Scenic Beauty Research Articles

SUITABILITY MAPPING FOR OPTIMAL LANDFILL SITE IN COASTAL MOUNTAIN MUNICIPALITIES. CASE STUDY: COLLO MASSIF (NORTHEASTERN ALGERIA)

The management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in coastal mountainous regions displays a significant challenge to sustainable development in Algeria, particularly in its environmental dimension. Local stakeholders face substantial difficulties in identifying appropriate sites for solid waste disposal in this area due to the fragility and complexity of their ecological systems and their potential to amplify the impacts of waste disposal. This affects directly the quality of life, sustainability of natural resources, and threatens the scenic beauty of this tourist destination. Therefore, developing a mechanism based on scientific knowledge to facilitate decision-making processes in these regions is imperative. This paper aims to underscore the importance of employing Cartographic Suitability Mapping for Optimal Landfill Site Selection in coastal mountainous regions as an effective tool to ensure precise results, focusing on the study case of Collo, Skikda state, Algeria. The results show four categories of land suitability: constraint (5.22-7.76) , unsuitable (3.25-4.26), and suitable area (1.21-3.24), with four candidate areas identified as the most suitable for landfill establishment. It is recommended that future studies incorporate social and economic dimensions to further enhance decision-making processes in this regard.

A method for evaluating the visual quality of wetland park landscapes: a case study of qianlu lake wetland park in Wuping, China

Wetland parks are an important part of urban ecosystems, characterized by artificial and natural features. While providing outdoor recreational space for urban residents, the aesthetics of the landscape also affect residents’ willingness to visit the wetland park. Previous studies of wetland parks focused on the ecological benefit. However, fewer systematic studies analyzed the aesthetic qualities and influencing elements of wetland parks. In this study, the Wuping Qianlu Lake Wetland Park in Fujian Province, China was used to evaluate the landscape visual quality of the wetland park using the the Scenic Beauty Estimation method (SBE), and the landscape features of the wetland park were obtained through the Semantic Differential (SD) method and semantic segmentation technique. The regression model of landscape visual quality and landscape features in wetland parks was established using SBE values as the dependent variable, and 23 landscape features as independent variables. The SBE values and accessibility were also combined to create four quadrants, which were combined with K-means clustering to diagnose existing problems. The results of the study showed that two landscape features, approach and proportion of water area were weaker among the four types of wetland park landscapes. The SBE values of the man-made landscape type were the most significant. Meanwhile, the high enclosure landscape type had a significant sense of rusticity, accentuating the wildness of the plants. It was less aesthetically pleasing and had the poorest landscape visual quality of the four types. This study provides a systematic method for diagnosing landscape problems in wetland parks, evaluating landscape visual quality assessment, and providing theoretical and technical support for urban wetland park renewal and construction.

Birds as sacred ‘children of god’, beholders of spirit and symbols of twinhood: Human–bird interaction among the Nuer in western Ethiopia

Abstract The deep connection between Indigenous communities and nature plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation. Ethiopia, one of Africa's priority countries for bird conservation, harbours 821 bird species and 83 ethnic groups of Indigenous people. However, cultural and spiritual ties between Indigenous peoples and bird species remain largely unexplored. This is particularly true for remote Indigenous communities such as the Nuer. Relying on preexisting bird survey data, we conducted focussed group discussions and semi‐structured interviews with Indigenous Nuer in western Ethiopia to explore human–bird interactions and documented associated traditional ecological knowledge and considered their conservation implications. We found that Nuers have strong ties with birds. In Nuer community, birds are collectively known by three interchangeable terms: ‘gaatkuoth’ to mean sacred children of god, ‘kuoth’ meaning bearers of spirit and ‘diit’ symbols of human twins (since birds nurture multiple offspring, they associate the incidence of twins in human with birds). We identified 71 culturally important bird species that were used in seven different use categories. Among these species, 10 were used as bushmeat, five for traditional medicine, eight as fish indicators, seven as omens (believed to indicate upcoming misfortunes), three as amulets (believed to protect against danger when bird's body parts are used as necklaces and bracelets), three as season indicators and 45 for their scenic beauty. An informant consensus factor for species in all use categories was >90%, except for the scenic value, indicating a high homogeneity of knowledge about species uses. Bird species with multiple uses have significant cultural values among locals, emphasizing the need to understand these values in conservation efforts. Nuer traditional systems regulate the direct use of birds including for bushmeat. Hunting is permitted only by impoverished households during severe food shortages and is prohibited for those with a history of twins in their ancestry. The Nuer people exhibit a profound cultural connection to birds, viewing them as sacred and spiritually valuable beings. This deep‐seated reverence and traditional knowledge highlight the importance of integrating Indigenous perspectives into bird conservation strategies to enhance their effectiveness and respect cultural values. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Suitability of the Former Mamut Copper Mine for Nature-based Tourism: A Preliminary Visual Assessment of Site Conditions

