Scale Reading Research Articles

ORTAOKUL ALTINCI SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SESLİ OKUMA HIZLARI İLE SESLİ OKUMA PROZODİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the reading speed and prosodic readings of the sixth grade students in the secondary school. The research is of correlational design of quantitative research methods. The population of the research consists of the sixth grade students in the secondary school in the city center of Yozgat in the academic year 2018-2019. There are a total of 418 students in the sample. In order to determine the reading speed of the sixth grade students in the secondary school, a text from the sixth grade Turkish textbook was read. In addition, prosodic reading scale was used. The average reading speed of the students was determined as x=104.94. In other words, the number of words that the middle school sixth grade students read aloud in one minute is 105. Audition reading scores of the sixth grade students in the secondary school x=2.53; S= .69. In other words, it is understood that the reading aloud processes of the sixth grade students in the middle school are at an intermediate level. A moderate, positive and significant relationship was found between the reading aloud speed of the middle school students and the reading aloud prosody (r=0.433; p<0.01).

The Conceptual Foundations of the Modern Idea of Government in the British Eighteenth Century: A Distributional Concept Analysis

This essay sets out a new method for the history of ideas. Using a mixed approach combining computer assisted reading methods with more traditional close reading, the essay tracks the evolution of a set of terms over the eighteenth century that have become central to how we think about government in particular and political concepts in general. The essay is offered as an example of how data mining very large digital archives allows us to see trends and patterns that are invisible at the granular level of human scale reading, and it proposes that these largescale observations can both complement and complicate our hitherto analogue histories of ideas. The findings of this mixed approach indicate that ‘despotism’ functioned as a type of gate in an electronic circuit, sometimes allowing the connection to liberty and government and on others blocking those connections. Most significantly ‘despotism’ is shown to be an essential ingredient in the conceptual foundations of a theory of rights, liberty and government in the period and that this structure underpins contemporary theories of government.

A structural account of the difference between achievements and accomplishments: evidence from Changsha Xiang Chinese

This paper offers an analysis of ka41, an aspectual element in Changsha Xiang Chinese. It is argued that this element occupies a position in the inner-aspectual structure of the clause, between the higher aspectual marker ta21 and the lower elements expressing a lexical result (like clean in wash clean). On the basis of its co-occurrence with various verb types, we treat ka41 as an achievement marker: when present, it blocks any reading in which the denoted event proceeds along a multi-point scale, allowing only the instantaneous, two-point scale reading in which the beginning and the endpoint of the event coincide. On the basis of its syntactic distribution we argue that the syntactic position ka41 occupies is an intermediate aspectual projection (Asp2P) in the inner aspect domain, which is sandwiched between the lowest inner aspectual projection dedicated to telicity and the highest one signaling perfectivity (or realization of the end point). We review the implications of the analysis for the aspectual domain of Mandarin clauses and point out that the intermediate inner aspectual projection (Asp2P) we introduce for Changsha appears to be a suitable syntactic position for the structural analysis of the small set of grammaticalized items generally known as “Phase complements” as well.

An Investigation on the Relationship between Reading Fluency and Level of Reading Comprehension According to the Type of Texts

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the reading fluency and the reading comprehension in accordance with the type of the text. Participants of the study are 99 students who were chosen among fifth graders in a Turkish secondary school. The study utilized descriptive analysis and adopted predictive correlational research design. “Reading Comprehension Test” and “Multidimensional Reading Scale” were used as data-collection tools. According to findings; while the speed of reading, percentage of word recognition, and prosodies differed in favour of narrative texts, there was no significant difference in regard to the level of the reading comprehension. When checked for the magnitude of impacts, the significant difference in the percentage of the word recognition was found small (r= .18), the significant difference in the reading speed was large (d= 1.02), and significant difference in prosody was in the middle (d= .75). It has been found that the reading fluency elements (prosody, accuracy, and reading speed) have a significant positive relationship and a similar relationship can also be seen along the lines of the reading comprehension in different types of texts in each type of the text. Furthermore, the study has stated that speed of the reading and prosodic values can be predictors of the reading comprehension percentage on a significant level in the informative and narrative text types. The findings of this study were consistent with the literature provided by the study.

