Use Of Scenarios Research Articles

Influence of heat gains on heat recovery in a two-zone-industrial building with several available hot refuse flows

Several refuse hot air flows with different flow rates and temperature potential are often generated by an industrial building. A recovery heat exchanger in an industrial building is used to heat incoming air for space heating by using the enthalpies of some mixture of these refuse hot-air flows. A proper scenario for use of their enthalpies is essential for efficient management of the energy system. Moreover, there are also in these buildings different heat gains so as from lightance and machines used in production process. Using a steady-state, bottom-up approach, a set of equations has been obtained. These equations have been linearized and linear programming used to develop LINEHG software. This software has been used for an industrial building with three refuse air flows, hotter and colder building zones and heat gains in these zones to obtain a use scenario corresponding to the highest energy-saving efficiency and minimum life-cycle costs of the recovery-heat exchanger. Depending on the heat gains in the colder and hotter zone of the industrial building, the enthalpies of different refuse-air flows can be recovered in different ways.

Landscaping climate change: a mapping technique for understanding science and technology debates on the World Wide Web

New World Wide Web (web) mapping techniques may inform and ultimately facilitate meaningful participation in current science and technology debates. The technique described here “landscapes” a debate by displaying key “webby” relationships between organizations. “Debate-scaping” plots two organizational positionings—the organizations' inter-hyperlinking as well as their discursive affinities. The underlying claim is that hyperlinking and discursive maps provide a semblance of given socio-epistemic networks on the web. The climate change debate on the web in November 1998 serves as a test case. Three findings are reported. First, distinctive .com, .gov and .org linking styles were found. Second, organizations take care in making hyperlinks, leading to the premise that the hyperlinks (and the “missing links”) reveal which issue and debate framings organizations acknowledge, and find acceptable and unacceptable. Finally, it was learned that organizations take substantive positions and address other organizations' positions. Thus, we found the makings of a “debate” that may be mapped. Scenarios of use to support new public participation techniques and experiments are discussed by way of conclusion.

WBCSim: A Prototype Problem Solving Environment for Wood-Based Composites Simulations

This paper describes a computing environment named WBCSim that is intended to increase the productivity of wood scientists conducting research on wood-based composite materials. WBCSim integrates Fortran 77-based simulation codes with a graphical front end, an optimization tool, and a visualization tool. WBCSim serves as a prototype for the design, construction, and evaluation of larger scale problem solving (computing) environments. Several different wood-based composite material simulations are supported. A detailed description of the prototype''s software architecture and a typical scenario of use are presented. The system converts output from the simulations to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) for visualizing simulation results.

Industrial greenhouse gas emissions: Does CO2 from combustion of biomass residue for energy really matter?

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 13:221-229 (1999) - doi:10.3354/cr013221 Industrial greenhouse gas emissions: Does CO2 from combustion of biomass residue for energy really matter? Neal Lineback1,*, Taylor Dellinger2, Lori Felix Shienvold3, Brian Witcher4, Audrey Reynolds1, Lawrence E. Brown5 1Department of Geography and Planning and 5Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA 2Western Piedmont Council of Governments, Hickory, North Carolina 28607, USA 3Environmental Systems Research Institute, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, USA 4Department of Geography, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA *E-mail: linebackng@appstate.edu ABSTRACT: Woody biomass fuel combustion for industrial heating and processing is increasing in northwestern North Carolina. Sources are mainly biomass waste and residues, including sawdust and chips from the furniture and wood processing industries, greenwood chips from construction sites and right-of-way clearing operations, and wood removed from landfill streams. This paper evaluates 5 hypothetical scenarios for use and disposal of biomass waste to demonstrate effects of industrial combustion of this biofuel on the greenhouse gas emissions bundle. Conclusions are that use of biomass residue as a fuel can be a positive strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. KEY WORDS: Biomass combustion · Industrial biofuel · Industrial fuel switching · Greenhouse gas Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 13, No. 3. Online publication date: December 10, 1999 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 1999 Inter-Research.

Network communities

Network Communities is a new project starting in Sun Laboratories at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Our goal is to develop new technologies to support distributed work groups so that they can conveniently find the right expertise at the right time. Our experience in studying distributed work groups has indicated that accomplishing their work often relies on personal networking with their colleagues. For example, among the system support engineers who provide technical support to our customers, when a customer has a technical problem, the engineers sometimes need to network with their colleagues around the world to find out who has the right expertise to resolve their problem. This can be a hit or miss process, and the engineers are looking for ways of helping them be more efficient and effective in finding the right expertise at the right time.We've been intrigued with the popularity of virtual community technologies in on-line socializing, and particularly the ways they have engaged people to invest time and effort into building their community on-line. Studies of virtual communities suggest that they encourage people to engage in social networking [Wellman et al., 1996]. It's interesting to note that they achieve such engagement using relatively simple technology (typically text chat rooms), and usually without tangible rewards outside of the social status within the virtual community.We would like to apply virtual community technologies to help support the social networking that our distributed work groups need to do to accomplish their work. We plan to apply ethnographic methods to study how a particular distributed work group accomplishes their work, and use that information to guide the design of a prototype system to support their work [1]. We will then deploy that system into the work group and observe how they use it over time. Although we have not designed our system yet, we imagine the following scenario of use.

