Time Schedule Research Articles

Investigating the Impact of Prolonged Sitting and Lack of Physical Activity on the Musculoskeletal Health of School Students

Background Prolonged sitting and lack of physical activity have become very common issues among school students due to increased screen time and academic schedules. These sedentary behaviors can adversely affect musculoskeletal health, leading to conditions such as poor posture, back pain, and reduced physical fitness. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective interventions to promote healthier lifestyles among these groups. Aims This study aims to investigate the effects of prolonged sitting and insufficient physical activity on the musculoskeletal health of school students. The objectives include identifying common musculoskeletal problems, analysing the correlation between sedentary behaviors and these issues Setting The research was conducted in various schools, encompassing a diverse population of students aged 12-17 years. The schools were selected to represent different socio-economic backgrounds and geographical locations to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Design A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The quantitative component involved the administration of structured questionnaires to gather data on students' sitting habits, physical activity levels, and musculoskeletal complaints. The qualitative component included in-depth interviews with selected students, teachers, and health professionals to gain deeper insights into the causes and effects of sedentary behaviors.

“…WE WERE DETERMINED BY THE UYEZD TO BE IN THE TOWN OF GOROKHOVETS, WHERE WE DID NOT WANT TO BE AT ALL”: THE DISTRICT CENTER IN THE LIFE OF THE PEASANT COMMUNITY (THE CASE OF THE VILLAGE OF PALEKH AT THE TURN OF THE 18th AND 19th CENTURIES)

The study examines the strategies of interaction of the peasant community and manorial administration with the uyezd authorities at the microhistorical level. It is based on the materials of the archive of the Buturlins’ Palekh manor, i.e. expenditure books and primary documentation on travel expenses, duty receipts of the uyezd authorities and community sentences. Upon studying the legislative base and practice, the author concludes that peasants almost did not deviate from legislative norms. They tried to optimize their expenses, for example, they did not resort to the uyezd court or they visited the town for several cases at the same time. The article reconstructs the schedule and approximate travel time consumption, examines which officials and peasants were involved in interaction with the uyezd authorities depending on the situation. The author establishes that a considerable part of the time of the manorial administration was spent on traveling to the uyezd town. She estimates the transport costs of Palekh residents to the neighboring towns — Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Vladimir and Shuya. The main criterion of convenience of a uyezd town for peasants was reliability of the way to it and its proximity to their village. Th e case of the administrative reform in 1796–1797 in Vladimir guberniya allows us to consider how Palekh residents tried to prevent their manor from being assigned to a less attractive uyezd town. It is proved that peasants’ attempts could not succeed, because the reform was carried out at the guberniya level (while peasants appealed to the uyezd authorities), and the decisions were made before peasants tried to intervene. The author concludes that the legislation in the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries worked in favor of peasants and it was aimed at reducing transportation costs for them, but their opinion was not taken into account in the formation of specific administrative boundaries.

Analysis of The Earned Value Analysis Method In Construction Projects of Pulantan River Embankment

In the process of a development project, numerous things need to be considered. The time control method used in this research was the Earned Value Analysis method. This research was conducted at the Pulantan River Embankment Improvement Project, Banjarbaru City. The data used in this research include the Time Schedule, Cost Budget Plan, and Weekly Progress Report. This data generates Planned Value and Earned Value. With the help of the Microsoft Excel program, the SV, SPI values, as well as the predicted final project completion time (TEAC and TE) were obtained. The analysis of the timing of the Pulantan River Embankment Improvement project in Banjarbaru City showed that in terms of implementation time, there will be a delay in the work plan schedule with an SPI value below (Negative) <1.00. As of the 25th week, the SPI value is 0.93. The estimated remaining work implementation time from week 25 is 2 weeks of implementation time. The estimated total time for completion of the Pulantan River Embankment Improvement Project in Banjarbaru City is 27 weeks which is 2 weeks longer than the contracted plan schedule of 25 weeks.

Optimal design of bus schedule timing based on PID system

With more and more attention paid to the concept of low-carbon travel, public transport has gradually become the mainstream mode of travel. Nowadays many people will choose bus as a means of transportation. But how to make a reasonable bus departure schedule is a very complicated problem. Sometimes the departure interval is long, which leads to passengers having to wait for a long time, and sometimes there are not many passengers or even empty cars, resulting in a waste of resources. The purpose of this paper is to create a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controlled automated control system, which can adjust the bus departure schedule by the number of passengers on the bus in real time, to make a more reasonable bus schedule. Shorten the departure interval when the number of people is large and extend the departure interval when the number of people is small. This can greatly reduce the waiting time for passengers and reduce the waste of public resources when there are fewer people.

