Scale Processes Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of a Power Rotary Slicing Machine

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a power operated rotary slicer capable of slicing plantain, cocoyam, cassava among others. The machine is designed and fabricated to aid production of chips in plantain, cassava, cocoyam and other related farm products for frying and as well drying for immediate consumption and storage purposes. The machine is made up of two blades cutter and operated at speed of 1440rpm to overcome drawbacks of existing hands or power operated slicer and to meet the demand of small scale processing industries. Samples was taken for plantain, cocoyam and cassava to evaluate the efficiency and capacity of the machine. The machine has 83% efficiency and capable of producing 22.9kg/h.

Influence of Magnetic Field on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Critical Review

This review reports a critical study on the effect of magnetic fields on the precipitation process of calcium carbonate scale from hard water. Indeed, the harmful consequences of the water scaling phenomenon urged researchers to find effective solutions. One of the interesting antiscaling processes is the magnetic treatment of water, which triggers a reduction in the precipitation of calcium carbonate on the walls when in contact with hard water. In the present review, we discuss selected examples related to this process in a combined analysis of the latest advances and the mechanism of action of the magnetic field. Despite the diversity of studies investigating this phenomenon, the effectiveness of this treatment remains a controversial issue, and it is not possible to obtain a clear explanation of the phenomenon. This review proposes, finally, interesting hypotheses which can effectively explain the effect of magnetic treatment on the behavior of hard waters and the precipitation of calcium carbonate, which include magnetohydrodynamics and the hydration effect.

Determinants and strategies for successful scale-up of health interventions in the Netherlands

Abstract Background Although many evidence-based health interventions are proven effective, the process of scaling up is often complex and challenging. Yet, some interventions have managed to achieve successful scale-up. This provides a window of opportunity to learn from those experiences to inform future scale up processes. Objectives This mixed-methods study aimed to assess determinants and scale-up strategies contributing to successful scale-up of health promotion interventions in the Netherlands. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with intervention owners (i.e. the individual or team taking the responsible for several aspects related to implementation and scale-up) (N = 25) of successfully scaled interventions (implemented across various health behaviours and different settings), and other relevant stakeholders (N = 10) involved in scaling up. Additionally, a survey was distributed among interventions (N = 306) registered in a national intervention database to assess scale-up experiences. Results Scale-up is often the result of a combination of determinants, such as persistent commitment of intervention owners and stakeholders, new funding opportunities, and accreditation by institutions. Several scale-up strategies were identified related to funding (e.g. reducing costs by setting up collaborations), organizational processes (e.g. infrastructure to support implementation), monitoring and evaluation, and dissemination and advocacy. Conclusions Achieving successful scale-up does not happen automatically and continuous effort of the intervention owner is crucial. There is no such thing as one successful scaling strategy which succeeds across all contexts. The intervention owner typically takes the lead in diverse scaling pathways, where sufficient time, funding, the right moment and added value form the critical ingredients for success. Funding: This study was funded by ZonMw. Key messages • Crucial elements of achieving scale-up are the continuous effort of the intervention owner, sufficient time, funding, the right moment and added value of the intervention. • Funding should not me allocated for new initiatives but also for continuous development of interventions, ongoing evaluation and covering overhead costs.

A posteriori error estimation and adaptivity for temporal multiscale problems

AbstractIn science and engineering, problems over multiple scales in time often arise. Two examples are material damage in oscillating structures or plaque growth in pulsating blood vessels. Here the long term effects are of interest but they depend on the coupled fast‐changing physical processes which must be taken into account. One method to efficiently simulate these problems is to split them into an averaged slow scale process and a localized fast scale process. We apply the dual weighted residual method on a generalized formulation for this type of problem to obtain an error estimator which can be used for adaptive refinement. Special care must be taken to separate the slow scale and fast scale influences on the estimator.

Optimizing Business Processes: Harnessing Robotic Process Automation in Chinese Enterprises

Abstract: With the continuous development of science and technology, the study of digital technology in China has become increasingly in-depth. As an effective means for enterprises to achieve automated management and standardized operations, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has attracted widespread attention. RPA process automation technology can improve the efficiency of financial management and ensure the quality of work while meeting enterprise development needs. This study explores the multifaceted applications and impact of RPA in the financial shared services sector. By utilizing RPA, companies can streamline processes, reduce costs and increase overall operational flexibility. The study delves into the theoretical underpinnings of RPA adoption, drawing on concepts such as economies of scale, process reengineering and information processing theory. In addition, the paper illuminates the transformative impact of RPA on business operations through field case studies, including the pioneering efforts of Sinochem International. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the pros and cons of RPA implementation, this paper provides valuable insights for Chinese companies seeking to optimize their business processes and embrace the era of intelligent automation.

Spatial Downscaling of Sea Surface Temperature Using Diffusion Model

In recent years, advancements in high-resolution digital twin platforms or artificial intelligence marine forecasting have led to the increased requirements of high-resolution oceanic data. However, existing sea surface temperature (SST) products from observations often fail to meet researchers’ resolution requirements. Deep learning models serve as practical techniques for improving the spatial resolution of SST data. In particular, diffusion models (DMs) have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to generate more vivid and realistic results than other neural networks. Despite DMs’ potential, their application in SST spatial downscaling remains largely unexplored. Hence we propose a novel DM-based spatial downscaling model, called DIFFDS, designed to obtain a high-resolution version of the input SST and to restore most of the meso scale processes. Experimental results indicate that DIFFDS is more effective and accurate than baseline neural networks, its downscaled high-resolution SST data are also visually comparable to the ground truth. The DIFFDS achieves an average root-mean-square error of 0.1074 °C and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 50.48 dB in the 4× scale downscaling task, which shows its accuracy.