Prevalence and genotypes of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in returning wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in northern Norway.

Prevalence and genotypes of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in returning wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in northern Norway.

Student Education Through Simulation and Learning Modules for Quantifying Blood Loss in Postpartum Hemorrhage

This project’s purpose was to evaluate learning through a strategy to educate nursing students how to recognize postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), quantify blood loss, and care for patients who experience PPH. Teach junior-level, undergraduate nursing students how to recognize PPH, quantify blood loss, and care for patients with PPH in the hospital. Students’ scores from pre- and posttests were used to evaluate their ability to recognize PPH, quantify blood loss, and care for postpartum patients with PPH. After the pretest, students listen to a didactic presentation that focuses on how to recognize PPH, quantify blood loss, and care for PPH patients in the hospital. After a didactic lecture that is supported with online videos, students in small groups rotate through three stations to simulate (a) assessment of skills in recognizing PPH, (b) review process for quantifying blood loss, with hands-on practice using equipment and the PPH cart; and (c) practice skills through a PPH-simulation scenario. Students learn how to quantify blood loss in the event of PPH and gain confidence in their skills in caring for patients experiencing PPH in the hospital. All participating nursing students receive a pretest and posttest to measure baseline and postintervention knowledge, specifically their ability to recognize PPH, quantify blood loss, and care for patients with PPH. Mean scores are calculated and a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test completed to determine whether there is a significant change in students’ ability to quantify blood loss. For the evaluation of accuracy of quantification of blood loss with PPH, the difference between the scale reading (gold standard) and students’ visual estimate is calculated. A smaller difference means a more precise estimate. The calculated accuracy of blood loss is compared pre- and postintervention by using a paired student t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate, to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program.

The Relationship between Foreign Literary Work Reading and Intercultural Competence of Chinese College Students

This study constructs a scale to investigate Chinese college students' foreign literary work reading situation, and to explore the correlation between foreign literary work reading and six dimensions of intercultural competence. Firstly, the basic situation description of foreign literary work reading and intercultural competence development is conducted by Foreign Literary Work Reading Scale for Chinese College Students and Assessment of Intercultural Competence of Chinese College Students (AIC-CCS), which is proposed by Wu et al (2013) [1]. Then, combined with the Pearson Correlation of SPSS, the correlation analysis is performed and reveals that there is a significant positive relationship between foreign literary work reading and intercultural competence. And it has the greatest effect on knowledge of others, the general effect on intercultural communicative and cognitive skills, and the minimal effect on knowledge of self, attitudes and awareness. This research can provide a theoretical reference for foreign language teaching.

UPAYA MENINGKATAN KETRAMPILAN MEMBACA SERTA MENULIS ANAK MELALUI METODE PERMAINAN KARTU HURUF DAN KARTU KATA DI TK PKK PUTRAGIRI KULON PROGO

The reading and writing ability among children is still low. The children do not know letters and words yet, so that the letter card game in reading and writing activities for children at imitating level is expected to improve student’s reading and writing ability. The subject of this classroom action research was class B students in Putragiri PKK Kindergarten of 2018/2019 academic year. The data collection techniques was observation to measure the scale of reading and writing ability among students. This study conducted in two cycles. Cycle I was held on January 2019, carrying out the national day theme in the form of props story books, worksheets, student magazines, pictures, etc. After cycle I, reflection was done to plan cycle II, which be held on August 2019 with the religious holidays theme and the sub-theme was Qurban and the Idhul Adha day. The results of the study describe that 1) the reading and writing ability among children before being given an action were in the substantial category that means began to develop, 2) the letter card games can improve children's reading and writing skills.

