Scene Management Research Articles

Crime Scene: A Mystic Place

This document highlights the essential role of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) in modern forensic science, emphasizing the need for systematic protocols to preserve evidence integrity. In the U.S., a request for CSI services acts as a formal agreement, requiring a thorough evaluation of the requesting agency’s needs and the lab’s capabilities, a process that differs significantly in India. Effective CSI involves identifying the scene, collecting and securing evidence, and reconstructing events to establish facts. Advanced forensic techniques, including DNA analysis and comprehensive documentation, enhance the credibility of evidence, transforming speculation into definitive conclusions about guilt or innocence. The document addresses challenges such as human interference, which necessitates rigorous protocols to protect evidence and maintain scene integrity. Meticulous documentation is vital, as even small oversights can undermine investigations. It also examines the impact of technological advancements, particularly the rise of cybercrime, which introduces unique challenges due to anonymity. Additionally, it underscores the legal obligations of investigators, focusing on the critical need to maintain a clear chain of custody. Recent court rulings emphasize evolving evidence collection standards, especially for digital data, which must be handled carefully to safeguard privacy. Ultimately, robust crime scene management and scientific analysis are essential for delivering justice in both conventional and cybercrime cases.

Factors affecting the accuracy of prehospital triage application and prehospital scene time in simulated mass casualty incidents

BackgroundThe contemporary management of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) relies on the effective application of predetermined, dedicated response plans based on current best evidence. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding the factors influencing the accuracy of first responders (FRs) in applying the START protocol and the associated prehospital times during the response to MCIs. The objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting FRs’ accuracy in performing prehospital triage in a series of simulated mass casualty exercises. Secondly, we assessed factors affecting triage-to-scene exit time in the same series of exercises.MethodsThis retrospective study focused on simulated casualties in a series of simulated MCIs Full Scale Exercises. START triage was the triage method of choice. For each Full-Scale Exercise (FSEx), collected data included exercise and casualty-related information, simulated casualty vital parameters, simulated casualty anatomic lesions, scenario management times, and responder experience.ResultsAmong the 1090 casualties included in the primary analysis, 912 (83.6%) were correctly triaged, 137 (12.6%) were overtriaged, and 41 (3.7%) were undertriaged. The multinomial regression model indicated that increasing heart rate (RRR = 1.012, p = 0.008), H-AIS (RRR = 1.532, p < 0.001), and thorax AIS (T-AIS) (RRR = 1.344, p = 0.007), and lower ISS (RRR = 0.957, p = 0.042) were independently associated with overtriage. Undertriage was significantly associated with increasing systolic blood pressure (RRR = 1.013, p = 0.005), AVPU class (RRR = 3.104 per class increase), and A-AIS (RRR = 1.290, p = 0.035). The model investigating the factors associated with triage-to-scene departure time showed that the assigned prehospital triage code red (TR = 0.841, p = 0.002), expert providers (TR = 0.909, p = 0.015), and higher peripheral oxygen saturation (TR = 0.998, p < 0.001) were associated with a reduction in triage-to-scene departure time. Conversely, increasing ISS was associated with a longer triage-to-scene departure time (TR = 1.004, 0.017).ConclusionsUnderstanding the predictors influencing triage and scene management decision-making by healthcare professionals responding to a mass casualty may facilitate the development of tailored training pathways regarding mass casualty triage and scene management.

Forensic Procedures in Electronic Crime Scene Management and Police Investigations

Forensic Procedures in Electronic Crime Scene Management and Police Investigations

Paramedic occupational violence: A qualitative examination of aggressive behaviour during out-of-hospital care

