Scarlet Flowers Research Articles

“Flaming Madras handkerchiefs and calico blazing with crimson and scarlet flowers”: Antebellum World Systems in Hannah Crafts’s The Bondwoman’s Narrative

Abstract Hannah Crafts’s The Bondwoman’s Narrative (ca. 1853–61) is the earliest known work of fiction written by a Black woman in the United States. Its distinctiveness lies in the internationalism through which the labor regimes of the southern plantation are shown to be intimately bound to global sites of colonial dispossession. Besides unpacking the entangled strands of British and American imperialisms, the author-narrator critically emulates conventions of the nineteenth-century transatlantic literary marketplace, evincing an understanding of both her embodied self and her intellectual labor as commodities in a world system built with racialized labor. Crafts’s novel revises the notion of chattel slavery as provincial, situating it instead within the Atlantic World’s expansive flows of capital and commodities. It presents not a geographically and socially demarcated institution but a plantation empire that goes far beyond the contours of the American South or, indeed, the continental United States, creating a remarkably nuanced conception of Black positionality, one informed not only by race but also by global capital. As part of a broader field-based inquiry, this article probes the affordances of thinking about antebellum Black Atlantic political subjectivity as positioned between two imperialist projects: British abolitionism and American plantocratic expansionism.

<i>Erythrina resupinata</i>Roxb. (Leguminosae:Papilionoideae), a less-known but a potential ornamental from India and Nepal

Erythrina resupinata Roxb. has been described with recent collections from India and Nepal. It is a little known species with unique habit within the genus and exhibits sparse distribution. Its IUCN conservation status is provisionally assessed as ‘Endangered’ based on limited field observations and data from herbarium specimens. This species is worth domestication as an ornamental for its attractive bright scarlet flowers arising from perennial rootstock.

First report of leaf spot on Rhododendron delavayi caused by Pestalotiopsis scoparia in China.

Rhododendron delavayi is an evergreen shrub with large scarlet flowers that make it highly attractive as an ornamental species. The species is native to southwest China (Cai et al. 2015). From May to July in 2022, symptoms of leaf spot were observed on R. delavayi over a wide portion of the Baili Azalea Forest Area (N 27°10'-27°20', E 105°04'-106°04'), Guizhou Province, China. About 500 plants were surveyed and the incidence of leaf spot on R. delavayi leaves was 20 to 30%, significantly reducing their ornamental and economic value. The affected leaves had irregular, dark brown lesions with a clear blackish brown boundary and black conidiomata in a grayish center. To isolate the pathogen, 15 symptomatic leaves were collected from 10 plants. A few black dots were picked from the lesions with a sterilized needle, plated on water agar and incubated at 25℃ for 24 h to observe spore germination (Choi et al. 1999). Then the germinated spores were transferred onto PDA for further purification and morphological observation. Three single-spore isolates (GUDJ 61, GUDJ 62, GUDJ 63) that produced identical in morphology were obtained. The isolate GUDJ 61 was used for further study. Colonies on PDA grew velvety white on the upper surface and light yellow on the lower surface. Conidia were 5-celled, spindle- to ellipsoid-shaped, straight or slightly curved, 4-septate, and measured 39.0 ± 3.7 × 10.4 ± 0.79 µm (n=50). The morphological features were consistent with the description of Pestalotiopsis scoparia Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous, (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). The pathogen was confirmed to be P. scoparia by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the partial β-tubulin (TUB), and the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) genes using primers ITS4/ITS5, T1/Bt-2b, and EF1-728F/EF-2, respectively. Sequences from PCR amplification were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OP048045 (ITS), OP058111 (TUB) and OP058114 (TEF), respectively. BLAST searches of the sequences revealed 99% (549/552 nt), 99% (711/714 nt), and 82% (130/158 nt) homology with those of P. scoparia CBS 176.25T form GenBank (KM199330, KM199393, and KM199478), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis (MEGA 7.0) using the maximum likelihood method placed the isolate GUDJ 61 in a well-supported cluster with P. scoparia. The pathogen was thus identified as P. scoparia based on the morphological characterization and molecular analyses. The pathogenicity of GUDJ 61was tested through a pot assay. Ten healthy R. delavayi plants were scratched with a sterilized needle (0.45 mm in diameter) on three leaves per plant. Plants were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension (106 spores mL-1) of GUDJ 61 onto leaves until runoff, and the control leaves sprayed with sterile water. The plants were maintained at 25°C and 75% relative humidity in a growth chamber. The pathogenicity test was repeated three times (Fang 2007). After 12 days, the treated leaves developed brown lesions similar to those in the field, while the control had no symptoms. The same fungus was reisolated from the infected leaves and identified based on a morphological characterization and molecular analyses. These results fulfilled Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on R. delavayi caused by P. scoparia in China. The fungal pathogen identification will provide valuable information for prevention and management of leaf spot disease associated with R. delavayi.

