Scenic Views Research Articles

Chronicles of Cognitive and Emotional Development on the Move: A Critical Exploration of Linklater’s Boyhood as a Road Movie

A road movie is a genre of film in which the characters leave their home to embark on a journey, essentially different from their everyday lives. The genre has its origin in the stories of mythical journeys such as Odyssey and Aenied. Road movies portray the journey of the characters through the wild, with the movies discussing themes of oppression, alienation and an examination of the persisting cultural tensions in the nation. The characters in road movies delineate a sense of frustration, anxiety and desperation. A road movie can be technically defined as a movie which begins at a certain point, and passes through several pit-stops, before finally reaching the destination. Road movies are well known for their striking portrayal of picturesque narrations, scenic views and vivid dynamics. The characters undergo transformations, experience epiphanies and they develop a deeper and better understanding of their inner conflicts and emotions. The present paper explores the themes of alienation, oppression and transformation of the protagonist, outlined in Richard Linklater’s Boyhood. The paper would further delve into the emotional changes that occur in the behaviors of the characters during their travel. The focus of road movies is more on the journey than on the destination. Jack Kerouac’s “On the Road” dramatically changed the genre of road movies, with picaresque narratives and sequences, in which the characters transformed for the better or the worst.

Understanding the landscape dynamics from a devastated to revived cultural landscape: The case of the First World War in Flanders through the lens of landscape patterns

The First World War (1914–1918) wreaked an overwhelming damage in Flanders. Allied and German forces battled four years, transforming the pre-war landscape with scenic views into a destroyed landscape fully covered with craters. Afterwards, the landscape was entirely reconstructed by the help of local initiatives and by national and international policy. In this paper, changing landscape patterns are analysed with historical land use/land cover data to unravel the underlying landscape dynamics of the restored area until present. The composition and spatial configuration of the landscape are observed by focussing on the post-war reconstructed landscape. Furthermore, the relation between the degree of military impact during the war and the observed patterns in the reconstructed landscape is studied. Results show that the fragmentation and diversity increased in the past hundred years whereby changes were first seen in urban areas and afterwards in the countryside. Additionally, changes in size and the complexity of fields proved to have a significant relation with the military impact. This study observed the reconstruction period with landscape changes, to understand the post-war land use policy in an innovative manner.

SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC TERRITORIES OF THE KIROV REGION

The article presents comprehensive data on one of the nature monuments of the Kirov region under the name “Zhukovlyansky sandstone spherical concretions”. The status of a specially protected natural area of local importance was granted to it in 2017 due to the presence of clusters of spherical geological bodies of human size, which give the area a very scenic view. They were discovered during the quarrying of gravel and sand materials in the early 80-s of the last century and soon became a reason to put forward various hypotheses regarding the time and methods of their formation. The latter was the motivation for this publication, which is based on field and laboratory geological and soil-geochemical studies carried out by the authors in 2014-18. The results below give an idea of the peculiarities of the spatial structure, component composition and properties of local geosystems, the time of formation of their lithogenic basis, scientific and cognitive, tourist-recreational importance and problems of preservation of the original natural heritage of the region under consideration. From the genetic point of view, the spherical sandstone concretions located within the paleolacial province of the Vyatka Territory are treated by the authors as native Permian formations, not affected or slightly affected by fluvioglacial processes at the Pleistocene stage of geological development. They serve as a basis for the designation of a special category of protected areas on Vyatka land - natural and man-made monuments - as an example of spontaneous creation of nature and man.

李時憲의 山水詩와 그의 陶淵明⋅王維隱逸意識영향 관계 연구

『ZhaiTeacher literary book』is Lee Si Hun's literary book during Chosun Dynasty era. Lee Si Hun write many poems sung by mountains and valleys. it describe the Unique Scenery of Kang Jin's Baek Woon Summer house. Lee Si Hun's poems is two types, one type is a Pure poems sung by mountains and valleys, the other is a poems with Taoism. The scope of study is 14 scenic views of Baek Woon house. 14 scenic views of Baek Woon house of 『ZhaiTeacher literary book』is a representative poems. It describes Spring, summer, autumn, winter of Baek Woon Summer house. A poems with Taoism has a sense of wanting to hide, and a sense of the Conflict in between wanting to work and hide. Lee Si Hun's sense of wanting to hide is affected by Chinese Do Yeon Myung and Wang Yu. A natural poems with Taoism means be free from the world and hide to Baek Woon Summer hous.