Occupational violence (OV) is an insidious problem for emergency medical services with continued high levels of paramedic exposure despite significant education and resources devoted to mitigation. Though there is considerable data on the epidemiology of the phenomenon, the available evidence on the experiences of paramedics exposed to acts of violence during healthcare is limited. Utilising a generic qualitative approach and a semi-structured interview framework, we examined the perceptions and experiences of 25 Australian paramedics who had been exposed to incidents of patient-initiated violence during out-of-hospital care. A general inductive methodology and a first- and second-cycle coding process assisted in the development of the principal concepts of the patient and the paramedic from the raw data. Subsequently, a further four main themes and 15 secondary themes were developed which characterise the influence of social interaction on the evolution of paramedic OV. The results of this study provide a unique insight into the phenomenon of paramedic OV. As opposed to the rudimentary manifestation of aggression typically endorsed by emergency medical services, aggressive behaviour during healthcare presents as a judicious interaction of dynamic scene management and situational context. The social interactions that occur during healthcare, and the premises which both promote and suppress this connection, were identified to exert significant influence on the evolution of aggressive behaviour. The consequences of these findings challenge traditional violence mitigation strategies which seek to position the patient as both the focal point of initiation and the key to its extenuation.

Gendering Security Sector Reform through Capacity Building? The MINUSMA Specialized Police Team on Crime Scene Management

ABSTRACT This article studies norm translation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda by interrogating the ways in which external support can contribute to gendering the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Through a case study of a Norwegian-led Specialized Police Team which provided capacity building in crime scene management to Malian Security Forces as part of the UN mission in Mali, it analyses how different understandings of gender inform gender mainstreaming practice. The analysis shows that while the Norwegian officers worked actively to promote gender equality and women’s participation, the possibilities for capacity building to contribute to a gendering of the security sector are limited by the lack of more transformative understandings of gender to inform practice.

Constructing a game engine: A proposed game engine architecture course for undergraduate students

Constructing a game engine: A proposed game engine architecture course for undergraduate students

Challenges facing Palestinian crime scene investigators

BackgroundCrime scene investigation (CSI) in general means the standard procedures and techniques used for processing and reconstructing of scene of crime. In Palestine, the competent authorities delegated by law to carry out the task of research and investigation of crimes and inspection at the crime scene are the officers granted by law the status of the judicial police. CSIs face numerous challenges that affect every worker involved. These challenges arise from legal, administrative, security, and technical aspects. This study aimed to point out the challenges faced by field police personnel during CSI in Palestine. To achieve the aims of this study, a validated and reliable questionnaire was developed. The study sample consisted of 354 crime scene investigators and officers affiliated with the Palestinian Civil Police (PCP) across all governorates of the West Bank.ResultsIn addition to the training of CSI officers, and shortage of equipment, the findings of this study indicate that there are many challenges amplified by the Israeli occupation facing PCP officers concerning crime scene management and technical procedures during CSIs such as the collection, transportation, and storage of forensic evidence. Overlapping responsibilities and difficulties in coordinating specialized agencies working at the crime scene are also factors that should be better studied.ConclusionThis study invites decision-makers within the Palestinian police agencies to prioritize efforts to address the significant challenges encountered by workers at crime scenes. They should give special attention on enhancing training programs and providing the necessary tools and devices for effective crime scene work. It also recommends Palestinian representatives at international stage to highlight the obstacles facing workers at crime scenes due to the occupation.

The artificial intelligence in autopsy and crime scene analysis.

In the evolving field of forensic medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may revolutionize traditional autopsy practices by enhancing the precision and efficiency of postmortem examinations. A review of the literature was carried out on the Pub-med and Scopus search engines by inserting the keywords "artificial intelligence" AND "forensic" AND ("autopsy" OR "crime scene management" OR "forensic odontology" OR "post mortem interval" OR "forensic anthropology" OR "forensic sciences"). The works that analyzed the applications of artificial intelligence in the forensic and autopsy field were analyzed. The results showed the application of different forms of artificial intelligence such as machine learning, deep learning, robotics, artificial neural networks. Various applications are therefore possible in the autopsy field including forensic identification, analysis of radiological data through Virtopsy, estimation of the weapon used through analysis of firearm damage with ballistics, estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI), forensic toxicology. AI's potential to aid in the precise identification of causes of death, estimation of postmortem intervals. With forensic pathologists facing the constant challenge of making accurate diagnoses under pressure, AI applications can offer much-needed support by reducing subjective judgment and the inherent human error due to fatigue. Therefore, the integration of AI into autopsies, while promising in terms of efficiency and accuracy, demands a careful balance between technological advancement and ethical responsibility to ensure trust and integrity in forensic practices.

