Training Schedule Research Articles

Effectiveness of blood flow restriction training during a taper phase in basketball players

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effectiveness of blood flow restriction (BFR) training in maintaining athletic performance during a taper phase in basketball players. The taper phase aims to reduce external load while maintaining training intensity. Seventeen experienced basketball players were randomised into two groups: a placebo group (n = 8, 22.0 ± 2.1 years, mean ± SD) and BFR group (n = 9, 21.1 ± 1.5 years). The training schedule included strength trainings, team trainings, individual skill sessions and competitive games. During the 4-week taper period, lifting volume was reduced while either maintaining (placebo) or reducing (BFR) lifting load. The BFR group lifted with 60% arterial occlusion pressure at 25–30% of their 1RM, whereas the placebo group trained at 80% of their 1RM with BFR cuffs inflated to only 20%. Compared to the placebo group, BFR participants improved 5 m (−1.4 ± 1.5% mean ± 95% CI p = 0.03) and 10 m (−1.1 ± 0.5%, p = <0.01) sprint performance along with barbell back squat (9.6 ± 8.0%, p = 0.013) and countermovement jump (1.1 ± 0.8%, p = 0.0035). BFR during the taper phase enabled a reduction in lifting load with no reduction in subsequent performance measures.

Pendidikan Karakter Dan Disiplin Dalam Esktrakurikuler Berkuda Di Pondok Pesantren PKP Al-Hidayah

Character education and discipline are important elements in shaping the superior personality of students, especially in the pesantren environment. This study aims to describe the implementation of character and discipline education through equestrian extracurricular activities at Pondok Pesantren PKP Al-Hidayah. The approach used is qualitative with a descriptive method, involving observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The research results show that horseback riding extracurricular activities not only serve as a means of developing riding skills but also instill character values such as responsibility, honesty, cooperation, and courage. In addition, this activity trains discipline through strict rules related to training schedules, horse care, and adherence to instructors. The implementation of character education and discipline in horseback riding activities is supported by continuous coaching and a conducive pesantren environment. This research concludes that horseback riding extracurricular activities significantly contribute to shaping the character and discipline of students, making it an innovative character education model in Islamic boarding schools. Keywords: character education, discipline, equestrian extracurricular activities, pesantren

Development, implementation and evaluation of consultation case-based learning course to improve the interdisciplinary clinical reasoning ability-a pilot study from nephrology

BackgroundIn modern clinical settings, interdisciplinary clinical reasoning skills and associated education are pivotal and should be encouraged for residency training.MethodsAn interdisciplinary course on clinical reasoning was developed for residents based on ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. We collected frequently encountered consultation cases as our teaching resources with the methods of scenario case-based learning. Finally, consultation case-based learning (CCBL) method was established. At the end of the course, summative evaluations were carried out to test the overall effects with the Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model.ResultsThe ten-week interdisciplinary course were successfully implemented according to the planned training schedule. 26 residents from different majors were included, and 24 of the residents completed the modules and evaluation. Over 90% participants were satisfied with our course, and over 79.2% participants achieved improved interdisciplinary skills. Furthermore, 80% participants reported behavior changes in professional clinical practice after the completion of the course.ConclusionsThe interdisciplinary course based on consultation scenario case-based learning received positive feedback from most residents.

Integrated Optimization of Train Schedules and Transportation Plans for a Passenger–Freight Metro Line

Integrated Optimization of Train Schedules and Transportation Plans for a Passenger–Freight Metro Line

Sleep-wake patterns of fencing athletes: a long-term wearable device study.