Framing of Mt. Geumgang Landscapes in the Mt. Geumgang Photo Album during the Japanese Colonial Period

본 연구는 근대적 인식체계(episteme)로서 ‘보는 눈’에 주목하고, 일제가 식민지 조선에서 영어와 일어로 병기하여 제작한 금강산사진첩을 대상으로 금강산 경관을 ‘보는 방식’을 살펴본다. 일영(日英) 금강산사진첩은 금강산 경관이 선택 및 구성되고 이미지로 틀지워진 결과물이다. 관광진흥의 목적으로 제작된 일영 금강산사진첩은 금강산의 다양한 경관이 선택되고 배열 및 구성되어 관광객에게 방문해야 할 곳과 루트 등을 제시한다. 또한 촬영자와 편집자의 ‘경관의 틀짓기’ 과정을 통해 금강산 경관에 심미화, 문명화의 장, 지리적 정복(계몽) 등의 시선이 더해졌다. 특히, 금강산 파노라마 사진은 사진가의 시선이 더 높은 곳에서 금강산을 넘어 더 넓은 세계를 지향하고자 했는지 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 일영 금강산사진첩의 경관과 시선의 정치의 상호과정을 살펴봄으로써, 사진첩이 금강산을 식민지 조선이나 일본 제국을 넘어 ‘세계적 명산’으로 위치짓는 시선을 체현했으며, 또한 어떻게 금강산 경관의 틀짓기 기준으로 기능했는지를 조명한다.This study examines “a way of seeing” presented in a series of photo albums of Mt. Geumgang with a focus on the “tourist gaze” as the modern episteme of the Japanese empire. The Japanese-English photo albums of Mt. Geumgang demonstrate how the landscapes of Mt. Geumgang were selected, arranged and framed. Compiled for tourism purposes, the photo albums presented “standards” for where and how to visit with a variety of scenic views. In the process of “framing the landscape,” the dimensions of aestheticization, a place of civilization, and geographical conquest(enlightenment) were added to Mt. Geumgang through the gaze of photographers and editors of the photo albums. Specifically, panoramic pictures of Mt. Geumgang show how the gaze of photographers sought a wider view from a higher point and attempted to expand a vision of Mt. Geumgang. By examining the interplay between the landscape and the gaze politics of photo albums, this study illustrates how the photo albums functioned as a standard for framing the landscape of Mt. Geumgang in relation to the “expansion” of the Japanese empire, as well as an optic through which Mt. Geumgang was represented as a ‘world famous mountain’ beyond the colonial Korea or the Japanese empire.

Problemy rozwoju lokalnego Starej Kalinowszczyzny (Lublin)

<p>W pracy przedstawiono uwarunkowania rozwoju lokalnego oraz ocenę obecnej sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej i funkcjonalno-przestrzennej historycznej części dzielnicy Kalinowszczyzna w Lublinie, nazywanej potocznie Starą Kalinowszczyzną. Zasadniczym celem badań było wyznaczenie głównych kierunków rozwoju tego obszaru problemowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań (inwentaryzacja urbanistyczna, analiza dokumentów strategicznych i planistycznych oraz badania ankietowe i analiza SWOT) zaproponowano istotne dla dalszego rozwoju badanego obszaru działania, takie jak: aktywizacja mieszkańców, poprawa stanu zagospodarowania oraz wykorzystanie potencjału dziedzictwa kulturowego. Stara Kalinowszczyzna posiada niezagospodarowany potencjał wynikający z nagromadzenia obiektów historycznych, zabytków oraz atrakcyjnych ekspozycji widokowych na Stare Miasto.</p>

“Now is Not the Time to Take a Breather”: United States Federal Land Management Agency Professionals’ Perceptions at the 40th Anniversary of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977

Poor air quality has long been one of the dominant transboundary issues facing protected areas worldwide. In 1977, the United States Congress amended the Clean Air Act to address federally-managed lands containing valued air resources (i.e. scenic views). Forty years later, we interviewed professionals from the U.S. National Park Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management (n=38) regarding their perceptions of the legacy of the Clean Air Act and other federal policies relevant to air resources, as well as their perceptions of the future of air resource management on U.S federal lands. Results were analyzed using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis supported by in vivo, thematic, and salience coding. Our findings illustrate national progress in air resource management, potential policy directions, and highlight the influence of emerging technologies and governance in air resource management within protected areas.