The Use of Forensic Evidences in Investigations and Prosecution in International Criminal Proceedings. Case Study of International Criminal Court (ICC)

From 1990s, a rising number of international and hybrid criminal tribunals and since 2002, the International Criminal Court have conducted various investigations on international crimes including crime against humanity, genocide and war crimes in various countries worldwide. These judicial organs have repeatedly relied upon witness’s testimonies, information and assistance from a wide variety of sources including governments, journalists, peacekeepers, human rights researchers and intelligence specialists and few forensic scientists, wherein some of these information and reports were driven by politics. Even though such information were very benefitting “there have also been many mishaps, misunderstandings in terms of differentiating information and evidence and missed opportunities in view of finding out the truth in way that information that could potentially have been of great use to criminal cases was lost or was collected or preserved in a manner that made it unusable at trial.” In today’s era, where there is a remarkable technological development in forensic science, it is time to use forensic methods in investigation of international crimes since a number of scientific and technological advances have improved the ability to document large-scale crimes with efficiency and precision. Yet, only in recent years have international criminal courts and other fact-finding institutions begun to embrace these innovations. There is a need of forensic science in investigating and prosecuting offenders of atrocities than traditional use of testimonies which are not easy to be relied on but still some legal and administrative issues still hinder the successful use of forensic evidences in investigating and prosecuting in international criminal proceedings. The present research focused on the practical use of forensic evidences like; pathology and DNA in exhumation of mass grave for determination of cause, manner and mechanism of death but to locate, excavate and exhume mass graves to produce forensic evidences of atrocities and to returning victims to loved ones and also discussed as tools for justice, humanitarian and documentation.The research also revealed the problems which are not only limited to the legal challenges of insufficiency of forensic evidence admissibility regulations and their maintenance of chain of custody, but also there are administrative issues like, lack of fund to be used during forensic investigation activities including, crime scene examination, collection of evidence and laboratory International Journal of Forensic Sciences 2 Thierry MB and Fred K. The Use of Forensic Evidences in Investigations and Prosecution in International Criminal Proceedings. Case Study of International Criminal Court (ICC). Int J Forens Sci 2024, 9(2): 000380. Copyright© Thierry MB and Fred K. examination of forensic evidence and all these can lead to unnecessary complications and prolongation criminal proceedings in international criminal court hence breach of fair trial principle. Finally, the research proposed reforms by establishing specific regulations related to the admissibility of forensic evidences in international criminal proceedings and chain of custody of forensic evidences as well as harmonizing the standard operating procedure of forensic investigation to regulate scientific investigation activities including, Crime Scene Management, Evidence Collection, Examination of forensic evidences and forensic expert report writing in investigation and prosecution of international criminal proceeding and also detailed mandate to solve administrative issues.

Optimization of Artificial Intelligence-based Dynamic Scene Generation and Perception Mechanism in Virtual Reality

Abstract Virtual reality, as a computer simulation system that can create virtual environments, is a fusion of multiple key technologies that are applied in different fields with important practical value and significance. This paper focuses on optimizing the artificial intelligence-based dynamic scene generation and perception mechanism in virtual reality. Firstly, a virtual dynamic scene generation method combining scene management technology and image rendering technology is proposed. In order to optimize the dynamic scene perception mechanism in virtual reality, a perception model based on spatial interaction perception and based on the analysis of user dynamic interaction is proposed. A two-layer perception management strategy is proposed. The paper finally uses the virtual reality technology proposed in this paper to create a Chinese classical garden attraction in a scenic spot. It carries out modeling accuracy assessment and comparison experiments and invites garden professionals and tourists to evaluate the overall effect of the virtual scene. The survey results show that more than 80% of the tourists are satisfied with the generation of the dynamic scene and think that it has spatial continuity and immersive experience.