Sleep is the most efficient means of recovery for athletes, guaranteeing optimal athletic performance. However, many athletes frequently experience sleep problems. Our study aims to describe the sleep-wake patterns of fencing athletes and determine whether factors, such as sex, competitive level and training schedules, could affect the sleep-wake rhythm. Sleep data from 23 fencing athletes were collected using the Huawei Band 6, monitoring key sleep parameters such as bedtime, wake time, duration of deep and light sleep, wake periods, REM sleep duration, and nap duration. During this period, athletes were required to wear the band continuously for 24 hours daily, except bathing, charging, and competition times. Athletes averaged 7.97 hours of sleep per night, with significant differences observed in wake time (p=0.015) and midpoint of sleep (p=0.048) between high-level and low-level athletes, as well as a higher frequency of naps among high-level (χ2=11.97, p=0.001) and female (χ2=3.88, p=0.049) athletes. Nap duration was negatively correlated with night sleep duration (r=-0.270, p<0.001). Athletes were observed for changes in sleep-wake patterns from Monday to Sunday. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, when there was no morning training, the athletes' wake-up time and the midpoint of sleep were shifted significantly backward, and there were significant differences in sleep parameters between training days and rest days. The sleep patterns of athletes differ according to level and gender. The sleep-wake patterns of athletes are influenced by training schedules, indicating the presence of sleep rhythm disruption.

Time-of-day effects on physical performance and perceptual responses in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes

ABSTRACT This study investigated how the time of day affects physical performance and perceptual responses in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. Given the significance of circadian rhythms on athletic capabilities, we aimed to determine whether performance variations occur across different times of the day (morning, 10:00–11:00h; afternoon, 14:00–15:00h; and evening, 18:00–19:00h) and if these effects differ by sex. In total, 23 BJJ athletes (9 females, 14 males) participated in this study. The athletes performed physical tests including the maximal isometric handgrip strength test (HGS), Kimono Grip Strength Endurance Test (KGST), and a BJJ-specific test (BJJST) in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Perceptual responses (RPE) were also collected before the BJJST. Results showed enhanced physical performance in the evening for most tests, including increased HGS and superior performance in the KGST and BJJST for both sexes (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in perceptual responses (RPE) or between sexes (p > 0.05). We conclude that BJJ athletes generally perform better in the evening compared to other times of the day, with notable improvements in HSG and specific BJJ tests. The study highlights the importance of aligning training schedules with an athlete’s circadian rhythm to optimize performance, leading to more efficient training sessions and improved long-term performance outcomes.

Manajemen Pelatihan Dakwah Santri dalam Menyiapkan Kader Da’i di Pondok Pesantren Ma’ruful Hidayah Kabupaten Garut

The aim of this research is to determine (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) actualizing, (4) monitoring and evaluating santri da'wah training in preparing da'i cadres at the Ma'ruful Hidayah Islamic Boarding School. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the research results, the management of santri da'wah training at the Ma'ruful Hidayah Islamic boarding school obtained data that: (1) Planning: formulating training objectives, identifying training needs, determining training materials, substituting the training curriculum, and determining the time and schedule for da'wah training; (2) Organizing: organizing missionary training needs, division of work, and forming a missionary training committee; (3) Actualization: implementation of the curriculum, implementation of the training model and formation of a da'wah practice group; (4) Supervision and Evaluation: formative supervision and evaluation of the training committee and summative training participants. So it can be concluded that the management of santri da'wah training in preparing da'i cadres at the Ma'rful Hidayah Islamic boarding school has gone well in producing da'i cadres.

Honey bees rely on associative stimulus strength after training on an olfactory transitive inference task.

Transitive inference, the ability to establish hierarchical relationships between stimuli, is typically tested by training with premise pairs (e.g., A + B-, B + C-, C + D-, D + E-), which establishes a stimulus hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E). When subjects are tested with non-adjacent stimuli (e.g., B vs. D), a preference for B indicates transitive inference, while no preference indicates decisions based on stimulus associative strength, as B and D are equally reinforced. Previous studies with bees and wasps, conducted in an operant context, have shown conflicting results. However, this context allows free movement and the possibility to avoid non-reinforced options, thus reducing the number of non-reinforced trials. To address this, we examined whether honey bees could perform transitive inference using a Pavlovian protocol that fully controls reinforcement. We conditioned bees with five odorants, either forward-or backward-paired with a sucrose solution, across four discrimination tasks. In all experiments, bees showed no preference for B over D, choosing equally between them, regardless of the training schedule. Our results show that bees' choices were primarily influenced by stimulus associative strength and a recency effect, with greater weight given to the most recent reinforced or non-reinforced stimulus. We discuss these findings in the context of honey bee memory, suggesting that memory constraints may limit cognitive solutions to transitive inference tasks in bees.