A comparative study on the value of scenic views between an inland and a coastal city in Korea

ABSTRACTThis study estimates hedonic house price models for an inland city of Seoul and a coastal city of Pusan using spatial regression with successful bidding price data of court auction during the period from January 2006 to December 2014. Among hedonic attributes such as floor area, building age, total floor level, living floor level, direction of the window of the living room, proximity to natural environment, scenic views and others employed in this study, our main focus is on scenic views. As a result of our empirical analysis, the most preferred view turns out to be a water-related view such as a broad river view in Seoul or an ocean view in Pusan. A mountain view, affecting negatively in a coastal city like Pusan which is adjacent to the beautiful ocean, has positive influence in Seoul, since it is an inland city with no ocean in sight with only a river running across the heart of the city which is surrounded by mountains serving as its boundary. While a building view in Seoul has negative effect on the price, it affects positively in Pusan.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES TO HEALTH TOURISM CASE STUDY BULGARIA-SERBIA REGION

The aim of this study is to evaluate potential of Cross-border region Bulgaria- Serbia for development of sustainability health (medical SPA and SPA tourism) destinations, using geomedical and social –economical assessment of tourism resources.More than 30 mineral springs (13 were selected) and 180 touristic objects have been studied –13 (were selected) (2018). There are good medico-biological conditions for the development of intensive medical SPA, Wellness and SPA tourism. The combination of free spring’s flow and specific climate conditions is a big advantage for the development of high specialized tourism destination as medical SPA.An algorithm is proposed for modeling a representative tourist destination in the field of health, medical SPA and wellness tourism. It is connected to the development of new tourist services - accessible and varied, aimed to a new target group of high price customer segment, focusing on local resources - scenic views, natural landmarks, specific landscape, local traditions and preserved environment. Destination management is related to its availability and development of alternative routes. The resilience of the health tourism destination is determined by its special social focus - creation and maintenance with a view to overcoming difficulties in the local economy and improving the quality of life of the local population also. For the success of those complex tourist product, it is necessary to manage different nonditional market sources, which implies the dominant role of digital marketing and application of virtual tourism tools to attract satisfied customers.

Preserving the scenic views from North Carolina's Blue Ridge Parkway: A decision support system for strategic land conservation planning

Conservation Trust for North Carolina (CTNC) collaborates with the US National Park Service to preserve land along North Carolina's Blue Ridge Parkway. Escalating pressures from development in the region are threatening the park's scenic views, the primary visitor attraction. A ranked mapping of land parcels for conservation that takes into account visibility is therefore crucial for the park's sustainable management and success. The visibility of parcels within a two mile (3.22 km) buffer of the Parkway was modeled in a GIS-based viewshed decision support system. Using distance decay weightings and LiDAR data to capture obstructive vegetation curtains while driving and at scenic overlooks, a realistic representation of visitor experience was replicated and validated using satellite imagery. This decision support system allows for the efficient allocation of limited conservation resources based on the ranks of over 30,000 parcels within the study area and provides a replicable methodology for similar conservation planning elsewhere.

Which Way is Up? Orientation and Residential Property Values

Builders have long been cognizant of the importance of the siting of a house on a lot, whether to shelter from prevailing weather, allow better access to natural light, gain a scenic view, or more recently for optimal capture of solar energy. Using 2016–2017 sales data for the County of San Diego, we examine the market valuation of house orientation. San Diego provides a good research area as the topography does not lend itself to a grid-like pattern for the street system. Orientation is divided into eight directions (south, southeast, east, .) and hedonic price equations are estimated. In addition, the analysis includes proximity to a cul-de-sac and street intersection as explanatory variables. The results suggest that house orientation is a significant factor in determining house valuation. Houses oriented directly on an east-west axis command a premium over houses oriented on a north-south axis. After correcting for spatial autocorrelation, neither cul-de-sac nor intersection locations are significant factors in determining housing prices. Moreover, a robustness check using a small sample of 241 transactions provides inclusive results regarding a premium for solar panel installation.

Focus and Locus of Pilgrimage Tourism at Santaneshwor Mahadev Temple, Lalitpur

This study explains prospects and constraints of pilgrimage tourism at Santaneshwor Mahadev temple located in Godavari Municipality, Lalitpur. In doing so, quantitative case study methodology is applied. Necessary data are collected from 123 respondents (60 local residents, 60 tourists & 3 hotel owners) selected convenniencely, randomly and purposively. The result indicates that this temple is famous from religious and cosmological view points. And also famous for becoming 360 degree scenic view points having good networking of road accessibility. Tourist arrival in the study area is favorable in all season. However, tourism activities in this area found minimum. Majority of the local people belongs to Brahman caste and engaged in subsistence farming. They have no clear-cut idea for developing and promoting tourism activities. There is lack of basic tourist facilities like; tourist center, modern toilets, clean drinking water, restaurants, accommodation facilities, foreign exchange etc. Hence, awareness programs should be implemented in local communities and different facilities must be offered for promoting religious tourism. And better to prepare master plan by concerned authority to make Santaneshwor Mahadev temple as attractive pilgrimage tourism destination.

