Sceloporus Jarrovii Research Articles

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of Sexual Dichromatism among Populations of the Yarrow's Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of Sexual Dichromatism among Populations of the Yarrow's Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii)

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DICHROMATISM AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE YARROW'S SPINY LIZARD (SCELOPORUS JARROVII).

Understanding evolution of geographic variation in sexually dimorphic traits is critical for understanding the role that sexual selection may play in speciation. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of geographic variation in sexual dichromatism in the Yarrow's spiny lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii), a taxon that exhibits remarkable diversity in male coloration among populations (e.g., black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown). An mtDNA phylogeny based on approximately 880 bp from the 12S ribosomal RNA gene and 890 bp from the ND4 gene was reconstructed for 30 populations of S. jarrovii and eight other species of the torquatus species group using maximum-likelihood and parsimony methods. The phylogeny suggests that S. jarrovii consists of at least five evolutionary species, none of which are sister taxa. Although intraspecific diversity in male coloration is less than indicated by previous taxonomy, two species formerly referred to as S. jarrovii exhibit impressive geographic variation in sexual dichromatism. In one of these species, the phylogeny shows the independent evolution of a distinctive blue color morph in different parts of the species range. This pattern suggests that sexual selection may lead to striking phenotypic divergence among conspecific populations and striking convergence. Results also demonstrate the importance of a phylogenetic perspective in studies of evolutionary processes within nominal species and the problematic nature of "polytypic" species recognized under the biological species concept.

Character Definitions, Sexual Selection, and the Evolution of Swordtails

Previous articleNext article No AccessNotes and CommentsCharacter Definitions, Sexual Selection, and the Evolution of SwordtailsJohn J. Wiens, and Molly R. MorrisJohn J. Wiens Search for more articles by this author , and Molly R. Morris Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 147, Number 5May, 1996 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/285882 Views: 6Total views on this site Citations: 13Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1996 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Melissa N Liotta, Jessica K Abbott, Oscar Rios-Cardenas, Molly R Morris Tactical dimorphism: the interplay between body shape and mating behaviour in the swordtail Xiphophorus multilineatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127, no.22 (Apr 2019): 337–350.https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz053Ji Hyoun Kang, Manfred Schartl, Ronald B Walter, Axel Meyer Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of all species of swordtails and platies (Pisces: Genus Xiphophorus) uncovers a hybrid origin of a swordtail fish, Xiphophorus monticolus, and demonstrates that the sexually selected sword originated in the ancestral lineage of the genus, but was lost again secondarily, BMC Evolutionary Biology 13, no.11 (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-25Julia C. Jones, Shaohua Fan, Paolo Franchini, Manfred Schartl, Axel Meyer The evolutionary history of Xiphophorus fish and their sexually selected sword: a genome-wide approach using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, Molecular Ecology 22, no.1111 (Apr 2013): 2986–3001.https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12269Donelle M. Robinson, M. Scarlett Tudor, Molly R. Morris Female preference and the evolution of an exaggerated male ornament: the shape of the preference function matters, Animal Behaviour 81, no.55 (May 2011): 1015–1021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.005Nils Offen, Nicola Blum, Axel Meyer, Gerrit Begemann Fgfr1 signalling in the development of a sexually selected trait in vertebrates, the sword of swordtail fish, BMC Developmental Biology 8, no.11 (Oct 2008).https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-8-98 Jason A. Moretz and Molly R. Morris Phylogenetic Analysis of the Evolution of a Signal of Aggressive Intent in Northern Swordtail Fishes. J. A. Moretz and M. R. Morris, The American Naturalist 168, no.33 (Jul 2015): 336–349.https://doi.org/10.1086/506920Hans Zauner, Gerrit Begemann, Manuel Mari-Beffa, Axel Meyer Differential regulation of msx genes in the development of the gonopodium, an intromittent organ, and of the "sword," a sexually selected trait of swordtail fishes (Xiphophorus), Evolution and Development 5, no.55 (Sep 2003): 466–477.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03053.xPATRICK R. STEPHENS, JOHN J. WIENS Ecological diversification and phylogeny of emydid turtles, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 79, no.44 (Aug 2003): 577–610.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00211.xMolly R. Morris, Jason A. Elias, Jason A. Moretz Defining Vertical Bars in Relation to Female Preference in the Swordtail Fish Xiphophorus cortezi (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), Ethology 107, no.99 (Sep 2001): 827–837.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00711.xJohn J. Wiens, Tod W. Reeder, Adrián Nieto Montes De Oca MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DICHROMATISM AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE YARROW'S SPINY LIZARD ( SCELOPORUS JARROVII ), Evolution 53, no.66 (May 2017): 1884–1897.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04570.xJames L. Gould, Samuel L. Elliott, Casson M. Masters, Joya Mukerji Female preferences in a fish genus without female mate choice, Current Biology 9, no.99 (May 1999): 497–500.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80217-6Dolph Schluter, Trevor Price, Arne Ø. Mooers, Donald Ludwig LIKELIHOOD OF ANCESTOR STATES IN ADAPTIVE RADIATION, Evolution 51, no.66 (May 2017): 1699–1711.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb05095.xAxel Meyer The evolution of sexually selected traits in male swordtail fishes (Xiphophorus: Poeciliidae), Heredity 79, no.33 (Sep 1997): 329–337.https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.161