AbstFinder, A Prototype Natural Language Text Abstraction Finder for Use in Requirements Elicitation

Abstraction identification is named as a key problem in requirements analysis. Typically, the abstrac-tions must be found among the large mass of natural language text collected from the clients and users. This paper motivates and describes a new approach, based on traditional signal processing methods. for finding abstractions in natural language text and offers a new tool, AbstFinder as an implementation of this approach. The advantages and disadvantages of the approach and the design of the tool are discussed in detail. Various scenarios for use of the tool are offered. Some of these scenarios were used in case study of the effectiveness of rhe tool on an industrial-strength example of finding abstractions in a request for proposals.

Mobile Multimodality—Design and Development of the SmartKom Companion

This article describes the SmartKom Companion, one of three demonstrators developed within the SmartKom project whose goal has been to provide an intuitive and intelligent interface for non-expert users to everyday computer-based applications in different scenarios of use. Conceived for the SmartKom Mobile scenario, the Companion allows intuitive multimodal interaction for drivers and pedestrians. The development of the SmartKom prototypes was constantly accompanied by Wizard-of-Oz experiments as well as system evaluations at different stages of the project. Some usability evaluation results relative to the SmartKom Companion will also be presented.

Control regions for heat recovery in an industrial building with several hot refuse flows

In an industrial building, several refuse hot-air flows (RHAF) are often available. We use a recovery heat exchanger (RHE) to heat incoming air for space heating by using a mixture of these RHAFs. A proper scenario for use of their heat contents is essential for efficient control of the energy system to achieve the greatest energy-saving efficiency. Software has been used in an industrial building with three RHAFs to control their mixtures. Depending on the temperatures of the colder and hotter zones of the industrial building and the outside temperature, we can find regions for use of RHAF mixtures of particular compositions and avoid energy losses while maintaining good thermal comfort in the building.

Becoming social: Expanding scenario-based approaches in HCI

Abstract Scenarios of use support the integration of cognitive and organizational approaches to human-computer interaction HCI by providing a rich representation of activity from which cognitive and organizational perspectives can be developed. In this paper, a 'cognitive' approach to scenario-based analysis and design-one focused on causal relationships implicit in episodes of individual problem-solving and learning-is extended by emphasizing an organizational work view of social causes and effects.

Linear programming applied to an industrial building with several available hot refuse flows

We use a recovery heat exchanger (RHE) in an industrial building to heat incoming air for space heating by using the heat contents of some of the refuse hot-air flows (RAF). Several RAFs are often available with different flow rates and temperatures. A proper scenario for use of their heat contents is essential for efficient management of the energy system. Using a steady-state, bottom-up approach, we have obtained a set of equations that we have linearized. Linear programming (LP) is then used and LINE software has been developed. This software has been used for an industrial building with three RAFs to obtain a use scenario corresponding to the highest energy-saving efficiency and minimum life-cycle costs of the RHE. Depending on the RHE size, temperatures and flow rates of the RAFs, and the outside temperature, we can recover the heat contents of different RAFs in different ways.

HYDROLOGIC SCENARIOS FOR SEVERE SUSTAINED DROUGHT IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the risk of drought and develops drought scenarios for use in the study of severe sustained drought in the Southwestern United States. The focus is on the Colorado River Basin and regions to which Colorado River water is exported, especially southern California, which depends on water from the Colorado River. Drought scenarios are developed using estimates of unimpaired historic streamflow as well as reconstructions of streamflow based on tree ring widths. Drought scenarios in the Colorado River Basin are defined on the basis of annual flow at Lees Ferry. The risk, in terms of return period, of the drought scenarios developed, is assessed using stochastic models.