Factors Affecting Operating Room Scheduling Accuracy for Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study.

Optimizing operating room (OR) scheduling accuracy is important for improving OR efficiency and maximizing value of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, data on factors that may impact TKA OR scheduling accuracy are limited. A retrospective review of 7655 knee arthroplasties (6999 primary TKAs and 656 revision TKAs) performed between January 2020 and May 2023 was conducted. Patient baseline characteristics, surgeon experience (years in practice), as well as actual vs scheduled OR times were collected. Actual OR times that were at least 15% shorter or longer than scheduled OR times were considered to be clinically important. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the influence of specific patient and surgeon factors on OR scheduling inaccuracies. Using adjusted odds ratio, patients with primary TKA who had a lower body mass index (P<.001) were independently associated with overestimation of scheduled surgical time. Conversely, younger age (P<.001), afternoon procedure start time (P<.001), surgeons with less than 10 years of experience (P=.037), and higher patient body mass index (P<.001) were associated with underestimation of scheduled surgical time. For revision TKA, female sex (P=.021) and morning procedure start time (P=.038) were associated with overestimation of scheduled surgical time, while surgeons with less than 10 years of experience (P=.014) and patients who underwent spinal/epidural/block anesthesia (P=.038) were associated with underestimation of scheduled surgical time. This study highlights patient, surgeon, and intraoperative variables that impact the accuracy of scheduling for TKA procedures. Health systems should take these variables into consideration when creating OR schedules to fully optimize resources and available space. [Orthopedics. 2024;47(5):313-319.].

A Conceptual Study on Rogaha Sarvepi Mandagnau (Mandagni is the Root Cause of all Diseases)

“Swasthasya swasthya rakshanam, Aturasya vikara prasamanam ca” is main goal of Ayurveda which means to protect and maintain Swasthya (wellness) of a healthy person and to treat diseases of diseased. Ayurveda given many fundamental concepts like, Tridosha, Sroatasa, Agni, Dhatu, Mala, Ojasa etc. Among them Agni is regarded as one of the fundamental concepts that controls how the human body functions physiologically and responsible for maintaining good health. Agni controls the genesis and dissolution of the universe as well as metabolism and catabolism of an organism. It is described by Acarya that Agni is responsible for strength and life exists due to proper functioning of Agni. We find that almost all diseases in the Ayurveda are an outcome of Mandagni (impaired digestion). Mandagni is the state of Agni which cannot digest even little quantity of food in the scheduled time. The aim of this article is to provide light on the physiological and aspects of Agni, as well as its function.

Literasi Keagamaan Katolik dan CharacterBuilding Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan “Barries and Challenges”

This research based on the problems about catholic religion literacy, impact, obstacles and challenges toward students’ character building in vocational school. This research aimed to be solution for Catholic religion literacy at school which bring impact to the students’ character building at vocational school in Pontianak. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The sources of the data were primary data, they were the result of interview and the secondary data were the result of observation of Catholic religion literacy. The finding of the researchs howed the process of Catholic religion literacy started from some stages, start from the schedule of Catholic religion literacy, time and place of literacy activity, and the people involve in the literacy activity and the media used. The literacy activity such as reading activity, material session, and catholic religion literacy assessment. The religion literacy at vocational school brought good impact to the students. The result of the religion Catholic activity raised the reading interest, found the source of religion references on the media, and gave impact toward students’ character building to be better.

Analysis of the Application of Hollow Core Slab to Cost and Time Efficiency in High Rise Building Construction Project

The floor slab is one of the factors that affect the cost and duration of construction projects because it has the largest volume of work among other jobs. The selection of the method of implementation of floor slab work also affects the efficiency of development. The use of precast slabs can be an alternative to conventional floor slabs because of their potential to increase cost efficiency, speed up implementation time, and increase structural durability. In this study, a comparative analysis of cost efficiency and scheduling time of precast hollow core slab (HCS) method as an alternative to conventional slabs was conducted, using primary data obtained from the project and in accordance with government regulations. Time analysis and scheduling were calculated with the help of Microsoft Project software and determination of plate work items. As for the cost analysis, it is calculated based on the literature and applicable regulations to get real results by field conditions. Based on the analysis, it is known that the implementation of the 4-storey building slab work with the alternative precast slab method takes 8 days and costs Rp. 1,691,887,497. While the conventional slab method takes 38 days with a total cost of Rp. 2,276,920,601.