СКАЗКИ "ТАЛЬХУН", "АХ" И "АЛЕНЬКИЙ ЦВЕТОЧЕК" (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ)

СКАЗКИ "ТАЛЬХУН", "АХ" И "АЛЕНЬКИЙ ЦВЕТОЧЕК" (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ)

Культурные коды в восприятии подростками героев мультфильмов

The study of the impact of the entertainment discourse of the modern media environment on the children's audience was carried out, including through a comparative analysis of the perception of school-age children of the heroes of domestic and foreign cartoons, which are based on a similar fairy tale plot and screen fairy tales. The study used the method of psychosemantic scaling with subsequent factorization of data. The factor structures revealed in the course of the study reproduce the semantic spaces of consciousness of schoolchildren who are viewers of the Domestic m/ f “The Frog Princess” and the American “The Princess and the Frog”, as well as the domestic cartoon “The Scarlet Flower” and the American “Beauty and the Beast”. The study involved adolescents aged 13 and 16 years old, a total of 40 people. Significant differences were obtained between the images of the characters of domestic and foreign cartoons by the first factor “Moral and ethical”, by the second factor “Charismatic”, as well as by the fourth factor “Psychological distance”. The differentiation of schoolchildren's perception of m/f heroes made in different cultural traditions is revealed.

Lysionotus coccinus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from southwestern Yunnan, China

Lysionotus coccinus G.W. Hu & Q.F. Wang, a distinct new species from Yingjiang County, southwestern Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It belongs to L. sect. Lysionotus, but has scarlet flowers while all other known species in this section have white, yellow, purple or pink flowers. Color photographs and a chart are provided for comparing the new species with related species.

Laboratory Assessment of Host Plant Selection of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (<i>Halyomorpha halys</i>)

The behavioral response of brown marmorated stink bug, <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), to various phenological growth stages (leaf, flower and pod/seed/kernel) of six host plants (soybean, corn, sunflower, Early Scarlet and Mississippi Silver cowpeas, and princess tree leaf) was investigated in a Dual Choice Arena Test (DCAT) and Multiple Choice Arena Test (MCAT). In DCAT, each experiment consisted of one of the growth stages of each plant with princess tree leaf as the standard. In MCAT, two experiments were conducted using: (1) similar growth stages from the different plants and (2) different growth stages from the same plant. <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> distribution was observed at time intervals up to 24 hours after insects were released. Results from MCAT and Preference Index (PI) from the DCAT indicated that more <i>H. halys</i> were recorded on princess tree leaves. Mississippi Silver (PI=1.59±0.05) and Early Scarlet (PI=1.49±0.08) flowers were preferred over princess tree leaves and other flowers (PI≤1). Sunflower seed was the least preferred (PI=0.43±0.18) among similar growth stages. Overall, the reproductive stages were preferred over the vegetative stage. Our findings can be useful in developing management programs such as trap cropping for this pest.