Impact of variations in training schedules on dogs’ acquisition and retention of an odor detection task

Impact of variations in training schedules on dogs’ acquisition and retention of an odor detection task

Running trends in Switzerland from 1999 to 2019: An exploratory observational study.

Several single race events (5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, ultra-marathon) in different countries and different years have been analyzed in multiple studies, representing the rising interest in endurance-based activity and thus physical health. With focus on participation numbers, performance or sex difference, many single study results were obtained. The running trends in a whole country covering a longer period of time and several race distances are missing so far. The aim of this study is therefore to examine 5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon and ultra-marathon races by age, sex, participation numbers and performance during two decades (1999-2019) for one country (Switzerland). In this exploratory observational study, we analyzed 1,172,836 finishers (370,517 women and 802,319 men) competing between 1999 and 2019 in 5 different race distances in Switzerland. We used publicly available data about the athletes and examined total finishing numbers, sex, age and performances (measured in m/s) via descriptive analyses and linear mixed models. Do-not-finishers were excluded. The most frequented race was the half-marathon (33.1% of finishers), the less frequented was the ultra-marathon distance (8.5% of finishers). In most recent years, only the number of finishers in ultra-marathon, especially in trail runs increased. In total, there were more male finishers (68.4%) than female finishers (31.6%) and only in 5 km races, more women finished than men (55.3%). Men were faster than women and both sexes were running slower in all race distances across years. Athletes in 10 km races had the best performance within the five analyzed race distances. Median age increased with longer race distance and decreased in ultra-marathon in recent years. In summary, finishing numbers especially in ultra-marathons increased with a focus on trail runs, female and male athletes had a declining performance across years in all race distances and men ran faster than women. Median age increased with longer race distance leading to more aged endurance-trained athletes. A downtrend in median age is found only in ultra-marathon in recent years. The results are important for athletes, race directors and coaches with regard to training schedules and the trend towards long distance races as well as for the medical attendance especially of older athletes, being more and more interested in endurance running.

Urinary tract infections in intensive care

Urinary tract infections are of great importance in the health care of patients, as they are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and then the bladder. A urinary tract infection can occur at different points in the urinary tract including the bladder, kidneys, ureters, urethra. Women tend to get them more frequently, because their urethra is shorter than that of men. This causes a high percentage of morbidity. The aim of this intervention plan is to work with the nurses of the different shifts in the adult ICU to reduce urinary tract infections. It will be oriented to the training of urinary catheter placement and maintenance, therefore, an intervention work will be addressed, specifying the technique, to achieve the proposed objective. That is why we will work together with the head of the service, to see the daily provision of nursing staff and thus be able to plan the training schedule, also will be provided with different tools to reduce urinary tract infections. Likewise, the process will be continuously supervised and an evaluation instrument will be provided..

Trains scheduling problem with multiple lines

This study explores the problem of train scheduling (or) train timetabling and its impact on the administration of railway management. This is a highly dependable and effective public transportation system. The problem considers both single and multiple tracks along with multiple platforms with varying train capacities (like speed, passengers, and so on). Let the tracks link two major stations source and destination with intermediate stations. A subset of intermediate stations will function as junctions. A finite number of trains be available at the source for the passengers/cargo transit movements. The profit which is generated from the shipment of passengers between a pair of stations is known in advance. The train’s travel time between the stations and halting time at the stations are predefined. The arrival and departure times at the stations are calculated through the travel time and halting time. All the trains should starts from the source station and continue the journey through the intermediate stations to reach the destination station. Overtaking of the trains is permitted only at the intermediate stations. The trains must make a halt at one or more intermediate stations before reaching the destination. Now the objective is to find the best train operating schedule that maximizes the profit within the admissible travel time threshold. A zero–one integer linear programming is used to model this problem mathematically. For a better understanding of this problem, a case study is considered from the Indian railway network with two major stations Chennai and Hyderabad. A branch and bound algorithm is proposed to determine an optimal operating schedule. In addition, the experiments are carried out on a wide range of randomly generated instances of small and medium sizes, to test the efficiency of the algorithm. The computational results indicate that the algorithm is capable of finding the optimal schedules within a reasonable amount of time.