Soundscape characteristics of RAS tanks holding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during feeding and feed withdrawal

Behavioural monitoring can provide crucial information on welfare and feeding in aquaculture. Passive acoustic monitoring of behaviour can be particularly useful in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), as they often have turbid water that impairs visual monitoring. Currently, little is known about the sounds that make up the soundscapes in RAS tanks holding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In this study, hydrophones were used to continuously record the soundscape in eight single tank RAS holding Atlantic salmon parr for 15 days, with the fish in four of the tanks being fasted by feed withdrawal for five days from the sixth to the tenth day. The results show that soundscapes in RAS tanks are affected by feeding. Two main sound sources were identified during feeding in RAS tanks, one related to pellets delivery and the other to fish behaviour. The sound of pellets hitting the water surface had energy concentrated at frequencies between 1.7 and 4.0 kHz, with peak frequency decreasing and amplitude increasing with increasing number of pellets hitting simultaneously. The feeding sounds of Atlantic salmon had energy concentrated at frequencies between 6.5 and 9.4 kHz.More complex soundscapes were recorded during feeding events. These were characterized by variations in amplitude and frequency that have been described by using acoustic indexes in RAS tanks for the very first time. The Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), the Acoustic Entropy Index (H) and the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NDSI) showed distinct changes in the soundscape related to feeding events; ACI increased while H and NDSI decreased compared to the times in between scheduled feeding times. The sound types identified in this study and the outcomes of the acoustic indices indicate a possibility to monitor system performance as well as fish behaviour in the tank soundscapes in RAS. Soundscape monitoring can contribute to match feeding closer to fish appetite, improve water quality, and reduce risks that deviations in the system performance can have on fish welfare during production.

Reflectance confocal microscopy for plaque psoriasis therapeutic follow-up during an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody: an observational study

Interleukin-17A therapeutic inhibitors are among the most effective treatment methods for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (PP). Reflectance confocal microscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique already documented to be beneficial in evaluating the follow-up of PP under treatment with topical actives and phototherapy. This study aimed to assess the epidermal and dermal changes associated with psoriasis and its treatment with RCM during systemic secukinumab treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe PP. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate RCM as a non-invasive tool for monitoring secukinumab treatment in patients with PP. For patients receiving secukinumab treatment, lesional skin was selected for RCM imaging, which were recorded at all scheduled times. The RCM evaluation criteria were established based on the histopathological diagnostic criteria for psoriasis. The clinical severity of psoriasis was assessed utilizing the psoriasis area severity index. A total of 23 patients with PP were included in the study. Each patient received 300 mg of subcutaneous secukinumab as induction therapy at baseline and weeks 1–4, followed by maintenance therapy every four weeks. Microscopic confocal changes were observed during the treatment. The results identified early microscopic evidence of the anti-inflammatory activity of secukinumab, which was not detected during the clinical examination. RCM findings correlating with the PASI were used to observe the patient’s response to treatment and were identified as follows: acanthosis and parakeratosis, presence of epidermal and dermal inflammatory cells, presence of non-edge dermal papillae, and vascularization in the papillary dermis. This study is the first to demonstrate the use of RCM as an effective tool for non-invasive monitoring of secukinumab therapeutic response at a cellular level in a clinical or research setting. Early detection of RCM parameters associated with secukinumab activity may facilitate the identification of an early treatment response. RCM appears to be capable of providing practical and helpful information regarding follow-up in patients with PP undergoing secukinumab treatment. RCM may also provide novel perspectives on the subclinical evaluation of PP’s response to biological therapy.