조선 후기 동강 유역 경관의 재발견과 영월 심상지리의 확장

조선 후기 동강 유역 경관의 재발견과 영월 심상지리의 확장

An Early Photographic View of Auckland

An ambrotype photographic view of Auckland presents one of the earliest extant photographs of the urban landscape in the city. As a rare example of a landscape presented as a cased image it marks an early scenic view that would be repeated in later technology. Identification and supporting evidence dates the cased photograph to circa 1857. Of the photographers working in Auckland at that time two primary candidates for the creation of this work are discussed, Hartley Webster and John Nicol Crombie with the argument that the former is the most likely. Several other photographic views from 1858 to 1859 are shown as examples of known early landscape photographs of Auckland. One in particular shows a wider view taken from a similar point on Constitution Hill looking across to Mechanics Bay and Parnell.

PELESTARIAN IKAN BILIH (Mystacoleucus padangensis) MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN AGROWISATA PERIKANAN DI DANAU SINGKARAK SUMATERA BARAT

Singkarak Lake located in Solok Regency and Tanah Datar Regency potentially for tourism and fi-shery sector because of its scenic view and bilih fi sh specialization. That sector cohesiveness creates a fi shery agro tourism practices. However dilemmas shows, such as overlapping of tourism interest with bilih fi sh conservation. Objective of this study are learn about potential and conservation efforts for bilih fish and analysis its relevancy with tourism aspect, so it will gain a modeling concept of Developing Area of Bilih Fish Agro tourism (“Kembang Aibil”) in particular Singkarak Lake area. A proposal concept is agro tourism landscape arrangement with zoning system. Zoning objectiveis to accommodate tourism interest with bilih conservation through separated area based on visitor activi-ties. Singkarak lake as unique and interesting recreation place for tourists because its bilih fi sh exis-tence. Singkarak lake zoning divide into three zones: (1)Recreation zone is singkarak quay area, (b) buffer zone is Singkarak Lake Public Fishery Water Unit (UPPU), and (c) Conservation zone is Bilih Fishery Preservation in Sumpur and Paninggahan River in Sumpur village, South Batipuh Sub district, Tanah Datar regency and Bilih Conservation Centre in Nagari Guguak Malalo.Key words : Tourism, Fishery Agro Tourism and Bilih Fish

Towards a Sustainable Sun, Sea, and Sand Tourism: The Value of Ocean View and Proximity to the Coast

Coastal tourism is expanding worldwide, mostly owing to the attraction to relevant ecosystem services such as the scenic beauty and recreational activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of these, using hedonic analysis by assessing how prices of hotel rooms are related to the scenic view, location, non-ecosystem amenities, and size of the hotels in three touristic areas of Veracruz, México. We found that, besides the size of the hotel and the number of non-ecosystem amenities, room prices increased by 8% and 57%, depending on the ocean view and accessibility to the beach, respectively. These results help to understand why hotels are built very close to the coastline, despite the high risk of extreme and frequent meteorological events. The unorganized and intense development of the tourist industry may act in contrast to the necessity for conservation of the natural ecosystems, rendering this activity highly unsustainable. The question is how to deal with the dilemma of tourism growth and conservation. We suggest some alternatives that might help with the conservation of natural ecosystems, while maintaining the combined provision of simultaneous coastal ecosystem services such as an aesthetically pleasing view and recreation, as well as additional services such as storm protection.