Measuring Reading Self-Perceptions and Enjoyment: Development and Psychometric Properties of the Reading and Me Survey

The Reading and Me Survey (R&amp;MS) measures reading self-perceptions and enjoyment of reading of intermediate elementary students and parallels the Math &amp; Me Survey (M&amp;MS). We examined its psychometric properties through content validation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability and external validity analyses. Validity evidence was collected from 777 third through fifth graders from two rural and two urban school districts. Scores on the scales (Reading Self-Perceptions, 13 items; Enjoyment of Reading, nine items) exhibited strong internal consistency, and model fit was good. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), we examined the relations among reading self-perceptions, and enjoyment, mathematics self-perceptions and enjoyment, and teacher ratings of reading and mathematics ability levels, with results demonstrating patterns of discriminant and, convergent validity. Because of its developmentally appropriate vocabulary, its applicability across contexts, its brevity, its parallel format to the M&amp;MS, and its established psychometric properties, the R&amp;MS has potential to be a useful tool for researchers and educators.

Natural Growth and Mortality of the Golden Grey Mullet Liza Aurata (Risso, 1810) In the Lagoon of Klisova-Messolonghi (W. Greece)

Growth and mortality of L. aurata (Risso,1810) were estimated in the lagoon of Klisova-Messolonghi (W. Greece), based on age estimation from scale readings of a total of 1048 individuals, ranging between 10 and 59 cm in total length (TL). Age determination revealed nine age classes (0+ to 8+). Maximum age was found to be 8 years for females and 6 years for males respectively. The growth pattern of L. aurata exhibited allometry (b=3.26). The species seems to achieve 34% of its growth during the first year; thereafter the annual growth rate drops. Both sexes presented similar von Bertalanffy growth curves. The von Bertalanffy growth function for the estimated total length-at-age was found Lt = 70.78 [1 - e -0.129(t+1.345)] for the combined sexes. Otolith weight, length and width were tested and they were found to be very good predictors for age. Between the present L. aurata growth parameters and those of other Mediterranean, Caspian and Atlantic Sea for the same species, there were found significant differences in its growth parameters. The total (Z) and natural (M) mortality rate was found to be 0.54 years-1 and 0.33 years-1 respectively. The estimated exploitation rate was found to be E=0.395 which suggests that the existing fishing pressure on L. aurata is rather moderate in the investigated region.

Examination of Correlation between Attitude towards Reading and Perception of Creative Reading

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation between the attitude towards reading and the perception of creative reading. The sample group of the study, in which the correlational survey model among the qualitative research designs was conducted, consists of 319 students studying at fourth grade in primary schools. The scale for the perception of creative reading generated by Yurdakal and Susar Kirmizi and the scale for the attitude towards reading formed by Yurdakal and Susar Kirmizi were applied in collecting data for the research. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis and Simple and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were implemented for the analysis of data in the study. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, it was observed that there was a positive and high correlation between the attitude scale towards reading and its sub-dimensions. Likewise, a positive and high correlation was determined between the perception of creative reading scale and its sub-dimensions. As the attitude towards reading increases, the perception of creative reading decreases. This finding is similar for all the sub-dimensions in the scales. It was also comprehended that the attitude towards reading was a predictor of the perception of creative reading and that there were significant correlations between the perception of creative reading and the sub-dimensions of contributions, meaning, activities, and process of reading. Along with these variables, the attitude towards reading explains the perception of creative reading at a total level of 13%.&lt;/p&gt;

Three new records of fishes and their parasite fauna from Pomeranian Bay, Baltic Sea

This paper reports the occurrence of three new fish species, extremely rare in the Baltic Sea, and provides new data on their parasite fauna. The fish collected were Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758), Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814), and Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758). Their taxonomic identity was confirmed through genetic analyses using DNA extracted from fin clips. The stomach contents were examined, and age was determined by otolith or scale readings. Parasitological examinations focused on the skin, vitreous humour, eye lenses, mouth and nasal cavities, gills, gonads, viscera, and muscles. Furthermore, the changes of fish species composition over 20 years in Pomeranian Bay were analysed. The sequence comparisons against GenBank records revealed that sequences obtained for B. barbus and S. rhombus from Pomeranian Bay represent new rhodopsin barcodes. Record of the juvenile B. barbus in this study is the first in the Baltic Sea. Scophthalmus rhombus is a new host for the ciliate Trichodina jadranica, while Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) is a new food item in the diet of S. rhombus in the Baltic Sea. Acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis found in the adult specimen of B. barbus and myxozoan Myxobolus musculi, noted in the juvenile specimen, have not been recorded previously in this fish species in Polish waters. Species collected as bycatch can potentially be used for monitoring potential changes in the overall fish community structure and biodiversity.

Increased blood pressure variability after acute ischemic stroke increases the risk of death: A secondary analysis of the Virtual International Stroke Trial Archive.

BackgroundDespite promising epidemiological data, it remains unclear if increased blood pressure variability is associated with death after acute ischemic stroke. Our objective was to examine this association in a large cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of anonymized, pooled, participant data from the Virtual International Stroke Trial Archive. We included patients with a 90-day modified Rankin Scale and blood pressure readings in the 24 h after study enrollment. The exposure was blood pressure variability during the day after study enrollment, calculated for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure using six statistical methodologies. The primary outcome was death within 90 days of stroke onset.ResultsOur cohort comprised 1891 patients of whom 277 (14.7%) died within 90 days. All indices of blood pressure variability were higher in patients who died, but the difference was more pronounced for systolic than diastolic blood pressure variability (systolic standard deviation for alive versus dead patients = 13.4 versus 15.9 mmHg, p < 0.001). Similar results were found in logistic regression models fit to the outcome of death, but only systolic blood pressure variability remained significant in adjusted models (Odds Ratio for death when comparing highest to lowest tercile of systolic blood pressure variability = 1.41–1.89, p < 0.03 for all).Conclusions and relevance: These results reinforce prior studies that found increased blood pressure variability is associated with worse neurologic outcome after stroke. These data should help guide research on blood pressure variability after stroke and advocate for the inclusion of death as a clinical outcome in future studies that therapeutically reduce blood pressure variability.

Screening for Learning Difficulty Using Teacher Ratings on the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire

The present study examined clinical utility of teacher ratings on the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) learning difficulties screening within a referred, school-aged sample ( N =519, 5-18 years). Of this sample, 419 youth had CLDQ reading scale scores from a reading or general education teacher, and 338 had CLDQ math scale ratings from a math or general education teacher. Sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were examined for specific reading and math difficulties (achievement SS<85). Cut-scores were identified to maximize sensitivity (reading: 60–91%; math: 85–89%), but specificity was low (reading: 60–64%, math: 47–48%); AUCs ranged from .70-.87 for reading and .75-.77 for math. Discrimination was comparable in an elementary subsample. Conditional probabilities suggested CLDQ ratings more accurately predicted children without learning difficulties (i.e., true negatives) than with learning difficulties. Parent and teacher ratings were well correlated ( r =.71), but addition of teacher ratings improved classification accuracy and model fit ( p <.001) across domains. Furthermore, CLDQ teacher ratings were helpful in reducing false positives based upon parent ratings alone. Findings suggest teacher ratings via CLDQ can be used to screen children at risk for learning difficulties, with teacher ratings showing added value over and above parent ratings. Subscribe to LDMJ

An Investigation of Secondary School Students' Critical Visual Reading Skills Depending on Different Variables

The aim of this study is to examine the critical visual reading skills of secondary school students (5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade) in terms of different variables (gender and grade level). Study sample consisted of 400 students of 4 schools located in the city center of Mus. A screening model was used in the research. Data were collected using the 5-point Likert-type Critical Visual Reading Scale 34-item developed by Soylemez (2015). The reliability of the scale was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.814). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 22.0 at a significance level of 0.05. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistics of variables. T-test was used for analysis of quantitative continuous data in two independent groups while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analysis of quantitative continuous data in more than two independent groups. A Scheffe's test was used to to make posthoc comparisons between the groups to determine significant differences. Results show that secondary school students’ critical visual reading skills differ significantly by grade level but do not differ by gender. Several suggestions were made based on the findings.

The Effect of Performing Reading Activities with Critical Reading Questions on Critical Thinking and Reading Skills

The 21st century individual should be able to access information and critically evaluate and interpret it. What creates this obligation is the information bombing and political and commercial perception management brought about by virtual networks, the media and globalization. Therefore, critical thinking and its sub-component, critical reading, are becoming more and more important because they are the assistants of the individual who has to distinguish right from wrong and the truth from propaganda in life and texts. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of performing reading activities with critical reading questions developed by the researchers on critical thinking and reading skills, and to pave the way for further research in this area. Study sample consisted of 232 students of Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University in the academic year of 2016-2017. Participants were recruited using random sampling technique. This was a mixed design study. The qualitative dimension of the study was based on a screening model. Data were collected using document review and interview methods, and were analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative dimension of the study was based on a quasi-experimental model. Data were collected using a Critical Thinking Self-Evaluation Form and a Critical Reading Scale (pre-test-post-test) before and after a 7-week application. Data were analyzed using a statistical software package. T-test and ANOVA were used for analysis. Results show that reading activities with critical reading questions have a statistically significant effect on students’ critical thinking and reading skills. Qualitative data also support these results.

STUDENTS’ READING-RELATED FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION IN LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Secondary school students are reportedly deficient in English language reading comprehension, and this partly accounts for the poor results recorded in English language at public examinations. Studies indicate that some students really have low interest in reading, just as a number of researchers have queried availability of reading materials for students’ poor achievement in reading comprehension. The argument is that availability and use of appropriate instructional resources will tend to facilitate effective learning in schools. Thus, the study examined students’ interest in reading and availability of reading materials as they relate to and predict students’ achievement in English reading comprehension in Lagelu Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria. Survey research design of the correlational type was adopted for the study, which was guided by four research questions. The study population comprised SSS II students in this LGA. Five secondary schools were randomly selected; and a simple random technique was used to select 40 students from each school, thus, a total of 200 participants in the study. Three properly validated instruments – English Reading Comprehension Achievement Test, Students’ Interest in Reading Scale, and Availability and Utilization of English Reading Materials’ Inventory – were used to gather data, which was analyzed using frequency count, percentage, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions. Results show that the current level of students’ achievement in English reading comprehension is generally low. There is no significant relationship between students’ interest in reading and academic achievement (r=0.04, p>0.05). There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between reading materials and students’ achievement (r=0.14, p<0.05). A linear relationship exists among the variables in the study, R=0.14, R 2 =0.02 and Adj. R 2 =0.01. However, availability of reading materials [β=0.14, t(200)=1.93, p<0.05] is a potent and significant predictor of achievement in English reading comprehension. The study concludes that students’ interest in reading and availability of reading materials are significantly related to students’ achievement in English reading comprehension, though only reading materials could substantially predict students’ achievement in reading comprehension. Governments should increase reading materials in schools. There should be adequate and regular supervision of the use of instructional materials in all schools to enhance effective teaching and learning towards boosting students’ achievement. Teachers should always try their best to make use of available instructional materials, or improvise, to make lessons more interesting. Principals should provide teachers with enabling environment for the use of available instructional materials to make learning more meaningful. Article visualizations:

Teaching Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law through Experiments that Use Novel, Inexpensive Equipment Yielding Accurate Results

We discuss the use of a simple piece of equipment made of a 50 mL syringe attached to a 2 mL graduated pipet to demonstrate Boyle’s law and Charles’s law. A plot of the hydrostatic pressure against the reciprocal of the volume of the gas read from the equipment is linear as discussed in the paper and gives the atmospheric pressure at the y-intercept. A plot of the volume of the gas against the Celsius temperature of the gas is also linear as discussed in the paper and gives the absolute zero at the x-intercept. This plastic “high-precision syringe” is simple, disposable, and inexpensive (<1 USD per set) but can yield a high correlation coefficient (class median r2 ≥ 0.95) and accurate results (class median within 1% from Patm = 101 kPa or within 5 °C from −273 °C). These results are achieved because changes in gas volume are read precisely on the graduated lines of the pipet, and the change is significant because of the amount of gas in the syringe. In addition to the two gas laws, this experiment can also be used to teach glassware scale reading, error analysis, use of a spreadsheet program, and statistical analysis.

Texture analysis for automated evaluation of Jaszczak phantom SPECT system tests.

Routine quarterly quality assurance (QA) assessment of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems includes analysis of multipurpose phantoms containing spheres and rods of various sizes. When evaluated by accreditation agencies, criteria applied to assess image quality are largely subjective. Determining a quantified image characteristic metric that emulates human reader impressions of image quality could be quite useful. Our investigation was conducted to ascertain whether image texture analysis metrics, such as those applied to PET scans to detect neoplasms, could prove helpful in linking qualitative statements of phantom sphere and rod visibility to quantified parameters. Because it is not obvious whether it is preferable to submit reconstructions to accrediting agencies performed using typical clinical (CLIN) protocol processing parameters or to follow agencies' filtered backprojection (FBP) suggestions, we applied texture analysis metrics to determine the degree to which these choices affect equipment capability assessment. Data were processed retrospectively for 125 different Tc-99m SPECT scans of standardized phantoms for 14 rotating Anger detector systems as part of routine quarterly QA. Algorithms were written to compute several classes of image metrics: quantile curve metrics, image texture analysis gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) metrics, contrast metrics, and count histogram metrics. For qualitative image scores, two experienced physicists independently graded sphere and rod visibility on a 5-level scale and assigned dichotomous visibility scores, without knowledge of quantified texture analysis metrics or each other's readings. The same phantom was used to collect 15 additional data sets with two dual-detector SPECT/CT systems, reconstructed both by FBP parameters that have been suggested by accrediting agencies and by manufacturers' default settings for CLIN SPECT/CT bone imaging protocols by ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM), incorporating attenuation correction using the CT scan. Image characteristics metrics were compared for FBP and CLIN reconstructions. For spheres, the metric with the strongest rank correlation with 5-level scale readings was the quantile curve slope (ρ=0.83, P<0.0001), while for rods it was GLCM Energy normalized to the maximum GLCM Energy value (EnergyNorm) (ρ=-0.88, P<0.0001). Compared to dichotomous readings, the metric with the highest ROC area under curve (AUC) for spheres was the quantile curve slopes (AUC=96±1%, sensitivity=91%, specificity=90%), and for rods was EnergyNorm (AUC=98±1%, sensitivity=92%, specificity=95%). Image contrast was higher for all sphere sizes and rod EnergyNorm was lower for sectors of intermediate-sized rods for FBP compared to CLIN reconstructions, in agreement with more rods judged to be visible from FBP than CLIN reconstructions (47% vs 33%, P=0.002). When preparing to submit quality assurance images of standardized phantoms to accrediting agencies, a reliable gauge of sphere and rod visibility can be predicted accurately using quantified reader-independent image texture analysis metrics, which also provide a useful basis for choosing among alternative image reconstruction options.

Associations between cognitive impairment and quality of life in euthymic bipolar patients

During the euthymic state in bipolar disorder, cognitive functions often remain affected. Specifically, subjective and objective cognitive impairment might distinctly affect patients’ quality of life (QoL); however, this question had not been examined previously in Japanese patients. Therefore, the current study investigated the associations between cognitive complaints, QoL, and objective cognitive functions. Forty patients in remission were recruited from the Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan and assessed with the translated version of the cognitive complaints in bipolar disorder rating assessment (COBRA), medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey version 2 (SF-36v2), and Sheehan disability scale (SDS). The Japanese adult reading scale, Wisconsin card sorting test, word fluency, continuous performance test, trail making test (TMT), auditory verbal learning, and Stroop test evaluated objective cognitive functions. Significant correlations were observed between the COBRA, SF-36v2, and SDS results, as well as the TMT scores. Overall, euthymic patients were aware of their cognitive dysfunction, which could be understood in relation to the decrease in satisfaction in their daily life. Therefore, even mild cognitive impairments can have ramifications for patients in the euthymic state of bipolar disorder.