construction project performance for design-bid-build projects using empirical data. Therefore, this study aims to present a predictive model that illustrates the correlation between project characteristics, managerial/organizational complexity and difficulties, and construction project performance. Project data relating to the construction of 101 public schools within a developing country was collected. Subsequently, the project characteristics were identified, and two performance indicators (schedule performance index and cost performance index) were calculated for each project. A survey was conducted with construction professionals who took part in all of the control and management processes of these school projects to evaluate their managerial and organizational difficulties. Hierarchical regression model approach and correlation analyses were employed to develop the predictor model. The results indicate that factors such as location, school type, and project duration significantly predict both the schedule performance and managerial and organizational difficulties in school construction. An indirect correlation, rather than a direct association, was found between schedule performance and managerial and organizational difficulties. The proposed model will be a helpful guide for construction professionals, engineering managers and government decision-makers seeking to improve the performance of "design-bid-build" school construction projects. We suggest integrating the qualification-based selection (QBS) system into traditional procurement methods for public investments.

Quantifying the Impact of Technology Utilization on Schedule and Cost Performance in Construction Projects

Quantifying the Impact of Technology Utilization on Schedule and Cost Performance in Construction Projects

Human Capital Turnover in the Construction Industry: A Review with Focus on Archies Construction Pvt. Ltd

This present research focuses on identifying the reasons behind the high rates of turnover among staff at Archies Construction Pvt Ltd and how the problem can be solved. Retirement, voluntary or forced termination is equally costly within the construction business as it heavily affects schedule, cost and organizational performance. This research also studies the internal factors referring to human capital theory, namely job satisfaction, reward, and promotion, management support, and the coercive factors including market trends and fluctuations, competition, and regulation. Employing survey and qualitative interviewing methods, the study combines the closed, quantitative survey data collected from employees and qualitative data obtained from the interviews with current and former employees of the company. The study brings out several internal factors that are important drivers of turnover such as lack of satisfaction with leaders, absence of career development in organizations, and poor employee remuneration. The problem is further compounded by external forces like the competition witnessed when seeking for the qualified personnel and the volatility of the market forces. The assessment points out that high turnover rates raise costs of hiring and training, impact project duration and employees’ morale thereby diminishing a firm’s stability. In response to these challenges, it is suggested that the following retention strategies should be adopted: it is proposed that leadership should communicate more effectively with employees; organizations should provide enhanced career progression plans for staff; and organizations should ensure that rewards and remuneration given to employees are competitive. Moreover, an enhancement of the degrees of employee engagement and supportiveness of workplace climate could enhance employee turnover. In other words, by managing both internal and external sources of turnover, it is possible for Archies Construction to maintain a stable workforce, exhibit sound labor productivity and, therefore, improve its performance on projects in general and its financial performance in specific. The study enhances the existing knowledge on HCM in industries that rely on projects and offers best practices for addressing turnover. Further research could focus on changes in economic or technological factors pertaining to workforce retention in the construction industry.

EVALUATION OF TIME AND COST PERFORMANCE ON THE GX OFFICE & CO WORKING BALI PROJECT USING THE EARNED VALUE METHOD

In rapid construction developments, delays still occur frequently and have not been resolved, as experienced by the GX Office & Co Working Bali project. The project will be completed in 42 weeks, but in the 27th week, there is an indication of a delay of -4.31% from the initial plan. Earned Value Method (EVM) is a time and cost performance assessment method that can be used to develop strategies to minimize delays. This research aims to evaluate the time and cost performance of the GX Office & Co Working Bali project using the EVM method. A quantitative approach is used to collect and analyze project schedules, actual costs, and progress reports. EVM key indicators such as Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), and Actual Cost (AC) are analyzed to determine Schedule Variance (SV), Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), and Cost Performance Index (CPI). The results showed that the project experienced delays, especially from week 1 to week 14 and week 19 to week 27, with SPI values mostly below 1. However, the project showed increased efficiency in cost management with values CPI above one after week 14 to week 27, indicating that the actual costs incurred are lower than the value of the work completed. These findings highlight the need for corrective actions and more effective management strategies to address delays efficiently in terms of costs.

Earned Value Analysis Terhadap Biaya dan Waktu pada Proyek Pembangunan Gudang Produksi PP. Indopack Printing Nganjuk

Earned Value Analysis is a technique of analyzing cost and time to obtain the performance achieved per time on a project, so that users are able to predict the cost and time required to complete the remaining project work. The prediction is calculated with the assumption that the performance of completing the rest of the project will be the same and constant as the performance obtained when the review was conducted. Thus, a system is needed to integrate cost and time information. The Earned Value concept is an analysis used in project management by integrating cost and time. The results show the value of Cost Variance (CV) week 16 during the review of Rp.1,995,516,896, Schedule Variance (SV) of Rp.-162,490,873 which shows there is no cost overrun in implementation but the schedule is not according to plan. While the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) value of 0.994 < 1 and Cost Performance Index (CPI) of 1.070 means that the project is delayed but still profitable. The results of the analysis of the costs required to complete the remaining project Estimate To Complate (ETC) at week 16 review with a value of Rp. 19,270,138,044. While the results of the analysis of the amount of time required to complete the Estimate To Schedule (ETS) project amounted to 126.76 with a rounding of 127 days.