The contribution of scenic views of, and proximity to, lakes and reservoirs to property values

AbstractWater is arguably the world's most critical resource, although its aesthetic and recreational functions typically receive less attention than its consumptive uses. Views of, and access to, attractive water resources are capitalized into property prices in the form of sales price and rental premiums, measured since the 1970s with the hedonic pricing technique. This study synthesizes the evidence to date with respect to the value of lakes and reservoirs as aesthetic and recreational resources to nearby residents. Findings are reported relating to the effects of scenic views of, and proximity, to reservoirs and large artificial lakes, the North American Great Lakes, and other smaller inland lakes. Of the 44 distinct reviewed studies that included tests of statistical significance, only two failed to produce any significant findings in the directions anticipated (i.e., a positive impact of water frontage or view and/or negative impact of increasing distance). Improvements in methodological approaches—from early studies employing anecdotal observation and visual comparison to more recent investigations employing advanced geographical information systems and rigorous spatially explicit regression techniques—are traced. The potential implications of climate variability and changes for property values are addressed, as is the growing movement towards the adoption of green infrastructure. The need to consider changes to aesthetic and recreational values, in addition to outcomes for more traditional consumptive uses during cost–benefit analyses associated with proposed (re)developments, is emphasized.

Comparison of water-use characteristics of landscape tree (Tabebuia argentea) and palm (Ptychosperma macarthurii) species in a tropical roof garden with implications for urban water management

In cities, landscape palms and trees are planted for scenic views and normally maintained with frequent irrigation. With similar water input, their morphological difference may lead to different water-use that varies seasonally. Thus, evaluating their water-use patterns is necessary to achieve proper urban water management. Here, we examined water-use characteristics of Tabebuia argentea and Ptychosperma macarthurii, a tree and a palm species, in a roof garden in Bangkok, Thailand. Self-constructed Granier’s probes were used for sap flux measurement and monitored for five months in 2016. Results showed that palm transpired 3–4 times higher water than tree daily. With frequent watering, tree was more sensitive to increasing vapor pressure deficit (D) than palm on rain-free days. When rainfall occurred, however, both species became less sensitive to D and continued consuming more water at high D. Extending the analysis to include a hypothetical warming climate with +4.8 °C temperature, we found that tree saved more water than palm on rain-free days. However, daily transpiration of both species increased similarly by 14–18% on rainy days. These results imply that Tabebuia argentea may provide ecosystem benefits by conservatively using water under drought and decelerating runoff from the garden when storms come. In contrast, Ptychosperma macarthurii may provide ecosystem disservice with high water-use in dry season but may slow down runoff in wet season and therefore benefiting downstream ecosystems. These findings are useful for selective planting associated with future changes in precipitation patterns, leading to sustainable urban water management.

As far as the eye can see: Scenic view of Cerrado National Parks

Buffer zones around protected areas (PA) can minimize negative human impacts and stimulate the sustainable use of natural resources. To fulfill these goals, it is important to ensure the participation of local communities on resources management and to support local economies. Sustainable tourism activities have the potential to reconcile the apparent conflict between protection of nature and socioeconomic benefits, but it has not been fully developed in Brazilian PA network. The objective of this study is to address opportunities to expand and complement the touristic attractions in areas surrounding eight Cerrado National Parks opened for visitation, by taking advantage of their scenic views. The analysis was based on remote sensing derived landscape biophysical attributes, including three key categories related to visual and ecological qualities and six indicators. Results allowed the identification of profiles for the selected parks, relating their biophysical characteristics to their main touristic potential. Strong hilly topographies, in general, were associated with wide visual scale and high complexity while flat topographies favor water related recreational services. Although focused on National Parks located in the Brazilian Cerrado, the study area is representative of tropical ecosystems with relevant species richness and high land conversion pressure.

More than A to B: Understanding and managing visitor spatial behaviour in urban forests using public participation GIS

Planning and management needs up-to-date, easily-obtainable and accurate information on the spatial and social aspects of visitor behaviour in order to balance human use and impacts, and protection of natural resources in public parks. We used a web-based public participation GIS (PPGIS) approach to gather citizen data on visitor behaviour in Helsinki's Central Park in order to aid collaborative spatial decision-making. The study combined smartphone GPS tracking, route drawing and a questionnaire to examine differences between user groups in their use of formal trails, off-trail behaviour and the motivations that affect it. In our sample (n = 233), different activity types were associated with distinctive spatial patterns and potential extent of impacts. The density mapping and statistical analyses indicated three types of behaviour: predominantly on or close to formal trails (runners and cyclists), spatially concentrated off-trail behaviour confined to a few informal paths (mountain bikers), and dispersed off-trail use pattern (walkers and dog walkers). Across all user groups, off-trail behaviour was mainly motivated by positive attraction towards the environment such as scenic view, exploration, and viewing flora and fauna. Study findings lead to several management recommendations that were presented to city officials. These include reducing dispersion and the spatial extent of trampling impacts by encouraging use of a limited number of well-established informal paths away from sensitive vegetation and protected habitats.