Magic Folk Tales in Intersemiotic Translation

The present paper examines intersemiotic translation of magic folk tales. Research objective is to show the structural identity of the surface structure which can be described as a sequence of plot elements (“functions”) of fairy-tale characters; in semiotic terms it is explained by the existence of a universal matrix defining the law of genre. The authors go on to the cognitive-culturological aspect of fairy tales in terms of N. Chomsky. This research paper has clearly shown that “functions” of the surface structures correspond to plans, scenarios and frames of the deep structures, which differ in British and Russian magic fairy folk tales (wonder folk tales). Numbers and proper names are the main permanent elements of fairy tale narrative: on the level of the surface structures they connect the universal matrix of a fairy tale discourse organizing space and rhythm and at the level of the deep structures - they help to understand the main features of the national character. The study is based on 13 fairy-tale film corpus, under the common theme “Beauty and the Beast”, film adaptations of the fairy tales “La Belle et la Bête” by J.-M. Leprens de Beaumont (1757) and “The Scarlet Flower” by S.T. Aksakov (1858). Hence, the analysis of the latter based on the works of R. Jacobson and W. Eco and understood by the authors as a kind of intersemiotic translation / interpretation that, on the one hand, proves universality of the proposed algorithm for studying fairy discourse in synchrony and diachrony. On the other hand, it plays the most important role in intersemiotic translation of diachronic aspect because it deals with changing the “integral model of reality”, which is reflected, in particular, in changing the on-screen presentation / interpretation of certain aspects of the fairy-tale narrative. Finally, it is worth pointing out that the conclusions can be used to study plurality of film adaptation as a form of intersemiotic translation.

“A scarlet flower blooms in the open field” Aesthetic role of phytonyms in folk lyric songs

“A scarlet flower blooms in the open field” Aesthetic role of phytonyms in folk lyric songs

Poppies, scarlet flowers, ‘this beauty’: H.D.’sChoruses from the Iphigeneia in Aulisand the First World War

Poppies, scarlet flowers, ‘this beauty’: H.D.’s<i>Choruses from the Iphigeneia in Aulis</i>and the First World War

КОНЦЕПТ «ЭКОЛОГИИ ДУШИ» ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ «СКАЗОЧНОГО ТУРИЗМА»: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КЕЙСЫ РОССИИ

The article notes that the modern world is on the verge of environmental crisis. This is due to the moral and spiritual crisis of humanity and a consumer attitude to nature. Against this background, the public increasingly began to turn to the idea of soul ecology, or “protection of the soul from pollutions”. Expertly-organized tourism can educate a responsible person. Usually the ecology of the soul associated with eco-tourism. But the authors believe that a fairy-tale tourism can be also engaged in moral and spiritual upbringing with great success. The article analyzes the domestic experience of creating a fairy-tale tourism infrastructure, identifies strengths and weaknesses of this work in different regions of Russia, and presents the information about the possibility of fabulous tourism development in the framework of the project “Fairytale Map of Russia”. The authors study organizational aspect of the problem, and reveal the most effective methods of popularization of the fairy-tale direction of tourism and the proven ways of involving tourists in the fairy-tale environment. The article characterizes the factors negative affecting the fabulous tourism development. The authors found out that not all regions, identified in the project “Fairytale Map of Russia” and oriented to travel in a fairy tale, have managed to organize tourist flows. This happens mainly due to the small number of thematic objects and the inability to create routes, but also because of the lack of interactive programs. Special attention is paid to the state of fabulous infrastructure in Ufa, the capital Bashkiria. Ufa – small motherland of S. T. Aksakov, the author of the famous tale “The Scarlet flower”. This fact became the basis to include our city in the project “Fairytale Map of Russia” as “the house” of the scarlet flower. However, Ufa is one of the cities, having solitary monuments of fabulous characters who are unable to determine the prospects of development of regional fairy-tale tourism. In addition, Ufa has not yet engaged in the creation of interactive programs, providing a high level of interest in the fairy-tale tourism.

A new species of the Ranunculaceae from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular data

Based on field investigations, morphological and molecular systematic studies, a new species, Caltha dysosmoides (Ranunculaceae) from southwestern China is described. It differs from all other known congeneric species by the densely dentate leaf margin, the pendulous pedicels, the scarlet flowers, the compressed filaments, and the triangular connective. To better understand taxonomy of this new species, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using a combined dataset from nrITS, plastid trnL-trnF region, and atpB-rbcL spacer. The results indicate that Caltha is monophyletic and C. dysosmoides is sister to C. sinogracilis. The conservation status of the new species is categorized as CR based on IUCN criteria.