Gastrointestinal Helminths of Yarrow's Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) in Mexico

-Three-hundred sixty-one Sceloporus jarrovii from 16 states in Mexico were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Two species of cestodes, Oochoristica scelopori and Mesocestoides sp.; 14 species of nematodes, Abbreviata terrapenis, Macdonaldius grassi, Physaloptera retusa, Piratuba prolifica, Scatonema wulkeri, Skrjabinoptera phrynosoma, Spauligodon giganticus, Strongyluris similis, Thubunaea iguanae, Thubunaea intestinalis, Ascarops sp., Gongylonema sp., Mermis sp., Physocephalus sp. and one species of acanthocephalan, Centrorhynchus sp., were found. With the exception of Abbreviata terrapenis and Thubunaea intestinalis, these helminths have been found in other lizards. Throughout the range of S. jarrovii in Mexico, the predominant monoxenous (direct life cycle) helminth was Spauligodon giganticus (prevalence 68%); the predominant heteroxenous (indirect life cycle) helminth was Physaloptera retusa (prevalence 27%). Sceloporus jarrovii is a new host record for Macdonaldius grassi, Piratuba prolifica, Skrjabinoptera phrynosoma, Thubunaea iguanae, Ascarops sp., Gongylonema sp., Physocephalus sp. and Centrorhynchus sp.

Temperature Effects on in vitro Skin Darkening in the Mountain Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovi: A Thermoregulatory Adaptation?

The in vitro sensitivity of integumental pigment cells (melanophores) to darkening hormones was studied in a winter-active montane lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii) that rapidly changes color. The darkening responses, shown by dose-response curves, of skin samples to melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) were slightly higher at 15° than at 25°C, but not significantly so. At 35°C, as compared to 25°C, the darkening responses were dramatically and unexpectedly reduced, a sevenfold higher concentration of α-MSH being needed to elicit equivalent responses. Darkening responses to isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, applied to skins in the presence of the a-adrenoceptor blocker Dibenamine, were significantly diminished at both 15° and 35°C, as compared to 25°C The similarity of the dose-response curves for α-MSH at 15° and 29°C (no reduction in sensitivity at the lower temperature) and the marked decrease of response to α-MSH and isoproterenol at 35°C are consistent with the thermoregulatory chromatic behavio...

Prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in neonate Yarrow's spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae), from Arizona

Prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in neonate Yarrow's spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae), from Arizona

Discovery of an α-melanotropin antagonist effective in vivo

A hybrid analogue, H-His- d-Arg-Ala-Trp- d-Phe-Lys-NH 2, was designed based upon the primary structures of a growth hormone-releasing peptide analogue, [His 1,Lys 6]GHRP, and the MSH fragment, Ac-α-MSH(6–11)-NH 2. In vitro studies demonstrated the α-MSH antagonistic efficacy of the analogue in the lizards Sceloporus jarrovii and Urosaurus ornatus. In live white background-adapted S. jarrovii previously injected with the antagonist (10 nmol/5 g b.wt.), maximal skin darkening induced by α-MSH was reduced to 50%. In white background-adapted U. ornatus, previous injection of the analogue (1 nmol/5 g b.wt.) totally abolished the response to α-MSH and depressed to 50% the maximal response elicited by the superpotent MSH analogue, [Nle 4, d-Phe 7]α-MSH.