Overtraining and Burnout: The Hidden Toll of Professional Sports on Athlete Health

Introduction: Professional sports demand exceptional physical and mental dedication, yet the intensive training and competitive pressures can often lead to overtraining and burnout among athletes. These phenomena not only compromise athletic performance but also pose significant risks to long-term physical and mental health, raising concerns within the sports and medical communities. Purpose of Work: This study explores the hidden toll of overtraining and burnout on professional athletes, examining their effects on physical health, psychological well-being, and career longevity. It aims to highlight underlying causes, consequences, and strategies for prevention and intervention. State of Knowledge: Existing research identifies overtraining syndrome as a key contributor to chronic fatigue, decreased performance, and vulnerability to injury. Burnout, often stemming from emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, is linked to anxiety, depression, and withdrawal from sports. Despite growing awareness, gaps remain in comprehensive strategies to mitigate these challenges, particularly in integrating mental health support within training programs. Material and methods: The study utilized a systematic review approach, searching across well-known academic databases like PubMed and Google Scholar, and then carefully screening the results to select pertinent studies for detailed examination. Summary: This paper synthesizes the current research on overtraining and burnout, outlining the challenges faced by athletes and the common physical and mental health issues they confront. The findings underscore the need for proactive interventions, such as customized training schedules, psychological support, and comprehensive education programs for both athletes and coaches.

Использование энергии рекуперации для обогрева стрелочных переводов от контактной сети постоянного тока с напряжением 3 кВ

Purpose: to create a system for the use of energy recovery on sections of railways electrified with direct current with a voltage of 3 kV. The proposed system should make it possible to use the energy of regenerative braking generated by an electric locomotive or a DC electric train for heating switches during regenerative braking and insufficient power of traction consumers or their absence in the traction network. Methods: analysis of statistical data on the modes of operation of electric rolling stock and traction network, execution of train schedules, analysis and synthesis of circuit solutions, study of domestic and foreign experience in the utilization of energy recovery in railway transport. Results: the principle of using energy recovery, which cannot be used due to the low load in the contact network, for heating switches, increasing the energy efficiency of transportation on electrified rail transport, is proposed. Practical significance: the possibility of using electric energy recovery of electric rolling stock for heating switches in winter is shown, if it is impossible to consume it by other electric locomotives and electric trains. This system can be used in areas electrified with direct current with freight and passenger traffic, which operates electric rolling stock (EPS) with regenerative and regenerative-rheostatic braking.

Optimization of Energy Involved in Rolling Stock of a Sub-Urban Rail Transport System

Objectives: This research is based on the real-world study of Mumbai Metro, which focuses on enhancing the efficiency of metro rail systems by optimizing the timetable to synchronize train movements. The primary goal is to minimize total energy consumption by maximizing the exchange of regenerative-braking energy. Methods: Mumbai Metro Rolling Stock is having regenerative braking systems, allowing surplus energy regenerated during braking to be transferred to other trains in the same electrical rail section. To achieve this optimization, a graphical method is used to coordinate the time synchronization of the braking train arriving at a station with the accelerating train departing from the same or different station. This coordination ensures that regenerative-braking energy is effectively utilized and distributed among trains within the system. By quantifying the energy savings resulting from synchronization, this model provides an incentive for implementing more efficient train scheduling practices. The application of this model was demonstrated through the design of schedules for the Mumbai Metro. The implementation resulted in measurable energy savings, showcasing a clear correlation between train movement synchronization and reduced energy consumption. Importantly, this optimization strategy does not compromise overall passenger service quality and can be implemented with relatively low investment costs. In conclusion, adjusting the timetable in force based on principles of time synchronization and energy optimization has the potential to yield considerable energy savings for metro rail systems. Findings: This research emphasizes the importance of strategic train scheduling in maximizing the efficiency and sustainability of public transportation networks using regeneration of electrical energy. By implementing the optimized timetable, could lead to approximately a 5.03 % increase in regenerative energy utilization which would save 2.2 % in total energy consumption. Novelty: This study introduces a novel method to assess energy cooperation between trains using timetable optimization because this is the first real-world study of its kind conducted on any Indian metro system in which if one train is in braking mode then another train in the same electrical section should be in motoring mode so as to avoid the losses of the regenerated energy. Keywords: Optimization, Headway, Dwell time, Coasting period, Traction energy