ANALYSIS OF COST AND TIME PERFORMANCE ON THE EAST SURABAYA HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING THE EARNED VALUE METHOD

The construction of the East Surabaya Hospital is a multiyear project, starting from 2023 to 2024. The project has a contract value of Rp. This 494,603,098,000 is funded by the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of the Surabaya City Government. This research aims to analyze the cost and time performance of the project. The method used is the earned value method. The results of the cost and time performance analysis using the Earning Value method show that the cost performance and time performance of the East Surabaya Hospital Construction in the 22nd (twenty-second) week is considered not good. This result is shown by the Cost Variance value of Rp. - 608,118,565 and Schedule Variance value Rp. - 44,410,784,255. The Cost Performance Index value of 0.996 and the Schedule Performance Index value of 0.76 also shows that the cost and time performance of this project in the 22nd (twenty-second) week is not in good condition.

Time Performance Analysis Using Earned Value on the Construction of the Aranaway Kiram Bridge in Banjar Baru City

When implementing a project in the field, it is fairly uncommon for numerous projects to be delayed or even halted. This also has an impact on project cost escalation, resulting in project losses. Earned value analysis can help manage construction projectsefficiently and effectively. The results value analysis was done to estimate the extent to which the project was carried out according to the work plan. This assessment was performed on the Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction project in Banjarbaru City. The project was aimed to determine weekly time performance and project completion time. The method employed was earned value analysis. According to the results of the analysis method (earned value analysis), the results from the 3rdto the 18thweek experienced delays, as evidenced by the performance of the Schedule Variance (SV) which was Negative (-) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) which was less than 1, but work accelerated in the 19th week of the Banjarbaru City Aranaway Kiram Bridge Construction Project, as evidenced by the SV performance which was Positive (+) and SPI greater than 1. The research results estimated the project's completion time as 253 days.

Time and Cost Management in Water Resources Projects Utilizing the Earned Value Method

Today, the development of infrastructure and construction projects in developing countries is of paramount importance. Water projects, in particular, play a crucial role in advancing agriculture, industry, and the economy. The success of these projects hinges on the effective management of time, cost, and quality. The most critical indicator of a project's success is its completion within the forecasted time and budget leading up to its operation. This study aims to assess the impact of Earned Value Management (EVM) 's impact on managing project schedules and budgets in water resource projects. The earned value method was employed to ascertain if the project was ahead or behind schedule and whether the costs were within the budget or had overrun. The values of the Earned Value Index were analyzed at three stages of project implementation. Examining the Schedule Variance (SV) at various phases indicates that a lower percentage is more advantageous for the project. Initially, the SV was 40%, signaling a delay mainly due to the delayed start of operations in the injection gallery and access points. This improved to 25% in the second stage, with the commencement of previously lagging activities. The schedule variance decreased to 11.6% in the final stage, aligning closer to the project schedule's end. Additionally, the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) value, which reflects the efficiency of project management in terms of timeliness, improved from a weak start of 0.6 to 0.88 (with 1.0 indicating that project performance is on target).

SP-DG: A programmable packet-level scheduling for queuing delay guarantees in time-critical networks

Time-critical applications, such as remote surgery, virtual reality, and automatic driving, impose stringent requirements for minimizing delay and jitter. The queuing delay at forwarding nodes significantly affects application traffic. To tackle this challenge, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) techniques have been proposed to ensure deterministic queuing delay. However, existing deterministic solutions, including the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) and the Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (CQF) model, encounter limitations due to their reliance on precise synchronization and dedicated forwarding plane devices. In this paper, we present a novel solution: the Strict Priority queuing model with a queuing Delay Guarantees (SP-DG), specifically designed for programmable forwarding planes. This model introduces an upper bound on the queuing delay for packets at each switch, effectively characterizing their distinct queuing delay requirements. By utilizing exponential smoothing to predict traffic intensity, packets are intelligently scheduled to appropriate queues based on their upper-bound queuing delay requirements. Our Netbench simulation and P4 software switch experiments demonstrate that the proposed SP-DG algorithm, compared to the state-of-the-art SP-based queue scheduling algorithms, achieves superior performance in delay-bounded queue scheduling.