Modeling Enterprise Software with UAF

AbstractSystems and Software Engineers often have an uneasy relationship. The job of the systems engineer is to work with the stakeholders to define a set of requirements that meet their needs. These are then allocated to various solution spaces such as electronic hardware, mechanical, procedural, and software among others. For many systems, the functional requirements are almost exclusively software requirements. Correspondingly, as an increasing amount of project manpower, schedule time, and budget are allocated to software, it becomes increasingly important that systems and software engineers communicate effectively. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) has helped in this regard in that it can provide executable behavioral models with precise semantics to express software requirements in a model. These models define “What is required” without overly constraining the implementation. In addition, SysML can be used to define performance constraints, required concurrency, hardware memory and processor budgets, interfaces, safety critical requirements, etc. These aspects are essential for software engineers to understand the constraints and limitations of their environment. At the System of Systems (SoS)/Enterprise level, defining software/systems employs a similar pattern, but at a higher level of abstraction. In the Unified Architecture Framework, capabilities are defined for the enterprise, with systems and software allocated to realize the capabilities. In the same way that capabilities depend on one another, the implementing systems and software interact to support each other. In the past, enterprise software would be modeled as residing in mainframes in a federated software pattern. Modern software can be modeled throughout the enterprise in a distributed network that can adapt to the changing needs of the enterprise to do load leveling, dynamic and late binding, reconfiguration, and reallocation of hardware resources as necessary. If the domain includes the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT), then deployment could include edge devices, embedded software, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), PCs, servers, cloud computing, and of course mainframes. The Object management Group (OMG) Data Distribution Services (DDS) standard enables these capabilities across these devices in a universal format implemented by multiple vendors. However, before this complex system of systems can be implemented, it must first be architected and designed to ensure that it will be fit for purpose both now and as the complex system of systems expands and evolves. This paper will examine the aspects of modeling software in the UAF, and how it can help guide enterprise and system and software architecture.

Enabling Space-Based Computed Cloud Tomography with a Mixed Integer Linear Programming Scheduler

Cumuliform clouds in Earth’s lower atmosphere play important roles in the radiative balance and hydrological cycle of the climate system. Yet key processes unfolding in these clouds, such as aerosol interactions and precipitation initiation, are still poorly understood. Current space-based cloud observation methods are inadequate for inferring the internal structure of clouds outside of a narrow transect that is probed actively by radar and lidar. Cloud tomography is an emerging technique that uses passive imaging of a cloud target from multiple locations with a large angular range to infer internal cloud structure. Many low convective clouds only have a lifetime of 15–25 min, necessitating autonomous scheduling of observation targets as they appear. Onboard autonomous scheduling is formulated as a mixed-integer optimization problem (MILP) with a finite time horizon and a reward scheme designed to maximize the angular range of the observations. A finite time horizon MILP scheduler is well suited to this mission because the short lifetime of low convective clouds creates a natural time horizon. This MILP can solve for an optimal observation schedule in a maximum time of 15 ms on a desktop CPU. The MILP scheduler is able to observe nearly 60% more targets than a conventional push-broom camera configuration. This initial result is promising and demonstrates the need for continued research in this area.

Low-dose exogenous melatonin plus evening dim light and time in bed scheduling advances circadian phase irrespective of measured or estimated dim light melatonin onset time: preliminary findings.

The purpose of the present study was to preliminarily evaluate whether knowing the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) time is advantageous when treating delayed sleep-wake phase disorder with low-dose melatonin treatment plus behavioral interventions (ie, evening dim light and time in bed scheduling). In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, 40 adults with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of 0.5 mg timed to be administered either 3 hours before the DLMO (measured DLMO group, n = 20) or 5 hours before sleep-onset time per actigraphy (estimated DLMO group, n = 20), in conjunction with behavioral interventions. The primary outcome was change in the DLMO (measured in-home). Secondary outcomes included sleep parameters per diary and actigraphy (sleep-onset and -offset times and total sleep time), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, PROMIS-Sleep Disturbance, PROMIS-Sleep Related Impairment, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Mixed-effects models tested for group differences in these outcome. After applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (significant P value set at < .004), there were significant main effects for visit on all outcomes except for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and total sleep time per wrist actigraphy and diary. There were no group-by-visit interactions for any of the outcomes (P > .004). Scheduled low-dose melatonin plus behavioral interventions may improve many circadian and sleep parameters regardless of whether melatonin administration is scheduled based on estimated or measured DLMO. A larger-scale trial is needed to confirm these preliminary findings. Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: The Clinical Utility of Measuring the Circadian Clock in Treatment of Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03715465; Identifier: NCT03715465. Swanson LM, de Sibour T, DuBuc K, etal. Low-dose exogenous melatonin plus evening dim light and time in bed scheduling advances circadian phase irrespective of measured or estimated dim light melatonin onset time: preliminary findings. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(7):1131-1140.