Development and Assessment of a Curriculum to Train Medical Students to Respond to Motor Vehicle Collisions in the Community

BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers may encounter opportunities to aid victims of motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in the community as a bridge to pre-hospital care. Little is known about providers’ experience, comfort, and knowledge in responding to community MVCs. Our objective was to describe the development of a novel curriculum for educating providers on responding to community MVCs as part of a 6-session medical student elective course on community emergencies. METHODS: We performed a needs assessment through a survey sent to a multi-center convenience sample of physicians, resident trainees, and mid-level providers. We measured the frequency in which providers encountered MVCs as well as used a 5-Point Likert scale to assess their comfort responding, barriers to helping, and interest in learning more about assisting in MVCs. Free text responses about topics of interest were solicited and categorized into common themes. An educational session for medical students on responding to MVCs in the community was informed by the survey of healthcare providers. A pre- and post-course survey using a 5-Point Likert Scale was administered one month before and after the course to assess medical students’ comfort assisting in an MVC. RESULTS: There were 132 respondents to our needs assessment survey (122 MDs, 6 NPs, and 4 PAs). The most common specialties were general pediatrics (n=43, 33%), emergency medicine (n=25, 19%), and pediatric emergency medicine (n=24, 18%). Fifty-seven (43%) of the providers had the opportunity to assist in 1 or more MVCs, with 50 (89%) providing care at that time. Of providers with over 20 years in practice, 70% had the opportunity to aid in a community MVC (Figure 1). Forty-three (33%) of the providers stated they were “somewhat uncomfortable” or “very uncomfortable” assisting in an MVC. Eighty (62%) of the providers were “somewhat” or “very interested” in learning more about the topic. Provider respondents (n= 107, 81%) gave free text responses with most questions relating to preparedness, scene management, and sociolegal concerns such as liability. Eighty medical students participated in the elective course in community emergencies (53 first-years, 23 second-years, 3 third-years, and 1 fourth-year), which included a 75-minute session on responding to MVCs in the community comprised of a didactic, case presentations, and discussion. Based on the needs assessment, the session included content on Good Samaritan laws and liability, equipment preparedness, and specific aspects of on-scene management. Pre-course, medical students reported a median Likert Score of 2 (somewhat uncomfortable) for assisting in a community MVC, IQR (1,3). Post-course, the median Likert Score was 4 (somewhat comfortable), IQR (3,4). CONCLUSION: Health care providers are likely to have an opportunity to assist in community MVCs. Survey results informed learning needs for a medical student course that improved their comfort in responding to community MVCs. Future work will use survey content to inform a literature review article.

Inclusive Innovations in Forensic Epistemology and Pedagogy: A Proposed Framework

Scientific temper in evidence processing using forensic knowledge reposes public faith in justice system. Forensic science is a blend of various disciplines, including art, pure sciences, and humanities, with experiment-oriented scientific validation. Forensics and law are intertwined precepts enabling translational impact on the legal system in pursuit of truth to ensure flawless justice. Worldwide, forensics intensely involves both doctrinal and clinical perspectives, largely converging on scientific theories and laboratory experiments to construe expert opinion, and similar pedagogy must be adopted in India as envisaged under the New Education Policy-2020. 3 In legal parlance, forensic inputs are secondary evidence, but primarily used for corroboration for exploring missing links in the chain of events. Due to multi-disciplinary content knowledge sharing during forensic studies, though fascinating, poses pedagogical challenges. Globally, imparting significance of procedural law, the backbone of forensic evidence, is largely missing from forensic education. Expert opinion is contested in courtrooms on ground of admissibility in terms of reliability and validity including protection of chain of custody necessary to avoid manipulation or tampering of samples which is prime root cause for miscarriage of justice. This article deliberates upon an entwined framework of epistemology and pedagogy for imparting holistic understanding of law and science in forensic education. We propose three verticals for forensic pedagogy: (i) crime scene management for scientific handling of articles and traces; (ii) laboratory experimentation and forensic report writing and (ii) translating expert opinion into legal evidence and its presentation during the court proceedings.