EVALUASI WAKTU DAN BIAYA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN PUSKESMAS TALUN Kab. BLITAR

The Earned Value approach is employed to meticulously track project time and expenses, facilitating early identification of performance issues. Specifically, the construction project for the community health center in Talun, Blitar, encountered variations during the 11th to 13th weeks. Upon doing an analysis in the 13th week, it was discovered that the Schedule Variance (SV) amounted to IDR. -165,313,862.5, suggesting that the actual employment (BCWP) was lower than the anticipated employment (BCWS). The Cost Variance (CV) is Rp. 286,761,471.2, showing that the cost is less than the value of the work accomplished. The SPI (Schedule Performance Index) for week 13 was 0.7, signifying a significant delay in the execution of the project. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) recorded a value of 3.64 in week 13, suggesting that spending efficiency fell short of the budgeted target.

Three-way decision based island harmony search algorithm for robust flow-shop scheduling with uncertain processing times depicted by big data

This paper discusses an uncertain two-machine permutation flow-shop scheduling problem (2PFSP) with total weighted tardiness and common due date. Uncertain processing times are described by a large set of discrete scenarios, which is a type of big data. The objective is to minimize the schedule performance under the worst-case scenario. Identifying the worst-case scenario for each evaluated schedule is quite time-consuming in the situation that the scenario set size is large so that the objective evaluation might be computationally expensive. To handle this difficulty, three-way decision is used to preprocess the large-size scenario set to get a reduced scenario set so that the concept of surrogate worst-case scenario is adopted. A hybrid harmony search algorithm of combining three-island framework and the scenario-based local search is developed to solve the discussed problem. Based on the single-scenario knowledge of 2PFSP, a problem-specific scenario-dependent neighborhood structure is constructed under the surrogate worst-case scenario. An extensive experiment was carried out. The computational results show that the application of surrogate worst-case scenario based on three-way decision is effective in reducing the time consuming while keeping schedule performance evaluation. Being compared to the worst-case scenario objective evaluation, for an example in the case of the middle bad-scenario ratio, the surrogate worst-case scenario objective evaluation made the solution algorithm save 12.95 % in average CPU time for all instances while the relative performance difference is only 1.809 % in average. Being compared to possible alternative algorithms derived from the state-of-the-art algorithms, the developed algorithm is advantageous for the addressed problems.

Financial resource scheduling and road construction projects performance in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya

Kenya has seen a boom in road building during the last couple of years as a result of the government's significant investments in the construction industry to upgrade infrastructure, such as road networks. Road network construction is one of the key pillar of the country long term vision 2030. However, the performance of the road projects has experienced various challenges leaving some roads uncompleted, others poorly done after huge investment of public resources. This study sought to evaluate the influence of financial resources scheduling on the performance of road construction projects in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya. The research was based on resource dependence theory. A descriptive design as well as the cross-sectional survey was used. The population of interest for this study consisted of 39 road construction projects being implemented by Kenya Urban Roads Authority and Kenya National Highway Authority within the Nairobi metropolitan area. A semi structured questionnaire was utilized to collect primary data. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results revealed projects resource scheduling had a positive and significant effect on project performance of road construction projects in Nairobi Metropolitan, Kenya. The study concludes that effective financial resource scheduling enables that organization to manage risk that may occur from changes in the project’s outcome. Financial resource scheduling starts from developing the project budget which is a process for allocating administered and departmental funds necessary to build a financial foundation for producing stated project deliverables.

A Review of Time-Series Forecasting Algorithms for Industrial Manufacturing Systems

Time-series forecasting is crucial in the efficient operation and decision-making processes of various industrial systems. Accurately predicting future trends is essential for optimizing resources, production scheduling, and overall system performance. This comprehensive review examines time-series forecasting models and their applications across diverse industries. We discuss the fundamental principles, strengths, and weaknesses of traditional statistical methods such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES), which are widely used due to their simplicity and interpretability. However, these models often struggle with the complex, non-linear, and high-dimensional data commonly found in industrial systems. To address these challenges, we explore Machine Learning techniques, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These models offer more flexibility and adaptability, often outperforming traditional statistical methods. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of hybrid models, which combine the strengths of different methods to achieve improved prediction performance. These hybrid models result in more accurate and robust forecasts. Finally, we discuss the potential of newly developed generative models such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for time-series forecasting. This review emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate model based on specific industry requirements, data characteristics, and forecasting objectives.