Climate change scenarios for the assessments of the climate change on regional ecosystems

This paper outlines the different methods which may be used for the construction of regional climate change scenarios. The main focus of the paper is the construction of regional climate change scenarios from climate change experiments carried out using General Circulation Models (GCMs). An introduction to some GCM climate change experiments highlights the difference between model types and experiments (e.g. equilibrium or transient). The latest generation of climate change experiments have been performed using fully coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs. These allow transient simulations of climate change to be performed with respect to a given greenhouse gas forcing scenario. There are, however, a number of problems with these simulations which pose difficulties for the construction of climate change scenarios for use in climate change impacts assessment. The characteristics of the transient climate change experiments which pose difficulties for the construction of climate change scenarios are discussed. Three examples of these problems are: different climate change experiments use different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios; the “cold-start” problem which makes it hard to link future projections of climate change a given calendar year; and the drift of the climate is noticeable in the control simulations. In order to construct climate change scenarios for impacts assessment a method has therefore to be employed which addresses these problems. At present the climate modelling and climate change impacts communities are somewhat polarised in their approach to spatial scales. Current GCMs model the climate at resolutions larger than 2.5° × 3.75°, while the majority of impacts assessment studies are undertaken at scales below 50 km (or 0.5°). This paper concludes by addressing the problems in bringing together these two different modelling perspectives by presenting a number of regional climate change scenarios.

The source hydrology of severe sustained drought in the southwestern United States

This paper considers the risk of drought and develops drought scenarios for use in the study of severe sustained drought in the southwestern United States. The focus is on the Colorado River basin and regions to which Colorado River water is exported, especially southern California, which depends on water from the Colorado River as well as the four major rivers in northern California. Drought scenarios are developed using estimates of unimpaired historic streamflow as well as reconstructions of streamflow based on tree ring widths. Drought scenarios in the Colorado River are defined on the basis of annual flow at Lees Ferry. Possible spatial manifestations of the Colorado River drought scenarios for input into a Colorado River system simulation model are developed by disaggregating the Lees Ferry flow to monthly flows at 29 source locations required by the model. The risk, in terms of return period, of the drought scenarios developed, is assessed using stochastic models applied to both the Colorado River basin and the combined flow in four major California rivers. The risk of severe sustained drought occurring concurrently in the Colorado River basin and California is also assessed.

Binding objects to scenarios of use

Scenarios are a natural and effective medium for thinking in general and for design in particular. Our work seeks to develop a potential unification between recent scenario-oriented work in object-oriented analysis/design methods and scenario-oriented work in the analysis/design of human-computer interaction. We illustrate this perspective by showing: (1) how scenario questioning can be used to systematically interrogate the knowledge and practices of potential users, and thereby to create object-oriented analysis models that are psychologically valid; (2) how depicting an individual object's point-of-view can serve as a pedagogical scaffold to help students of object-oriented analysis see how to identify and assign object responsibilities in creating a problem domain model; and (3) how usage scenarios can be employed to motivate and coordinate the design implementation, refactoring and reuse of object-oriented software.

Raison d'etre: Embodying design history and rationale in hypermedia folklore—an experiment in reflective design practice

Raison d'Etre is a hypermedia design history application. It provides access to a database of video clips containing stories and personal perspectives of design team members recorded at various times during the course of a project. The system is intended to provide a simple frame‐work for recording and organizing the informal history and rationale that design teams create and share in the course of their collaboration. This article describes 1) the scenarios of use the authors are trying to support, 2) the methods they used collecting and organizing the database, and 3) the status of their prototype.

Computer-Aided Deliberation: Model Management and Group Decision Support

The paper highlights principles of group process as an important component of group activities in planning and policy making. The management of a variety of models utilized in organizational planning is discussed. Descriptions of the features and functions of the hardware and software environment, along with scenarios for use of the environment, illustrate critical issues in group deliberation. A particular model, stakeholder identification and assumption surfacing, is used to illustrate aspects of model management and planning process implementation. Findings of the group decision support system (GDSS) research are discussed in terms of anonymity of participation, facility design, need for multiple public screens, use of knowledge and data bases, communication network speed, methodological approach, software design, mixing of manual and electronic sessions, group size, composition, satisfaction of the users and model management systems. In general, the research results from experiments and case studies reflect our findings from observation of 40 groups.

Is Idiot Proof Safe Enough?

Uncertainty in design exists in more than one guise. Uncertainty about what the user might do with the product, what foolish moves might be demanded of the artifact, is one form. But uncertainty permeates the whole design process every step of the way. It is what gives life to that process, what makes engineering the challenge that it is. The paradox is that in process continually strive to banish uncertainty, to make it certain, to freeze the as must if it is to be realized. No longer is caveat emptor a sufficient response to the challenge of design for safety. The technical literature customarily makes a distinction between uncertainty and risk, i.e., the former qualifies features of the design, imagined scenarios of use, that are recognized as possible but about which one has little if any information about their probabilities of occurrence.

USE OF MULTIMEDIA TOOLS IN THE TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL COLLEGES STUDENTS

Current questions concerning the introduction of information and communication technologies tools into the pedagogical college teacher training using the essentially new ways of informative activity are considered. On the basis of the researches having been spent in the pedagogical colleges of Kyiv, there are analyzed possible scenarios of use of such multimedia tools in educational process.