Navigating Patient Flow: Assessing the Bottlenecks in Out-Patient Services in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Abstract Introduction: Patient flow in hospital outpatient departments (OPDs) is affected by bottlenecks arising from patient load and service capacity mismatch. We evaluated OPD service bottlenecks at a medical college in India by measuring patient flow and service delivery rates and examined possible associations between the service rate and sociodemographic variables. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-two eligible patients in the queue were selected by systematic random sampling from general medicine, respiratory medicine, general surgery, and orthopedic OPDs. Structured interview schedules and checklists were used to gather required information. Waiting times and service delivery rates were compared statistically. Results: Most patients were newly registered (63.89%) and visited the institute directly (87.30%). Surgery had the highest number of doctors. In all OPDs, patient flow exceeded the doctor service rate; the orthopedic OPD had the longest waiting time to see a doctor (85.71% of total time). Patients attending the surgery OPD had the least waiting time and maximum consultation time (25.62% and 65.88% of the total time, respectively). Waiting and consultation times varied significantly between the OPDs. In respiratory medicine, patients took a significantly longer time to consult (P = 0.032). Conclusions: The study recommends facilitating properly scheduled consultation times, rearrangement of infrastructure, and a larger healthcare workforce in OPDs.

Ripples in the Water: Physical Education Teacher Education Program Influence on Graduates’ Perceptions of Expanded Physical Activity Programming

Physical educators are often asked to promote whole-school physical activity programming beyond their scheduled class times. Previous research has supported that training in expanded roles would be beneficial during university-based physical education teacher education (PETE) training. In this qualitative study, 13 graduates from a single PETE program that has integrated expanded physical activity into programming shared information about their current programming as physical education teachers in K–12 schools. Campus visits and one-on-one interviews were included. Some practices and values learned during participants’ PETE training were evident in graduates’ current practices. Aligning with previous studies of professional socialization of physical educators, the resulting themes concluded that (a) strategies and resources gained during PETE training were valued and still used and (b) other ripples of influence, such as administrators and other teachers at their current placement, influenced programming. PETE programming with whole-school physical activity can lead to expanded teaching practices in schools.

Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Enhanced Internet of Medical Things.

The incredible potentiality of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in addressing power supply and obstacle environment of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has been capturing our interest. Considering the nettlesome "double-fading" effect introduced by passive RIS, we investigate an active RIS-enhanced IoMT system in this article, where the wireless power transfer (WPT) from power station (PS) to IoMT devices and the wireless information transfer (WIT) from IoMT devices to the access point (AP) are both implemented with the assistance of active RIS. Aiming to maximize the sum throughput of the considered IoMT system, a joint design of time schedules and reflecting coefficient matrices of the active RIS is proposed. Trapped by the non-convex and obstinate optimization problem, we explore the semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation and successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques based on alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. Simulation results verify our solution approach to the intractable optimization problem and showcase the boosted spectrum and energy efficiency of the active RIS-enhanced IoMT system.

Implementasi Augmented Reality sebagai Media Informasi Jadwal Penggunaan Ruang Laboratorium di Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta

Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY) operates several computer laboratory rooms used daily by students according to their scheduled times. Sometimes, these rooms experience sudden schedule changes, causing conflicts with other room bookings. This research aims to employ an Augmented Reality (AR)-based application for monitoring the dynamic schedule of lab room usage. The method utilizes a marker-based AR application, tested through black box implementation. The application successfully reads markers at distances of 10–90 cm, tilt angles of 10–80 degrees, and light intensities ranging from 40 to 250 lux. Under these conditions, the markers are readable, and the application responds by displaying virtual objects. Users of the lab rooms can utilize this AR application to identify changes in the scheduled usage plans at UTY as they occur.