Examining the relationship between the pre-hospital incident scene management of the paramedic students and their anxiety levels and perception of leadership

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the pre-hospital incident scene management of paramedic students and their anxiety levels and perception of leadership. The sample of this descriptive correlational study consisted of 2nd-year students (N=157) attending the associate degree program of the vocational school of healthcare services in two universities located in the eastern Turkey. No sample selection was used and the study was completed with 130 students. The data were collected using Socio-Demographic Data Form, Incident Scene Description Form, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale. The data were analyzed using number, percentage distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Normally distributed data were analyzed by correlation analysis. It was found that 65.4% of the participants were female, 69.2% received education on incident scene at the university, 52.3% stated that this education was adequate, 58.5% received education on leadership and crisis management at the university, and 60.7% had no further suggestions for their education at the university. The mean scores of the students' knowledge on incident scene management were 15.77±4.5, their total mean scores of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale were 35.38±10.31, and their total mean scores of the Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale were 57.77±20.26. A statistically significant negative very weak correlation was found between the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale (r=-0.225, p<0.010). The results of this study revealed that the students had a low level of knowledge about crime scene management. As their anxiety levels increased, their perception of leadership decreased. It can be suggested to organize in-service and simulation trainings that will increase students' awareness of the courses related to crime scene management in their curriculum.

Mitigation of risk, effective communication and scene management of major incidents

Communication and collaborative working between emergency services at the scene of a major incident are paramount to gain the best outcome for patients and the wider public. This module aims to improve knowledge around joint emergency service interoperability principle (JESIP) and the importance of interoperable working between agencies, the various roles involved and the fundamental guidelines of risk assessment, safety, and management of a hazardous scene.

Safety BIM intelligent modeling analysis of prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge construction scene

BIM intelligent modeling is used to analyze the safety of the construction scene of prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge, so as to realize the safety management of the bridge construction scene and improve the construction efficiency. The construction safety analysis system is used to analyze the binding data of construction safety, and the data is combined with the self-applicable equilibrium control and the game equilibrium control to build the construction scene safety objective function model. On this basis, combined with the control constraints of the whole life cycle, the statistical analysis regression model is used to build the scene safety analysis model based on BIM. The whole life cycle safety intelligent analysis of the construction scene is realized, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model by adaptive differential evolution, so as to shorten the calculation time of the model. The experimental results show that the safety management performance of the proposed method is high, and the safety management evaluation grade is 285. The identification accuracy of main beam stress change is high. Under the conditions of unbalanced load, combination of unbalanced load and prestress, combination of wind load and prestress and unbalanced load, the safety analysis of upper edge stress and lower edge stress of main beam can be effectively completed, and the construction safety of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge can be realized.

Understanding In-Situ Programming for Smart Home Automation

Programming a smart home is an iterative process in which users configure and test the automation during the in-situ experience with IoT space. However, current end-user programming mechanisms are primarily preset configurations on GUI and fail to leverage in-situ behaviors and context. This paper proposed in-situ programming (ISP) as a novel programming paradigm for AIoT automation that extensively leverages users' natural in-situ interaction with the smart environment. We built a Wizard-of-Oz system and conducted a user-enactment study to explore users' behavior models in this paradigm. We identified a dynamic programming flow in which participants iteratively configure and confirm through query, control, edit, and test. We especially identified a novel method "snapshot" for automation configuration and a novel method "simulation" for automation testing, in which participants leverage ambient responses and in-situ interaction. Based on our findings, we proposed design spaces on dynamic programming flow, coherency and clarity of interface, and state and scene management to build an ideal in-situ programming experience.