Photosynthetic Response of an Alpine Plant, Rhododendron delavayi Franch, to Water Stress and Recovery: The Role of Mesophyll Conductance.

Rhododendron delavayi Franch is an evergreen shrub or small tree with large scarlet flowers that makes it highly attractive as an ornamental species. The species is native to southwest China and southeast Asia, especially the Himalayan region, showing good adaptability, and tolerance to drought. To understand the water stress coping mechanisms of R. delavayi, we analyzed the plant's photosynthetic performance during water stress and recovery. In particular, we looked at the regulation of stomatal (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), and maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax). After 4 days of water stress treatment, the net CO2 assimilation rate (AN) declined slightly while gs and gm were not affected and stomatal limitation (SL) was therefore negligible. At this stage mesophyll conductance limitation (MCL) and biochemical limitation (BL) constituted the main limitation factors. After 8 days of water stress treatment, AN, gs, and gm had decreased notably. At this stage SL increased markedly and MCL even more so, while BL remained relatively constant. After re-watering, the recovery of AN, gs, and gm was rapid, although remaining below the levels of the control plants, while Vcmax fully regained control levels after 3 days of re-watering. MCL remained the main limitation factor irrespective of the degree of photosynthetic recovery. In conclusion, in our experiment MCL was the main photosynthetic limitation factor of R. delavayi under water stress and during the recovery phase, with the regulation of gm probably being the result of interactions between the environment and leaf anatomical features.

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Barringtonia acutangula leaf

Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (Family: Lecythidaceae) is an evergreen tree with simple, alternate leaves, long pendulous racemes, dark scarlet flowers, and ellipsoid to ovoid berries containing one ovoid black seed. The present study deals with a detailed pharmacognostical study on the leaf of the crude drug, B. acutangula. Morphoanatomy of the leaf was studied using light and confocal microscopy and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. Literature reveals that the phytoconstituents like tanginol, barrinic acid, and barringenic acid are present in the wood and fruits of this plant. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered leaves revealed the presence of terpenes, flavanoids, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameters, and High Performance-Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) profile presented in this paper may be proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of B. acutangula and can possibly help to differentiate the drug from its other species and the pharmacognostic profile of the leaves presented here will assist in standardization viz., quality, purity, and sample identification.

IN SEARCH OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ROSA FOETIDA HERRMANN IN IRAN

Rosa foetida is a dense, erect shrub with bright yellow or scarlet flowers with a yellowish reverse petal. It is most abundant in South West Asia. In Iran R. foetida occurs mainly in the mountainous North and West regions. The species is the origin of the strong yellow color in hybrid roses, which was introduced into modern cultivars in 1900 through a single species hybridization event. In this study we have used 10 microsatellite markers to determine diversity in Rosa foetida accessions collected across Iran. To our surprise, nearly all samples collected were of the same genotype, even when collected at different sites. Only four different genotypes have been detected in total. The results are discussed in relation to breeding system, human influence and overall gene pool status

White Mold–Resistant Interspecific Common Bean Germplasm Lines VCW 54 and VCW 55

Interspecific breeding lines (IBL) VCW 54 (Reg. No. GP‐276, PI 655531) and VCW 55 (Reg. No. GP‐277, PI 655532) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistant to white mold [WM; caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] were jointly developed at the University of Idaho‐Kimberly Research and Extension Center and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. The Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Colorado released VCW 54 and VCW 55 on 10 Dec. 2008. Both IBL were derived from congruity backcrossing between small‐seeded tropical black bean cultivar ICA Pijao and P. coccineus L. accession G 35172. ICA Pijao has an indeterminate upright growth habit Type II and resistance to bean common mosaic virus and some races of rust pathogen, and tolerance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). G 35172 has large purple‐mottled seeds, an indeterminate climbing growth habit Type IV, and resistance to BGMV. G 35172 also is variable for WM reaction. VCW 54 has scarlet flowers, purplish black seed, and the highest WM resistance. VCW 55 has white with pink‐striped flower, black seed, and an intermediate level of WM resistance. Both IBL also have growth habit Type II, small seeds, and are late maturing, requiring ≥100 d from planting to maturity in southern Idaho. White mold resistance from VCW 54 and VCW 55 should be pyramided with WM resistance from across Phaseolus species and introgressed into common bean cultivars using appropriate crosses, population sizes, and disease screening and selection methods.