Digital education training for teachers—Learnings from Austria

The rapid evolution of digital technology has necessitated a shift in educational paradigms, particularly in teacher training and continuous professional development. This paper presents a study that explores Austrian teachers' attitudes toward digital education training and their preferences for in-service training modalities. Data were collected from a comprehensive survey involving about 600 Austrian secondary public school teachers and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods to reveal preferences and constraints in digital education in-service training, including the preferred modalities, the support required, and the teachers' motivations for engaging with training. Key findings from the study indicate that Austrian teachers generally have a positive perception of their autonomy in teaching digital education. Additionally, the study reveals that teachers are willing to participate in in-service training under specific conditions. This willingness is influenced by factors such as the flexibility of the training schedule, the provision of support resources, and the balance between professional obligations and personal time. The study highlights a broader trend toward flexibility and efficiency in in-service teacher training, acknowledging teachers' time constraints and the importance of maintaining a work-life balance. The findings suggest that flexible and supportive training environments can enhance teachers' engagement with digital education, ultimately benefiting their teaching practices and student outcomes. Overall, this study underscores the importance of adapting in-service teacher training to meet the needs of teachers, promoting a more effective integration of digital education.

Analysis of Hospital Organizations in the Implementation of Management Information Systems (SIMRS) at Dr. H. Yuliddin Away Tapaktuan Hospital, Tapaktuan District, South Aceh Regency in 2024

Hospital Management Information System is an information technology system that processes and integrates the entire flow of hospital service processes in the form of coordination networks, reporting and administrative procedures to obtain appropriate and accurate information, but SIMRS in several hospitals is still not optimal. The general purpose of this study is to find out the analysis of the behavior of hospital organizations in the implementation of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) at dr. H. Yuliddin Away Tapaktuan Hospital, Tapaktuan District. This study uses a type of qualitative research with an interview approach. The location of this research is at dr. H. Yuliddin Away Tapaktuan Hospital, Tapaktuan District, South Aceh Regency. This research was conducted from March to August 2024. The research informants were the key informants of the director of the Hospital, the main informants of the head of administration, the head of support and the head of programs as well as supporting informants of 6 outpatients. The results of the research on infrastructure variables are not enough such as network, Wifi, programmer, cables that are being used do not work. The HR variables were found that the number of human resources was inadequate, there was still a shortage of human resources and the absence of Rewards and the implementation of SOPs that had not been maximized, and the variables of procedures at dr. Yulidin Away Hospital were focused on improving the implementation of SIMRS, this can be proven from the lack of appropriate recruitment of human resources, the absence of scheduled training, and the lack of control in the implementation of SIMRS. The suggestions in this study are that the management must allocate funds for the lack of infrastructure provision, provide training for SIMRS employees so that they can work according to SOPs, Recruitment of employees to run SIMRS so that the implementation of SIMRS also runs smoothly and better.