Estimated Cost And Time For Completion Of The Bali GX Office And Co Working Project Using The Earned Value Method

The GX Office & Co Working Bali construction project faced significant delays in the 27th week with a deviation of -4.31%, which could result in increased costs and delays in completion. So, an effective solution is needed to overcome project delays and ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget. This research aims to examine the application of the Earned Value Method (EVM) in evaluating the performance of the GX Office & Co Working Bali project by calculating the Estimated Temporary Schedule (ETS), Estimated All Schedule (EAS), Estimate Temporary Cost (ETC) and Estimate All Completion (EAC). The research uses descriptive quantitative methods by collecting data from weekly project progress reports, actual costs, and planned values. Data analysis was carried out by calculating Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), Actual Cost (AC), Cost Performance Index (CPI), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), ETS, EAS, ETC, and EAC. The research results show an ETS value of 114 days with an EAS of 303 days. So, there is an additional time of 9 days from the planned schedule. ETC results amounted to IDR 3,723,631,710.12, with EAC amounting to IDR 7,699,818,710.12. So, the cost of completing the project is lower than planned, with a difference of IDR 2,545,727,760.88. The results of this research contribute to the project management literature by showing the effectiveness of EVM in identifying deviations and the basis for making strategic policies needed so that projects can be completed on time according to plan.

Construction and Application of a Modern Comprehensive Education Management System in Universities Aimed at Fostering Virtue Through Education

The modern educational landscape in colleges and universities demands efficient and dynamic management systems to handle the ever-increasing complexities of student enrollment, course scheduling, and academic performance assessment. In response to these challenges, this research project introduces a novel approach to education management through the application of Artificial Intelligence. By continuously developing through continuous improvement and optimization, this system is expected to provide modern higher education institutions with a path to sustainable development and a path to improve students' moral character and talents. This research provides higher education administrators and policymakers with valuable insights into how to address today's educational challenges.

Analysis of The Effectiveness of Earned Value Method In Road Widening Project Management In Mojokerto Regency

In construction project management, achieving three main goals, namely cost, quality, and time, becomes the primary focus. This study aims to evaluate a road widening project in Mojokerto Regency with a target completion time of 150 days. To prevent delays and cost overruns, researchers adopted the Earned Value method as a tool to identify early warnings regarding project performance. This method integrates cost and time measurements through indicators such as Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Variance (SV), Cost Performance Index (CPI), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), Estimated at Completion (EAC), and Estimated Schedule at Completion (EAC). The analysis results show that the additional costs required (ETC) amounted to Rp 3,276,704,110.14, with an estimated additional time (ETS) up to the 12th week being 87 days. The project's cost change (EAC) reached Rp 3,961,767,811.01 from the contract cost, while the estimated project completion time (EAS) was 171 days. These findings indicate that the construction service provider has implemented an efficient execution method with consistent monitoring, ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

Beyond the Liberal/Non-Liberal: Reclaiming Secularism in the Palestinian Society

Abstract In August 2019, the local council of Umm al-Fahem, Israel, cancelled a scheduled performance of the known Palestinian rapper Tamer Nafar, claiming that Nafar’s artistic work did not meet with the town’s accepted religious, moral, and social norms. Subsequently, residents of the town and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, petitioned the Court against the local council’s interference with Nafar’s freedom of artistic expression. Significantly, Nafar was not among the petitioners. The Court concurred with the petitioners, determining that the local council had no authority to interfere with Nafar’s artistic content, and if there was concern regarding detrimental effects on public peace or security, police security should be provided for the event. Despite this ruling from an Israeli court, Nafar refused to perform in Umm al-Fahm. Instead, he accepted an invitation for dialogue with the conservative non-liberal forces within Umm al-Fahm council, a dialogue that resulted in reconciliation. I argue that Nafar’s decision, as a liberal subject to choose dialogue with non-liberal forces in Palestinian society embodies the conceptual foundations of post-secularism, which extend beyond the binary of liberal/non liberal divisions and binaries and pave the way for internal dialogue between religious and secular actors. It constructs a platform for liberal subjects in Palestinian society to be heard in the public Palestinian sphere, providing social and political alternatives to the violent authority of Israeli law.

ANALYSIS OF TIME AND COST CONTROL IN AN ASRAMA HAJI PONTIANAK BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING THE EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS METHOD

Efficient management of construction projects requires meticulous oversight of both time and cost elements. This investigation focuses on employing Earned Value Analysis (EVA) to supervise and regulate the Asrama Haji Pontianak Building Construction Project. EVA furnishes indispensable insights conducive to proactive decision-making by evaluating the project's advancement vis-à-vis predetermined schedules and financial plans. The study critically assesses the utilization of EVA, scrutinizing its efficacy in forecasting project outcomes, detecting deviations, and facilitating prompt corrective measures. A thorough examination of time and cost performance indicators, including the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance Index (CPI), illuminates the project's adherence to established schedules and budgets. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges encountered and the strategies employed in integrating EVA into project management methodologies. From the results of the analysis of the time and cost of the Asrama Haji Pontianak building construction project experiencing a delay of 1 week from the planned time and the estimated total final project cost of Rp. 21.400.271.242,98 is less than the planned cost of Rp. 21.876.433.145,64.The findings enhance the understanding of EVA's role in optimizing time and cost control, offering valuable insights for future construction projects aiming for improved performance and efficiency.