Duration of Attachment of the Chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana (Trombiculidae) in Mite Pockets of Yarrow’s Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona

Duration of attachment was determined for the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana in mite pockets of the phrynosomatid lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii from Arizona. Eutrombicula lipovskyana remained attached in mite pockets for as long as 52 days. Infestations in other body areas were of shorter duration. The mite Geckobiella texana was also found to infest S. jarrovii.

Ectoparasite-induced lesions in mite pockets of the Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae).

Histopathological effects of the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana, on the mite pockets of neonatal, juvenile and adult Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, were investigated. Focal ulcerative dermatitis was noted in all age classes. This reaction was more diffuse in older animals in which penetration as deep as the panniculus occurred. Based on the occurrence of inflammatory reactions in neonatal lizards, S. jarrovii appears capable of recognizing foreign antigens shortly after birth. There was an increased inflammatory response in older lizards that may have been an augmented host sensitivity following repeated exposure to chiggers. Granulomas, which were interpreted as an attempt to isolate the effects of chigger bites, were noted in juveniles and adults. We propose that S. jarrovii does not develop resistance after repeated exposures to E. lipovskyana.

Prevalence of the Nematode Spauligodon giganticus (Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae) in Neonatal Yarrow's Spiny Lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii (Sauria: Iguanidae)

Examination of the digestive tracts of 31 field-collected neonatal Sceloporus jarrovii Cope, 1875, estimated to be between 1 day and 2 wk of age revealed a prevalence of 74% (23/31) infection for eggs and/or larvae of the nematode Spauligodon giganticus (Read and Amrein, 1953) Skrjabin, Schikhobalova, and Lagodovskaja, 1960, and a prevalence of 3% (1/31) for the cestode Oochoristica sp. Twenty-two captive-born neonatal Sceloporus jarrovii, no older than 1 day revealed a prevalence of 14% for eggs of Spauligodon giganticus. Substrate licking, a behavior evident soon after birth, apparently is responsible for this almost immediate infection by S. jarrovii.

Monthly Prevalences of Physaloptera retusa in Naturally Infected Yarrow's Spiny Lizard

The gastrointestinal tracts of 167 of 489 (34%) Yarrow's spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii) collected in Pima County, Arizona (USA) from October 1967 through January 1970 were infected with Physaloptera retusa. Of the infected lizards, 88 (18%) had only larvae, 45 (9%) had larvae and adults and 32 (7%) had only adult nematodes. The ratio of larval nematodes to adults was approximately 8:1. Monthly prevalences varied from 71% in April 1969 to 10% in July 1969; seasonal patterns of infection were not observed.

Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Yarrow Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii Cope

-The gastrointestinal tracts of 489 yarrow spiny lizards Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii contained three nematode species: Physaloptera retusa, Spauligodon giganticus, Thubunaea sp.; two cestodes: Mesocestoides sp., Oochoristica scelopori and a juvenile acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus sp. All are new host records. Spauligodon giganticus was the most prevalent parasite (prevalence 93.9%). Physaloptera retusa, Thubunaea sp., Oochoristica scelopori, Mesocestoides sp. and Acanthocephalus sp. had prevalences of 34.2%, 3.3%, 9.6%, 3.1% and 0.6%, respectively. The parasite load, measured as number of species present, is similar to that for other sceloporine lizards.

A New Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii cyanostictus) from the Sierra Madre of Coahuila, Mexico

A new, small-scaled, saxicolous member of the Sceloporus torquatus species group is described. Compared with closely related populations of S. jarrovii, S. j. cyanostictus n. ssp. is medium-sized (ave. 71 mm), has double rows of supraoculars, small dorsal scales (x 45.2), a high total femoral pore count (R 35.0), parallel trending dorsal keels, blue chin and throat and bright blue to greenish blue spots on the posterior two-thirds of each dorsal scale in adult males. The 20 individuals comprising the type-series were taken from blue-white limestone outcroppings of a canyon truncating the north slope of an anticlinal mountain 61 km south (26021'20 N, 01?21'30 W) of Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico. Males have 12 macro, 1 sex and 18 microchromosomes. Mating is believed to take place in the fall with viviparous young born the following spring. Relationships of the new form to other S. jarrovii are unclear, but it does display a combination of the characteristics found in other subspecies of S. jarrovii. ( l orus jarrov i cyanostictus) a re of Coahuila, Mexico

Respiration and Water Loss at the Higher Temperatures in the Desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Respiration and Water Loss at the Higher Temperatures in the Desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis