Scale Self Research Articles

EFIKASI DIRI AKADEMIK, DUKUNGAN SOSIAL ORANGTUA DAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI MAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN

Abstract. The main purpose of this research is to know whether there is connection between self efficacy academic and social support parents with self adaptation of University Students. The research subject was 100 University Nusantara PGRI Kediri students consisting of 42 boys and 58 girls which was taken random and having caractesistis of the first grade of the University students and staying together with their own parents. The data of the self adaptation of the University students was obtained from the scale of self actualization. The data of the scale self efficiacy academic was also obtained from the scale of self efficacy academic. The data of social support parents was received from the scale of social support parents. The resulf of this analysis of multiple regression are from maximum R = 0,684; F = 42,717; p = 0,000 (p < 0,01). The resulf of this data analysis showing that the self efficacy academic and social support are integrated to self adaptation of the University students. The result of the analysis academic self efficacy correlation with self actualization of the University students was obtained r partial = 0,632; t = 8, 039 with p = 0,000 (p < 0,01). This data shows that there is positive correlation between academic self efficacy and self actualization. The hypothesis of the research classifying that there is correlation between them and it is acceptable. The out come of the analysis social support parents correlation with self adaption of the University students was attained r partial = 0,159; t = 1,582 with p = 0,117 (p > 0,05). This data indicates that the variable of the social support is isolated and it is not related to the self adaptation. The hypothesis of the research indicates that there is positive connection between social support and self actualization and there fore it is unacceptable or avoided. This is because of another factor that influences self adaptation of the University students a part from social support of the parents. Key word: Self adaptation, Self efficacy academic, Sosial support parents.Â

P01-334-Investigation the role of mother's parenting styles on locus of control and self – concept of children

Introduction&ObjectivesThe present study investigated the relationship between mother's attitudes towards child rearing practices with child perception of those styles, locus of control and self – concept.MethodThe sample consisted of 388 third grade males in the junior high school students and their literate were selected from five educational districts who completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire, the Parenting Style Survey, the Nowicki – Strickland Locus of Control Scale and Tennessee Self- concept Test. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation formula and Anova.ResultsThe findings of the study are so follow: The relationship between mother's attitude toward child rearing practice and child's perception of those styles was not statistically significant. The relationship between mother's attitude toward child rearing practice, child locus of control and self-concept were not significant, but the relationship between child's perception of their mother's parenting style, child's locus of control and self-concept were statistically significant. The relationship between locus of control and self-concept was also statistically significant.

The potential application of fractal approach for surface roughness retrieval: A study for simulated surfaces

Natural surfaces can be modelled with fractals because fractals properly account for scale invariance and self similarity of these surfaces. The well-known measure, i.e. fractal dimension (D), is the property used to describe the roughness of fractal surfaces. Retrieving the Earth's surface roughness with satellite images, particularly synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, is an interesting and challenging task. Consequently, many researchers are using electromagnetic models, various inversion techniques, semi-empirical models to retrieve the roughness parameters, i.e. RMS surface height (s) and autocorrelation length (l). Most of the models require some a priori information or some given values to solve the equations and retrieve l and s. Uncertainty still exists to retrieve these parameters with minimum or no a priori information. Therefore, in this paper, the fractal dimension approach has been applied to correlate l and s with fractal properties for development of a surface parameter retrieval algorithm. For this purpose, 1500 synthetic surfaces for known l and s have been generated, and their fractal dimension has been computed. D has also been computed after introducing Gaussian and speckle noise to the generated surfaces. The analysis among D, l and s shows the potentiality of relationship among these parameters and is helpful in developing a relationship among them by which l and s can be retrieved. The values of l and s are retrieved with the help of a look-up table for the synthetic surfaces which can be extended for retrieval of roughness parameters from the SAR images.

Therapist Factors in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder

Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be an effective method for treating major depression, but it often works best when therapist support is provided in the form of e-mail support or telephone calls. The authors investigated whether there were any intraclass correlations within therapists when delivering CBT for major depression via the Internet. They included data from two trials involving 10 therapists treating a total of 103 patients. The results of a nested one-way model in which participants were treated as raters for different therapists indicated that measures pertaining to symptom reductions (Beck Depression Inventory, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale–Self Report, and Beck Anxiety Inventory) did not support a clustering of data within therapists. However, the outcome on a secondary measure of life satisfaction (Quality of Life Inventory) yielded a significant intraclass correlation coefficient for therapists (r = .24, p = .001). The authors propose that text-based treatments are less sensitive to therapist effects when it comes to the primary symptom measures, but that treatment effects not directly targeted by the specific treatment program may be more dependent on the way the support is given and by whom (therapist effect). Limitations of the study are discussed.

Spiritual Well-Being in Individuals With Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Relationships With Symptom Pattern Variability, Uncertainty, and Psychosocial Adaptation

This study examined relationships among symptom pattern variability, uncertainty, spiritual well-being, and psychosocial adaptation in individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). A survey design was used with 58 individuals with FMS. The Fibromyalgia Symptom Pattern Questionnaire, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale--Community Form, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report were used to collect data. Positive relationships were found between symptom pattern variability and uncertainty and between uncertainty and poor psychosocial adaptation; spiritual well-being moderated the relationship between uncertainty and psychosocial adaptation. A positive sense of well-being aided adaptation to symptoms and uncertainties of FMS. Spiritual well-being had a greater effect on the relationship between symptom pattern variability and uncertainty than expected.

Physical properties of morphological units on Comet 9P/Tempel 1 derived from near-IR Deep Impact spectra

In this paper we analyze near-infrared thermal emission spectra of the spatially resolved nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 obtained by the NASA spacecraft Deep Impact. Maps of spectral reddening, the product X ′ between the beaming function and directional emissivity, as well as surface temperature are constructed. Thermophysical modeling is used to estimate the degree of small scale surface roughness and thermal inertia by detailed reproduction of the empirical temperature map. Mie and Hapke theories are used in combination with numerically calculated beaming functions to analyze the X ′ map and place constraints on composition and grain size of the surface material. We show that it is absolutely mandatory to include small scale surface roughness in thermophysical modeling of this object, since the resulting self heating is vital for reproducing the measured temperatures. A small scale self heating parameter in the range 0.6 ⩽ ξ ⩽ 0.75 is common, but smoother areas where 0.2 ⩽ ξ ⩽ 0.3 are also found. Contrary to models neglecting small scale surface roughness, we find that the thermal inertia of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 generally is high (1000–3000 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2), although it may be substantially lower (40–380 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2) in specific areas. We obtain a disk-averaged reddening of 3.5% kÅ −1, with statistically significant local variations around that value on a ± 1.0 % kÅ − 1 level. Vast regions appear covered by small (∼0.1 μm) highly absorbing grains such as carbon or iron-rich silicates. Other regions appear dominated by somewhat larger (∼0.5 μm) and/or less absorbing grains such as troilite or magnesium-rich silicates. Surface variations in reddening, roughness, thermal inertia, composition and/or grain size are moderately to strongly correlated to the locations of morphological units on the surface. The existence of morphological units with differing physical properties may be primordial, hence reflecting a diversity in the building block cometesimals, or resulting from evolutionary processes.

Cell scale self-organisation in the OFC model for earthquake dynamics

We examine the cell scale self organising mechanisms in the Olami Feder Christensen (OFC) model that have the potential to generate critical behaviour. In particular we demonstrate how spatial organisation and quantisation of strain distributions occurs, why temporal strain fluctuations are minimised as the local strain conservation factor, β → 1.0, and how the strain distributions are dependent upon the lattice geometry employed. The origin of the self-organising behaviour can be divided into two regimes; at low β where no re-rupturing of cells occurs and for higher β where the probability of re-rupturing becomes increasingly significant. The presence or absence of the re-rupturing mechanism leads to different system optimisations, tending from spatially well ordered strain domains at intermediate β to a spatially rough strain field but a temporally stationary, memory less strain distribution at β = 1. The construction of the Markov chain demonstrates that degeneracy of the transitions is a primary control on transition probabilities at β = 1. The stationary state occupation is controlled by transition degeneracy, local correlations and mean residence times.

Conceptualization And Manifestation Of Depression In An Asian Context: Formal Construction And Validation Of A Children’S Depression Scale In Singapore

Understanding that the conceptualization and manifestation of depression vary across cultures, in a preliminary study, Koh and colleagues (2002) identified a cultural model and a prototype measure of depression for Asian children. The present study sought to provide further examination of the initially identified conceptualization, manifestation, and measurement of depression in Asian children. Involving a community sample of 442 Singaporean Chinese children (6 to 12 years old), a culturally salient factor, Negative Social Self, was established to constitute part of depression, in addition to three universally recognized factors: Negative Affect and Cognitive Dysfunction, Loss of Interest, and Psychosomatic Manifestations. The Asian Children Depression Scale (ACDS) and Negative Social Self (NSS) were found to be positively related to hopelessness and negatively related to self-esteem, subjective well-being, and control-related beliefs, establishing support for convergent validity. Notably, NSS was found to account for significant incremental validity over that of the universally recognized factors in predicting most of the above-mentioned variables, supporting its added value as a factor of depression in Asian children. The results suggested that the ACDS and the culturally salient dimension reflect the phenomenological experiences and manifestations of depression in Asian children.

Theory of mind, neurocognition, and functional status in schizotypy

The present study is the first to concurrently examine social cognition, neurocognition, and social functioning in psychometric schizotypes. Screening of 2108 undergraduates with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire–Brief (SPQ-B) identified 52 persons high in schizotypy and 40 persons low in schizotypy. All participants were administered a test battery designed to assess two elements of neurocognition, verbal secondary memory (California Verbal Learning Test) and executive functioning (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), two elements of social cognition, emotion perception (The Awareness of Social Inference Test—Part 1) and theory of mind (The Awareness of Social Inference Test—Parts 2 and 3), and social functioning (Social Adjustment Scale–Self Report). Although the persons with high schizotypy were impaired in social functioning relative to the persons with low schizotypy, they were not impaired in theory of mind, emotion perception, verbal secondary memory, or executive functioning. Theory of mind and verbal secondary memory were correlated in persons with high schizotypy. The present findings suggest that psychometric schizotypes are not impaired in the domains of social cognition and neurocognition examined.

Interpersonal Problem Areas and Onset of Panic Disorder

Background: Numerous studies indicate that stressful life events are key precipitants of psychological disturbances. Severe stress often precedes the onset or exacerbation of illness in vulnerable individuals and may be of primary importance in the genesis of some mental disorders. Several authors have suggested that major life events play a role in the development of panic-related symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of stressful life events, in particular events focused in the interpersonal psychotherapy problem areas (grief, role disputes, role transitions, interpersonal deficits), in patients suffering from panic disorder. Methods: We interviewed 55 patients suffering from panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, in accordance with the diagnostic criteria specified in MINI PLUS. The panic attack profile was evaluated with the Panic Attack and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale. We assessed the ability to adapt to and derive satisfaction from the social environment with the Social Adjustment Scale Self Report and interpersonal problems with Interpersonal Questionnaire. Results: Using the Interpersonal Questionnaire we found that all subjects had had relevant interpersonal problems in the year preceding the onset of PD: 92.7% had experienced a role transition, 85.5% interpersonal deficits, 74.5% a role dispute and 38.2% had suffered the loss of a relative or significant other. These results were confirmed by Paykel’s scale, on which the whole sample reported a high frequency of life events in the 6 months before onset of illness. These preliminary data suggest a rationale for the therapeutic strategies of interpersonal psychotherapy in individuals with panic disorder.

Quality of Life and Sickle Cell Disease.

Currently, there is no validated disease-specific, global quality of life (QOL) instrument for sickle cell disease (SCD). The purpose of the current research was to develop an instrument to assess QOL in adults with SCD. The 126-item QOL Questionnaire was developed using 4 validated instruments and their original, disease-specific QOL questions. These instruments included the following: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (Likert scale 1 to 5) that measures physical function, psychological status, and pain; Rand Instrument that assesses general well being; Cantril Ladder Visual Analog Scaling (10-point scale) for life satisfaction and life improvement goals; and Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale Self Report for measures of vocation and sexual relationships. Quality of and access to care were measured using scaling of patients' perceptions of health care provider effectiveness in pain management. These questions were original to the study. Generic questions were selected based upon debriefing 10 patients who previously completed the survey. Paper questionnaires were administered to “walk-in” patients at the sickle cell clinic over a period of 3 months. QOL scores were generated for multi-item measures of: overall QOL; general health perceptions (pain, overall health, and health perceptions); physical functioning (mobility, walking and bending, arm function, and ability to perform household tasks); emotional well being (tension level, mood, life satisfaction, life improvement goals, and general feelings); social functioning (activities, support, work or vocation, and personal relationships); and quality of and access to care (social services, self care, and perception of health personnel). The overall QOL score was obtained by summing the scores for the multi-item measures. The maximum possible QOL score was 600. An independent-sample t-test was conducted to compare QOL scores for SCD and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as well as patients by sex and co-morbidity status. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc significance testing was used to determine whether the QOL varied significantly by age, income, and education. A total of 151 patients (SCD=106, RA=45) completed the questionnaire. Pilot data demonstrates there are no statistically significant differences in overall QOL scores (p=0.574) of SCD and RA patients. There were also no statistically significant differences in overall QOL scores of SCD patients than in RA patients when analyzed by gender (p=0.515), income (p=0.221), education (p=0.228), and co-morbidity status (p=0.642). Pain QOL scores were higher in SCD patients. Mobility QOL scores were significantly different between RA and SCD patients (p=0.001). Mobility, arm movement, walking and bending, and ability to perform household task QOL scores were higher in SCD patients. SCD patients scored higher on QOL measures of mood, tension, and life satisfaction. However, RA patients scored significantly higher on the measure of life improvement goal setting (p=0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences seen in social activity scores of RA and SCD patients in QOL measures of social functioning. Respondents reported good socialization with peers. We have modified our instrument to reflect SCD-specific QOL issues by deleting domains more specific for RA suggested by the patients and by adding an interruption scale. The differences that we observed were consistent with the pathophysiology of the two diseases. This instrument, Sickle Cell Impact Measurement Scales, will be administered to sickle cell patients in several centers.

Study of small-scale self-focusing in laser beams by high-order contrast

In this paper, high_order contrast is brought forward for studying small_scale self_focusing phenomenon in high_power solid state laser drivers. Based on the properties of semi_invariant, we obtain the analytic expressions of high_order contrast of near field of beams. Finally, we study the propagation of plane waves with PSD phase noise and obtain the evolution of fill factor, modulation, contra st, third_order contrast and fourth_order contrast with Bintegral value. C omparing the results of numerical simulation, we find that third_order contrast and fourth_order contrast are good parameters for characterizing the small_scale self_focusing phenomenon.

A Factor Analysis of Traits Related to Individual Differences in Antisocial Behavior

Male undergraduates and men from the local community completed questionnaires dealing with antisocial behavior, aggression, mating effort, and self-esteem. An exploratory maximum likelihood factor analysis revealed three factors, labeled Aggressiveness, Mating Success, and Antisociality. No clear mating effort factor emerged. Number of sexual partners and Preference for Partner Variety loaded on Mating Success, but age at first intercourse loaded on Antisociality. The only significant correlation among the factors was between Aggressiveness and Antisociality. Variables from each of the 3 factors discriminated between individuals scoring at the extreme ends of the Childhood and Adolescence Taxon Scale–Self Report, a measure containing items previously shown to identify a discrete class of antisocial offenders.

The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self Report: Factor structure and item stability.

The Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale--Self-Report (PAIS-SR; Derogatis & Derogatis, 1990), a frequently used measure of adjustment in medically ill adults, was subjected to several exploratory factor analyses, with principal-axes factor extractions and varimax rotation procedures. The sample consisted of kidney, heart, liver, lung, and bone marrow transplant candidates (N = 280). The final analysis yielded a six-factor, 26-item instrument accounting for 59% of the variance. Coefficient alpha for the 26-item measure was .87, and internal consistency estimates for the factors ranged from .50 to .86. Strong correlations with other adjustment measures commonly used in the assessment of adults with chronic physical conditions support the validity of the PAIS-SR.

Atomic Scale Self Accommodation Observed at hcp/dhcp Martensitic Transformation Interfaces

The martensitic hcp→dhcp transformation was studied in single crystals of Co-0.85 at.%Fe by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. During in-situ heating dhcp lamellae emerge into the hcp areas of the TEM specimens. The minimum thickness of the lamellae is about 15 close packed planes. Frequently lamellae are observed that grow in thickness by the movement of superledges that are up to about 100 close packed planes in height. The partials at the fronts of the transformation were analysed on an atomic level in TEM images with atomic resolution. The analysis shows that the transformation fronts consists of a sequence of very narrow dipoles compensating their long range strain fields. Since dipoles of a common Burgers vector are observed it is proposed that their short range interactions might promote their correlated nucleation.

Some aspects of propagation phenomena in an optically thick medium of two-level atoms with a complementary leak transition from the upper state

We study the effect of an additional leak transition from the upper state of a resonantly excited transition, on the propagation phenomenon known as coherent small scale self focusing, arising in optically thick atomic vapours. We show how to modelize the behaviour of the laser beam by introducing an initial aperture effect followed by Fresnel diffraction, leading to an annular intensity distribution pattern.

Living in a Stepfamily

SynopsisEducational programs of six weeks’ duration on “Living in a Stepfamily” were conducted in 1984, 1985 and 1986 with a total of fifty-eight participants. In the 1985 program, the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (SEI) were administered before and after the program and a problem rating inventory given weekly. Additional research into the nature of problems encountered by the participants was carried out in all three programs and these problems were then divided into sub-categories according to the six main relationship patterns in stepfamilies. Data were analysed to determine the extent and severity of these problems, with differences and degree of severity being noted between male and female respondents. The major concern for males was their relationship with their non-custodial children, while for females it was their relationship with their partner’s children. The extent and the ways in which the program helped the participants were also examined, with si...