The Former Mamut Copper Mine (MCM) is a historical landmark rich in both aesthetic and cultural values, but from a scientific perspective, its potential for nature-based tourism remains unexplored. A visual rapid assessment was conducted at MCM, to examine its suitability for nature-based tourism, focusing on site accessibility, hazard levels, scenic visibility, and scenic beauty. Twenty locations with high aesthetic and/or historical values were visually investigated, based on the four specified criteria, utilizing a three-point rating score system. The assessment emphasized a moderate suitability level for nature-based tourism at MCM (Score = 2.337), with significant variations in suitability level observed between the 20 locations (χ2 = 32.36, p = 0.021). Twelve locations showing higher scores in site accessibility, hazard level, and scenic visibility were determined to be more suitable for nature-based tourism, when compared to the other eight locations. Both the Principal Component Analysis and Spearman’s Correlation test highlighted the significant influences of hazard level (ρ = 0.685, p < 0.001), accessibility (ρ = 0.652, p = 0.002), and scenic visibility (ρ = 0.685, p < 0.001) on the suitability of MCM for nature-based tourism, in comparison to site scenic beauty (ρ = 0.203, p = 0.381). These findings provide new insights highlighting the high suitability of MCM for nature-based tourism. Additionally, this research uncovers safety concerns, rendering public access and the carrying out of recreational activities at MCM, currently infeasible. Management authorities are urged to prioritize efforts that reduce hazard levels and enhance the quality and accessibility of local attractions in future.

TOURIST SATISFACTION AND PLACE ATTACHMENT: A VALIDATION IN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, HANGZHOU, CHINA

Green infrastructure (GI) constitutes important urban spaces and physical environments that contribute to scenic beauty, recreation opportunities, health, and wellness for tourists. However, the role of GI in tourism has not received much attention. This study aimed to validate the influence of tourist satisfaction on their place attachment in the context of GI. A self-administered survey was conducted at the selected GI locations of prominent tourist sites in Hangzhou West Lake, Zhejiang province, China. A sample of 225 domestic tourists was surveyed using the convenient sampling approach. The data were analysed using correlation analysis, linear regression, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The major findings of this study validate the positive and significant influence of tourist satisfaction towards place attachment when tourists visit GI. Further results indicate that tourist satisfaction and place attachment significantly differed regarding education level. The findings provide empirical evidence for a deeper understanding of the role of GI in tourism.

Optimization Strategies for Waterfront Plant Landscapes in Traditional Villages: A Scenic Beauty Estimation–Entropy Weighting Method Analysis

This investigation delves into the waterfront plant landscapes of traditional villages in Western Hunan, China, aiming to bolster sustainable ecological resource management, amplify ecological culture, and ameliorate environmental standards. Furthermore, it endeavors to furnish a theoretical scaffold for the meticulous construction and assessment of these landscapes. This study has illustrated the waterfront botanical landscapes of 32 traditional hamlets within the Xiangxi region, integrating prior research on the waterfront botanical regression model based on the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. It established and investigated fifteen landscape factors pivotal to the aesthetic valorization of these village waterfronts. The study concocted a beauty quality evaluation model, unearthing a significant correlation (p < 0.01) across evaluations by students majoring in landscape architecture, expert landscape architects, and laypersons, thus underscoring a consensus in aesthetic judgments. A noteworthy correlation between the beauty value (Z-value) and the entropy weight value was elucidated through the equation EWM = −0.106 + 0.425ZSBE, showcasing the landscape quality’s variance among the studied villages. The formulated evaluation model accentuates the significance of seasonal variation, scale affinity, and a rich hierarchical structure.