Stop the Silence: A Self-Paced Program on Bystander Intervention for Domestic Violence for College Students

AbstractBystander intervention programs have the potential to address domestic violence in college settings by providing students with specific ways to support friends and peers experiencing abuse. However, the majority of bystander intervention programs require in-person facilitators and hours of commitment. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a self-paced online program focusing on bystander intervention for domestic violence. The Stop the Silence Project is a self-paced online program that can be utilized at no cost and in the absence of trained facilitators or scheduled training sessions. An experimental group of college students (n = 168) engaged with the program and completed the Bystander Intervention for Domestic Violence Questionnaire. A control group (n = 30) completed the questionnaire without engaging with the program. First, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to validate the Bystander Intervention for Domestic Violence Questionnaire. Results indicated that the questionnaire measures students’ willingness to offer support to peers, intentions to address domestic violence as a societal issue, and sense of responsibility to help one’s peers. Next, the two groups were compared on their responses to the questionnaire. College students who engaged with the program reported higher intentions to address domestic violence as a societal issue. This promising program offers one way to counter domestic violence when faced with limited resources in college and university settings.

Analysis of the efficiency of suburban passenger transportation on the Lviv railway sections

A developed transport system ensures the population's needs in safe movement and guarantees stable functioning and development of the production sphere. Despite being consistently unprofitable, suburban transportation by railway remains attractive for many population categories. The developed railway network, the low cost of transportation, and the capacity reserve of most sections partially compensate for the existing shortcomings and contribute to further development and open new prospects for attracting additional users of transport services. The main problems of suburban passenger transport, which worsen the quality of the services provided and affect the competitiveness of railway suburban transport compared to other modes of transport, are examined in this article. During the analysis of the schedule of suburban trains departing and arriving at the Lviv station, irrational management decisions were found that left room for improvement. In addition, the load factor of rolling stock on the routes Lviv-Sambir-Sianky and Sianky-Sambir-Lviv was determined, and it dropped to 40% during the follow-up, which indicates inefficient use of rolling stock. The ratio of the time the train stays at the stops to the total duration of the route in suburban traffic is also calculated. The time on the road for the Sambir- Stryi route was 69%, and the technical speed was only 21.7 km/h. The results obtained in the article are also typical for many other monitoring areas, indicating this problem's repeatability. The positive experience of European countries in solving similar problems allows us to react correctly to the situation and take short-term measures to change the dynamics to a positive one without additional time losses. It is also worth noting that a set of measures to improve the services provided to passengers must be carried out according to the requirements of the Technical Specifications for Interoperability, which must be ensured upon joining the European Union. Further investigations should analyze the flow of passengers at all stations and stopping points to identify the main points of creating passenger flow on researching routes.

Impact of Eccentric Exercises on Soccer Players’ External Load, Muscle Soreness and Physical Performance: A Comparative Study of Pre and Post-Training Routines

AbstractThis study examined the impact of integrating eccentric bodyweight exercises (Nordic Hamstring and Single Leg Deadlift) into soccer training, before and after training sessions, on players’ well-being, external load and physical performance over two successive training sessions. Twenty-one male trained players (23.6 ± 3.7 years, playing experience of 13.3 ± 4.01 years) participated in the study. The study spanned two days of the microcycle (MD-4 and MD-3) over four consecutive weeks, during which the players were subjected to two conditions: eccentric training before or after the MD-4 training (pre-strength and post-strength, respectively). The players’ wellness, external load and physical performance (CMJ, 10 m and 30 m-sprint) were assessed in all training sessions. In pre-strength condition, players exhibited a decrease in the CMJ following the eccentric intervention (P = 0.02). For the 30 m-sprint, a decline in performance was noted after the soccer training compared to the moments immediately before (P = 0.04) and after the eccentric intervention (P = 0.002). In the post-strength condition, players reported increased muscle soreness in the following day (MD-3, P = 0.03). Additionally, a reduced number of high-intensity accelerations were observed on MD-3 when the eccentric training was performed after MD-4 (P = 0.04). The study reveals that jumping and sprinting performance may decrease immediately after eccentric routines. However, while jumping performance may recover after the training, sprinting remains affected. Conversely, conducting eccentric routines after training may influence players’ muscle soreness and physical performance on the following day. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing soccer training schedules that incorporate eccentric routines either before or after regular training sessions.