The Impact of Maternal BMI on Time of Transvaginal Cervical Imaging

Introduction: Ultrasound is an integral part of obstetrical care and obesity has been shown to decrease the accuracy of ultrasound examination in high-risk pregnancy (Tsai et al, 2015). Obesity decreases the fidelity of ultrasound, as decreased visualization is seen with increasing depth of abdominal adipose tissue (Paladini, 2009). While maternal obesity has been shown to detrimentally impact anatomical ultrasound, the effects of obesity on the performance of transvaginal ultrasound are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate if obesity has an effect on the time required to obtain transvaginal cervical length. Methods: Retrospective chart review between January 2016-January 2022 identified patients with cervical shortening (&lt;2.5 cm) at the time of mid-trimester anatomical ultrasound scans. Scans were performed at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Department at Promedica Toledo Hospital between 16- and 24-weeks gestation. Patient BMI was recorded at the time of ultrasound and divided into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and non-obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m²) categories. Time to complete transvaginal ultrasound imaging was recorded in both patient populations and compared. Results: 216 patients met study criteria. Out of the 216, 89 (41%) were obese and 127 (59%) were non-obese. Average BMI of all participants was 29.2 ± 7.4 kg/m². Average time spent on ultrasound for patients with BMI &lt;30 was 13:36 ± 01:28 and for BMI &gt;30 15:34 ± 01:48 (p=0.46). There was no statistical difference between obese and non-obese patients and transvaginal scanning time &gt; 10 minutes (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.719-2.13, p=0.44) Discussion: Our results suggest that the time to obtain cervical length measurements via transvaginal ultrasounds is similar between obese and non-obese patients. Time necessary to perform endovaginal ultrasonography of the cervix does not appear to be affected by maternal BMI. Since length of time necessary to complete transvaginal cervical length measurement does not appear to be affected by maternal BMI, our results suggest that additional scheduling time does not need to be allocated for obese patients. Other investigators have shown that early incorporation of transvaginal assessment of fetal anatomy in obese women improved the rate of survey completion and demonstrated earlier completion of the fetal anatomic evaluation (Toscano et al, 2021). This study encourages the further use of transvaginal ultrasound in obese, obstetrical patients.

Real-time bus arrival delays analysis using seemingly unrelated regression model

AbstractTo effectively manage and control public transport operations, understanding the various factors that impact bus arrival delays is crucial. However, limited research has focused on a comprehensive analysis of bus delay factors, often relying on single-step delay prediction models that are unable to account for the heterogeneous impacts of spatiotemporal factors along the bus route. To analyze the heterogeneous impact of bus arrival delay factors, the paper proposes a set of regression equations conditional on the bus location. A seemingly unrelated regression equation (SURE) model is developed to estimate the regression coefficients, accounting for potential correlations between regression residuals caused by shared unobserved factors among equations. The model is validated using bus operations data from Stockholm, Sweden. The results highlight the importance of developing stop-specific bus arrival delay models to understand the heterogeneous impact of explanatory variables. The significant factors impacting bus arrival delays are primarily associated with bus operations, such as delays at consecutive upstream stops, dwell time, scheduled travel time, recurrent congestion, and current traffic conditions. Factors like the calendar and weather have significant but marginal impacts on arrival delays. The study suggests that different bus operating management strategies, such as schedule adjustments, route optimization, and real-time monitoring and control, should be tailored to the characteristics of stop sections since the impacts of these factors vary depending on the stop location.

Identifying Communication Flow in the Development of Apartment Project X to Enhance Time Performance

This research aims to develop a risk-based communication flow in apartment projects with a focus on improving time performance. The methods employed include surveys and case studies, with data collected through the creation and distribution of questionnaires to experts, along with an analysis of results conducted by Company X. The findings indicate that the communication flow implemented at PT. X has proven to be valid and effective. However, several factors hinder the smooth communication flow, such as inadequate planning and scheduling of work, insufficient communication due to mismatched methods and technologies, inefficient information distribution systems, inadequate project budget planning, lack of resources, incomplete scheduling of time and resources, inappropriate listening and speaking skills, lack of empathy among parties, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, emotional conditions, and lack of mastery of communication techniques. Based on these findings, several actions are recommended to enhance communication flow, including improving planning and scheduling of work, using communication methods and technologies appropriate to field conditions, improving information distribution systems, ensuring project budget planning availability, increasing resources, creating comprehensive time and resource planning, enhancing listening and speaking skills, improving empathy among parties, upgrading facilities and infrastructure, controlling emotional conditions, and enhancing mastery of communication techniques. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that the communication flow in apartment projects can operate more effectively and efficiently, thereby improving overall project time performance.