Resident’s Perception towards Green Spaces Urban Areas of Mirpur AJK Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

Urbanization with increasing proportion of the population living in cities limits access to nature and increases exposure to environmental hazards, such as air and noise pollution. Green spaces offer solutions by increasing the quality of urban settings, promoting sustainable lifestyles, and improving both the health and the well-being of urban residents. Aim of the study was to assess perceived advantages and disadvantages of urban green spaces (UGS). A cross sectional study, was conducted on the 200 residents of Mirpur district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan. There were 54.5% of males and 44.5% of females in the study sample and 79% (n=79) of them were of age between 31-40 years. 164 (82%) individuals in the collected sample fall into high educational level. For positive attributes of urban green spaces most visitors reported strongly agree response. The highest strongly agree response (62%) is for importance of parks. Promotion of elders’ and physical health also showed strongly agreed responses of 60% and 58% respectively. The agreed response was the highest for ‘neighbors’ meetup’ (43.5%) and for the rest it was mental health (40%), people likeness (37%) and property value (38.5%). Commercial encroachment was the highest strongly agreed response (30.5%) and time wastage was the highest strongly disagreed response (21.5%). Visitors reported strongly agree response to scenic beauty (67.5%), air quality (49%) and reduce heat wave (40.5%). Agreed responses were topped by environmental conditions (37%) followed by almost equal responses for rainfall source (25.5%), biodiversity and noise pollution (23%). Fast and unplanned urbanization is threatening UGS. Our study highlighted visitors’ perception about UGS which would help in their development and improved quality.

Research on visual experience evaluation of fortress heritage landscape by integrating SBE–SD method and eye movement analysis

Urbanization has led to homogenizing heritage site landscapes, and the protective measures have become disconnected from public needs. Additionally, the complex and diverse overall characteristics of heritage sites and the uneven distribution of values across different areas are related to the lack of landscape experience assessment. The “subjective + objective” cognitive evaluation and visual perception framework that adopts the Scenic Beauty Estimation Procedure-Semantic Differential (SBE–SD) method and eye-tracking analysis can compensate for the limitations of a single evaluation method by integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis. This research takes the Yi’an Fortress in Zhangpu County, Fujian Province, as the object and examines the visual experiences of different areas and types of landscapes within the Yi’an Fortress. The findings reveal several key insights: (1) Significant differences were found in the landscape experiences of different areas within the heritage site. The visual experience score of the core building area of Yi’an Fortress is (1.01) > the heritage entrance area (0.897) > the residential area (0.841) > the natural ecological area (0.784), indicating that the natural ecological area should be the focus of future protection and development efforts, with a particular emphasis on enhancing the ‘landscape aesthetic’ and ‘landscape cultural’ aspects. (2) The landscape experience scores can be used to understand the reasons for the differences in participants’ experiences of different landscapes. The architectural heritage landscape of the Yi’an Fortress scored highest in the experience evaluation due to its superior performance in terms of ‘landscape form’ factors. The cultural decorative landscape scored next, while the garden greening landscape scored the lowest, due to their poorer performance in terms of ‘landscape form’ and ‘landscape aesthetics’. (3) The eye-tracking data was consistent with the results of the subjective evaluation, validating the “subjective + objective” cognitive evaluation and visual perception framework, employing the SBE–SD method and eye-tracking analysis is a scientific and effective method for assessing the visual experience of heritage landscapes. These results provide a scientific basis for the heritage planners and managers of the Yi’an fortress to improve the landscape environment, better meet public needs, and preserve the unique character of this vital cultural resource. Furthermore, this study offers a new research method and approach for the protection of other heritage landscapes.