Effects of a Theory-based Educational Intervention on Skills of Emergency Medical Service Personnel for Scene Management in Chemical Accidents

Background: Scene management in accidents reduces losses, speeds treatment, and facilitates immediate victim transfer. Learning the related skills through theory-based educational intervention makes this task possible. This study aimed to determine the effect of theory-based educational intervention on emergency medical personnel skills to manage the scene in chemical accidents. Materials and Methods: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measurements. Using the random sampling method, 70 emergency medical technicians working in Qazvin Province, Iran, were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included demographic questions and scales to assess the theory of planned behavior. The intervention program consisted of 4 sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 23 using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 35.03±5.57 years, and 82.6% (57 people) were married. After the intervention, the Mean±SD scores of attitudes (40.11±4.77), subjective norms (15.06±4.27), perceived behavior control (18.53±2.55), and behavioral intention (8.49±2.27) increased significantly in the experimental group (P&lt;0.001). Also, the self-report behavior in the experimental group improved significantly (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Theory-based educational intervention improved psychological variables and safe behaviors in chemical accident management. Implementing educational interventions based on this theory enhances the safety performance of medical emergency technicians in chemical accidents.

Crime Scene in Cybercrime Criminal Offenses: Evidence Management and Processing

Since the 1990s, when the first computers were introduced as workplace tools and the technological expansion began, computers, information technologies, and the internet have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Computers are now an essential tool in all aspects of life, including business, telecommunications, and personal use. Given the increased use of information technologies in our businesses and daily lives, it is not surprising that computer-related crimes are on the rise. The widespread use of computers in our society has resulted in a rapid rise in issues and problems associated with crime, particularly cybercrime. As cybercrime committed via the internet and computer networks becomes more prevalent, courts require technical personnel who are experts in this field. The proper legal framework and division of investigative responsibility are not always clear. Law enforcement faces new challenges as it works to improve its capacity to investigate and prosecute cybercrime. This paper discusses crime scene management for cybercrime criminal offenses. So, we aim to research and present in the most meaningful way what the crime scene is, how site inspection is carried out, how the crime scene is preserved and secured, and what the crime scene documentation is, knowing that traces and material evidence in cybercrime cases occupy a special place in the investigative process.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 17 November 2022 / Accepted: 12 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The effectiveness of online Visually Enhanced Mental Simulation in developing casualty triage and management skills of paramedic program students: A quasi-experimental research study

Paramedics who perform patient triaging in case of a mass casualty incident generally receive triage training during their undergraduate educational program. Triage training can be facilitated using various simulation modalities together with theoretical training. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online scenario-based Visually Enhanced Mental Simulation (VEMS) on developing the casualty triage and management skills of paramedic students. The study was conducted using a single-group pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design. The study was carried out in October 2020 with 20 volunteer students studying in the First and Emergency Aid program of a university in Turkey. After the online theoretical crime scene management and triage course, students completed a demographic questionnaire and a pre-VEMS assessment. They then took part in the online VEMS training and eventually completed the post-VEMS assessment. At the end of the session, they filed an online survey concerning VEMS. There is a statistically significant increase in the scores obtained by the students between the pre- and post-educational intervention assessment (p<0.05). The majority of the students gave positive feedback concerning VEMS as an educational approach. The results show that online VEMS is effective in helping paramedic students acquire casualty triage and management skills and that students thought it was an effective educational approach.

Design of Emergency Simulation Training Scene Construction System Based on Grid Model Interactive Correlation Technology

The construction of power grid emergency simulation training scenario can optimize the emergency treatment effect of staff on power grid equipment failure. Therefore, this paper designs an emergency simulation training scenario construction system based on the Interactive Association Technology of power grid model. When the user sends the data access request in the interface layer and transmits it to the data and interaction layer, the power grid information physical system based on Association characteristic matrix is used to build the emergency simulation training scenario The model method extracts the specific information of the electrical equipment structure needed for the emergency simulation training, and feedback it to the environment and simulation management layer. The three-level scene management module takes the form of data interaction in the model library module to get the specific information of the electrical network equipment structure for emergency simulation training, and realizes the construction of the emergency simulation training scene through 3D rendering technology, and uses it in the scene management program. The emergency simulation training scene management method based on slow elimination algorithm can deal with the problem of “sudden crossing” in the scene, so as to optimize the construction effect of emergency simulation training scene. After testing, the simulation training scene of the designed system is more realistic, which has a positive impact on the emergency treatment effect of power grid equipment failure.