Plate 494. Lechenaultia hirsuta Goodeniaceae

Summary. Lechenaultia hirsuta F. Muell. (Goodeniaceae) is the only hairy species of the genus. It is an openly branched plant with large, scarlet flowers.

Jamesbrittenia bergae (Scrophulariaceae), a distinctive new species from Limpopo, South Africa

Jamesbrittenia bergae P.Lemmer is a new species from the Farm Brakvallei near Thabazimbi in Limpopo [Northern Province]. Large, medium-textured. bright scarlet flowers w ith yellow throats are borne singly in upper leaf axils; the flowering branches, although terminal, do not form elongated racemes: leaves are greyish green, coarsely serrated. It grows in full sun on ferricrete outcrops.

Inheritance of Scarlet Color and Vein Pattern in Flowers and Oxblood Red Seedcoat Color Derived from the Interspecific Cross of Common Bean with Scarlet Runner Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)

The genetics of the vermilion flower color (more orange than scarlet or salmon red) of Phaseolus coccineus L. is largely unknown, but the gene Sal for salmon red is the gene essential for its expression. Lamprecht line M0169 (PI 527868) expresses salmon red flowers with vein pattern on the wing petals and black seedcoats. M0169 (Sal Am and an unknown gene that inhibits the scarlet flower color expression of Am) was crossed with v BC3 5-593 (sal am and no inhibitor gene, expressing white flowers and mineral brown seedcoats). Line 5-593 is a Florida dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) line used as the recurrent parent for development of genetic stocks. The F2 from Sal Am Vwf BC1 5-593 (scarlet flowers, black seedcoats) × v BC3 5-593 (white flowers, mineral brown seedcoats) supported the hypothesis that a partly dominant gene Am changes salmon red to scarlet flower color and that Am has no expression with sal. The F3 progeny test of 27 random F2 parents from the above cross supported the hypothesis of a single partly dominant factor (Am) with no expression without Sal, where only Sal/Sal Am/Am completely eliminates the flower vein pattern (VP) of Sal. F4 progeny tests of 29 random F3 parents derived from a F2 selection with Sal/Sal Am/am Vwf/v supported the hypothesis that Am is linked to V (cM = 9.4 ± 1.93) and the hypothesis that Am is linked with a dominant gene (tentative symbol Oxb) that (with Sal v) changes seedcoat color from mineral brown with red haze to oxblood red. Another F4 progeny test of seven selected F3 parents with Sal/Sal Am/am v/v and oxblood seedcoat color supported the hypothesis that the Oxb gene (linked with Am and derived from M0169) with Sal v expresses oxblood seedcoat color. The gene symbol Am is proposed for the gene from M0169 that with Sal v expresses two pleiotropic effects: changes salmon red to scarlet flower color and eliminates the VP of salmon red. The interaction of Sal with Am for flower color and VP expression is discussed for all gene combinations.

Anthocyanins from the scarlet flowers of Anemone coronaria

Three acylated anthocyanins were isolated from the scarlet flowers of Anemone coronaria ‘St. Brigid Red’ along with a known pigment, pelargonidin 3-lathyroside. The structures of the acylated pigments were based on a pelargonidin 3-lathyroside skeleton acylated at different positions with malonic acid. The first pigment was identified as pelargonidin 3- O-[2-(β- d-xylopyranosyl)-6- O-(malonyl)-β- d-galactopyranoside], the second was pelargonidin 3- O-[2- O-(β- d-xylopyranosyl)-6- O-(methyl-malonyl)-β- d-galactopyranoside], and the third was (6″- O-(pelargonidin 3- O-[2″- O-(β- d-xylopyranosyl)-β- d-galactopyranosyl]))((4- O-(β- d-glucopyranosyl)- trans-caffeoyl)- O-tartaryl)malonate.