Visual Aesthetic Quality of Qianjiangyuan National Park Landscapes and Its Spatial Pattern Characteristics

This paper conducts a scientific assessment of aesthetic quality to provide intuitive and scientific planning strategies for national park construction. Focusing on Qianjiangyuan National Park, the study used the scenic beauty evaluation (SBE) method to subjectively assess landscape photos from 16 sample sites. Objective eye movement indicators describing visual behavior were also analyzed. A national park landscape visual quality assessment model was derived through multiple linear regressions correlating subjective evaluations with objective indicators. Spatial technologies like ArcGIS were used to analyze the visual quality and its spatial distribution. Key findings include (1) subjective evaluations showed higher SBE scores for wetland landscapes, followed by recreational, village, and forest landscapes, (2) eye movement behavior varied across landscape types, with the forest landscape having the shortest first fixation time and the lowest saccade frequency, while recreational landscapes had the lowest average saccade speed, (3) strong correlations were found between SBE and indicators such as average fixation time and saccade frequency, with fixation duration ratio being the leading factor influencing visual aesthetic quality, and (4) visual aesthetic quality was highest in the north and south areas of the park, with significant differences between sample sites in these regions compared to the central area. Among different functional zones, the ecological protection area had the highest quality, while the Suzhuang management area excelled in aesthetic quality compared to the Hetian management area.

Evaluasi Visual Lanskap Pada Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan Kota Malang

The colorful village of Jodipan in Malang City, East Java is a residential village in the city center. Kampung Warna-Warni is a slum settlement that has a higher population and building density. In 2017, a group of Public Relations students from the University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) initiated changes that succeeded in turning the Jodipan settlement, which originally looked shabby, into a beautiful and elegant area with colorful paint in the village. In this research, the method was obtained from survey results and documentation. In assessing the visual quality of the Jodipan Colorful Village landscape using the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. The recommendations produced in this research are in the form of recommendations for illustrative images such as adding landscape-forming elements (hardscape and softscape). Keyword: Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan,Visual Lanskap, SBE

An Assessment of Landscape Perception Using a Normalised Naturalness Index in the Greater Seoul Area

This study analysed the greater Seoul area (GSA) in terms of naturalness, a representative indicator of natural scenic beauty, and created an assessment map, shifting from a traditional urban development perspective to a landscape perspective. It also developed a “normalised naturalness index” by combining the results of the expert metric score with the Hemeroby index, which was used as a naturalness assessment representative item. Then, it interpreted the naturalness status of the GSA landscape characteristics. As a result, the landscape of the GSA demonstrates the following five characteristics: First, the central business districts in the capital city of Seoul are densely developed areas with a very high degree of human intervention. Second, the satellite cities built to solve Seoul’s housing and logistics problems are rated as “a little less, but still heavily humanised” as a landscape characteristic. These areas are becoming increasingly humanised. Also, it is worth noting that the third characteristic, regarding moderate landscape areas, has a distinctly different meaning for areas outside of the city boundary, as well as those within the city boundary. Although these areas are in the same statistical category, they have two different meanings: one is the area where the average values converged on “moderate” by virtue of urban forests near the city centre, and the other is the area outside of Seoul that has a Hemeroby value of 0.5–0.6, which refers to open spaces such as agricultural lands, wetlands, or coastal areas. Fourth, suburban forests are reserved with legal restrictions to curb excessive urban sprawl, as well as parts of the demilitarised zone along the border areas of North and South Koreas. The last landscape characteristic is illustrated in the scenic area of the eastern woodlands. The normalised landscape naturalness index developed through this study provides an overall understanding of the environmental state of the GSA. Future research may build on the results of this study to refine methods for assessing public perceptions of naturalness.

A A Case Study: Tourism Impact on the Inhabitants of Lake Sandoval – Tambopata National Reserve – Peru

Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of tourism on the inhabitants of Lake Sandoval in the Tambopata National Reserve – Peru. Theoretical Background: Developing tourism in Sandoval Lake is framed under the nature-based tourism, ecotourism and Community-based tourism, where the villagers are the main human resource to develop tourism activities, taking advantage of the scenic beauty of Sandoval Lake. Method: Applying a qualitative case study approach that followed a qualitative route and approach, through judgmental sampling, an in-depth interview was applied to all the entrepreneurs whose business is located around Sandoval Lake. Results and Conclusion: The villagers have developed businesses that offer tourist services such as lodging, restaurants and rain transportation, considering that they all descend from the same marriage, they perceive tourism as a main economic activity that allows them to improve their quality of life, contribute to the household economy and conserve the area. Implications of the Research: The study suggests that local managers should have greater communication with the villagers to develop effective management, this relationship will allow opening spaces for research in similar areas. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature on the impact of tourism in natural protected areas, especially in Lake Sandoval, considering that there is scarce literature on the area and even more so, given that the local people perceive tourism as a positive economic alternative in a region where illegal mining is prevalent and destroys the Amazonian forests. The relevance and value of this research is evidenced by the fact that it is the first research that directly investigates the impact of tourism as a main economic activity.

How the ecological structure affects the aesthetic atmosphere of the landscape: Evaluation of the landscape Beauty of Xingqing Palace Park in Xi'an.

In landscape appreciation, what tourists directly perceive is the atmosphere of the landscape. This paper introduces the concept of "Ecological Structure" from Gernot Böhme's theory of atmospheric aesthetics into the assessment of landscapes, utilizing atmosphere as a bridge between horticultural ecology, aesthetics, and culture. It examines the relationship between the objective environment and subjective perception. This study conducted a field survey of Xingqing Palace Park and selected the waterside plant landscape that directly reflects the atmosphere of the royal garden as the research object. In the first stage of this study, Scenic Beauty Estimation was used to evaluate the overall beauty of 32 landscape units; in the second stage, the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to evaluate the ecological structures that affect the garden landscape atmosphere; in the third stage, the two evaluation results of the Kendall's W concord coefficient test Analytic Hierarchy Process and Scenic Beauty Estimation have high consistency, which shows that the atmosphere is great value to the beauty of the landscape. This study provides designers with a means to create a garden atmosphere using ecological structures and provides new ideas for landscape design.

A New Approach to Landscape Visual Quality Assessment from a Fine-Tuning Perspective

A New Approach to Landscape Visual Quality Assessment from a Fine-Tuning Perspective

Motivational Factors for Participation in Domestic Marine Tourism: The Case of Marine Protected Areas of Dar es Salaam Coast, Tanzania

Domestic tourism has rapidly become one of the better options for enhancing social, economic, and environmental development in many countries. For a country to benefit from this option, the participation of citizens in tourism activities is highly encouraged. Several efforts have been made by the government of Tanzania to encourage its citizens to participate in tourism. Despite these efforts, there is still an absence of knowledge of what motivates citizens to visit Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The study was conducted in marine park reserves, namely Bongoyo, Mbudya, and Fungu Yasini-all located in the Indian Ocean in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania (Marine Park & Reserves, n.d.). The study adopted an exploratory research design to explore the factors that visitors consider important for participating in marine tourism. The study used a sample size of 60 respondents. The respondents were gathered using the convenience sampling technique. Data has been collected using questionnaires and telephone interviews and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v26. The partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was used to explore the statistical relationships between destination attributes and visitors’ psychological needs for their satisfaction. Findings indicate that psychological needs have a strong relationship with destination attributes. The destination attributes have a significant impact on satisfaction. The study revealed that resting and relaxation, pride, and novelty are the psychological needs that significantly influence satisfaction. Likewise, destination attributes that were mentioned by respondents as important were scenic beauty, clean water, cruising environment, and staff hospitality. It is recommended that service providers understand and match visitors’ psychological needs with destination attributes for their target markets and accordingly design the provision of products and services at affordable rates.

The link between waterfalls and biodiversity as a key element for sustainable development and tourism in Amazonian communities

The importance of waterfalls in the Ecuadorian Amazon is highlighted as a fundamental component for promoting sustainable development and boosting tourism in local communities. Indeed, it is emphasized that these natural spaces not only dazzle with their imposing scenic beauty, but also play a vital role in preserving the ecological balance and biological richness of the area. Consequently, their protection and care should be a priority in tourism development policies. It is also noted that nature tourism centered on waterfalls has enormous potential to generate significant economic benefits for the Amazonian populations. However, it should be noted that for these benefits to be truly sustainable over time, it is essential to implement conscious and responsible tourism initiatives that prevent the deterioration of ecosystems and ensure a fair and equitable distribution of the income generated. This research highlights the imperative need to embrace a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to protect and sustainably manage the waterfalls of the Ecuadorian Amazon, harmonising the optimisation of economic benefits for local communities, the application of responsible tourism practices and the enhancement of their ecological and cultural significance. Only through this holistic approach will it be possible to ensure the preservation of these natural treasures for future generations, while promoting equitable and environmentally friendly socio-economic development.

Valoración Contingente Dicotómica de tres servicios ecosistémicos de la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo, Ecuador

The moorland or paramo is a threatened ecosystem. The indiscriminate advance of the agricultural frontier is producing the loss of ecosystem services, especially water service. This research estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of the water users corresponding to the Municipality of Riobamba for the conservation of 3 ecosystem services: water service, soil conservation and scenic beauty of the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve (RPFCH). Four hundred and six surveys were applied by means of the double limit dichotomous contingent valuation method, using a maximum likelihood model in the Stata software. Four models were developed: simple limit, simple limit with other explanatory variables, double limit, and double limit with other explanatory variables, the latter being statistically more significant. As a result, it was determined that the WTP for the ecosystem service of water production is USD 0.84, for soil conservation USD 0.88 and for scenic beauty USD 0.81 per month that they would be willing to pay for the care of these services.

The Coastal Scenery of São Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago: Implications for Coastal Management

In this study, coastal scenic beauty was assessed at 29 sites at São Miguel, which is one of the Azores Islands, i.e., a group of remote volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. The assessment was based on in situ observations and the use of the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES), which consists of a checklist with 26 physical- and anthropic-weighted parameters and the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) mathematical tool. The study sites were classified into five classes according to their typology and their scenic value, ranging from Class I (natural sites of great scenic beauty) to Class V (unattractive, urbanized sites). Concerning beach typology, 13% were remote, 28% rural, 28% village, and 31% urban. Concerning scenic beauty, 10% of the sites belonged to Class I, 14% to Class II, 17% to Class III, 31% to Class IV, and 28% to Class V. The physical parameters were linked to the characteristics of the geological volcanic landscapes, and the anthropic parameters essentially reflected the presence of tourism and public services. The results of the assessment provide a scientific basis for developing a management strategy for the preservation and conservation of the coastal areas and their sustainable development.

Ways to Protect the Environments of the Itaúnas Cloud Fish - Xenurolebias Myersi (Carvalho, 1971) – Inhabitant of the Restinga Swamps, Conceição Da Barra, Northern Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Itaúnas is a locality of rare scenic beauty, with white sand dunes in the middle of the savanna coastal environments, known as restinga, and many flooded pools, forming a unique landscape. In these ponds of dark water, matte tea colored, lives a fish, _Xenurolebias myersi, _an endemic inhabitant of Itaúnas. The survival of this unique little fish is worrisome. The living environments of the Itaúnas cloud fish are under pressure, and it is threatened with extinction as well. As inhabiting temporary, almost isolated environments, this fish is almost unknown. Locally, the population is unaware that the region is inhabited by an endangered fish, which only exists there in Itaúnas. A form of protection comes through the awareness of their presence among the population of the village. The present contribution aims to shed light on the knowledge of _Xenurolebias myersi_, in order to turn the fish better known locally, and point out the urgency to protect the Velha Antonia stream, a river drainage closer to the village of Itaúnas, where the fish was caught for the first time.

Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal dan Estetika Berbasis Analisis Tapak dan Persepsi User Taman Kota Depok

The condition of Parks in Depok City has become unmaintained since the covid-19 pandemic due to restrictions on the number of visitors. On the other hand, a comfortable park can improve health. This study identifies existing conditions and analyzes thermal comfort and aesthetics in Taman Lembah Gurame, Taman Lembah Mawar, and Taman Merdeka based on site analysis and users’ perceptions. Evaluation of thermal comfort using Thermal Humidity Index (THI) analysis, while evaluation of landscape aesthetic using the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. The perception and preference of respondents using descriptive statistical analysis methods. The THI analysis result showed that the thermal comfort of three city parks was classified as uncomfortable to very uncomfortable. However, the aesthetic assessment in Taman Lembah Gurame and Taman Lembah Mawar was highly aesthetic, while Taman Merdeka was lowly aesthetic. It could be caused by planting design, layout, and activities on-site, which makes users more tolerant of the thermal comfort of parks. Improving facilities and adding flowering plants and shady trees are needed to make city parks more comfortable, beautiful, also adaptive in the new normal era.