Monitoring small-scale bioreactor studies for media development using polarized total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (pTSFS) and synchronous light scattering (SyLS)

Biopharmaceutical process development often involves the use of small-scale bioreactors (SSBR) for optimizing media formulations and process conditions during scale up to commercial scale production. Two key process parameters (CPP) used in SSBR studies are protein titre and viable cell density (VCD). Here, we explore the efficacy of parallel polarized total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (TSFS||) and Synchronous Light Scattering (SyLS||) to qualitatively monitor these CPPs and quantitatively predict titre and VCD for a large-scale cell culture media optimization SSBR study. The study involved 71 different media formulations (50+ components each), and the bioprocess was run for 13 days or more. Samples were extracted at set times (Day 0, 3, 9, and 13) and clarified by centrifugation. TSFS|| spectra showed significant emission changes along with increased light scatter over the course of the bioprocess. SyLS|| measurements strongly correlated with particle size data obtained from Dynamic Light Scattering but did not correlate well with VCD probably because of the centrifugation-based sample preparation. Statistical and principal component analysis (PCA) of the pTSFS data showed that spectral variation was greater between media formulations than due to the evolving bioprocess. This prevented the development of accurate global prediction models for media performance (e.g., predicting product titre at day 9 from media spectra measured at day 0). However, classification methods were successfully used to select media subsets with better quantitative prediction accuracy based on spectral similarities. A practical binary (high/low performance) classification model based on Support Vector Machines was generated for media formulation screening. Combining emission and scatter measurements with multivariate data analysis provides a more holistic, multi-attribute bioprocess monitoring method that minimizes the need to use different offline analytical methods. This methodology can be used to monitor process trajectories and deviations, and ultimately be used to predict bioprocess CPPs when implemented on production scale processes where there is much less compositional variation in the media. We believe this SSBR-pTSFS/SyLS approach will provide a valuable resource to develop the design/parameter space for in-process monitoring at production scale from early-stage process/media development studies.

Study on the effect of particles in oilfield produced water on the deposition process of CaCO3

In crude oil production, scale deposition significantly reduces production output and elevates operational costs, posing a severe threat to production safety. While chemical methods have been extensively explored for the scaling and inhibition of inorganic salts, the inorganic scaling triggered by solid particle scaling in complex oilfield water has largely been overlooked. This study involves the introduction of particles into a supersaturated CaCO3 solution, utilizing static scale inhibition and conductivity techniques to examine their influence on the scaling process and crystallization rate. It is evident that solid particles expedite the deposition process of CaCO3. Moreover, the deposition rate of CaCO3 is influenced by factors such as the solid particle content, particle size, and stirring speed. It is noteworthy that the presence of solid particles solely impacts the formation rate of CaCO3 crystals, without altering the total deposition. Specifically, under conditions of 70°C, 250/min stirring speed, and 0.08% SiO2 addition, the deposition rate of CaCO3 is enhanced by 13.5%. The nucleus growth rate constant increases from 11.10 × 10-3min-1 to 14.52 × 10-3min-1 and the crystal growth rate constant increases from 3.02 × 10-3min-1 to 3.36 × 10-3min-1 at most. Observations made through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized light microscopy reveal that scaling occurs predominantly on the added solid particles in later stages, indicating that solid particles in supersaturated solutions serve as crystal nuclei, inducing the growth of CaCO3 crystals and thus accelerating scaling. This research provides valuable insights for the study of scaling in complex water environments.

Techno-economic analysis of bioplastic and biofuel production from a high-ash microalgae biofilm cultivated in effluent from a municipal anaerobic digester

Rotating Algae Biofilm Reactors (RABRs) are a promising technology for efficient treatment of wastewater and production of algae-based bioproducts. However, RABR-grown algae can contain a high content of ash (30–60 wt%, dry basis), which influences the technical and economic feasibility of bioproduct conversion processes. In this report, experimental studies and economic analysis were conducted to compare different processes for bioproduct conversion of a high-ash microalgae biofilm grown using a RABR treating 0.6 million gallons per day of anaerobic digestion centrate at the Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility in Salt Lake City, UT. Process and economic models were developed and compared for three conversion processes: 1) the production of bioplastics, 2) the production of bioplastics with a lipid-extraction pretreatment, and 3) the production of biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction. Techno-economic analysis was performed for each conversion process, including three cases for algae productivity: 231, 391, and 577 metric tons per year (dry basis). The calculated value for the minimum plastic selling price (MPSP) of bioplastics produced from algae ranges from $4050 to $3520 per metric ton based on the baseline and final productivity cases of the RABR, respectively. The extraction of lipids in addition to bioplastic production results in an MPSP of $4570 to $4000 per metric ton for the same productivity cases. The relatively small production scale and complex processing for hydrothermal liquefaction results in a minimum fuel selling price of the biocrude of $5.32 per gallon of gasoline equivalent. The conversion process for bioplastic production from whole algae has the highest income:expense ratio and the most cost-competitive pricing of the three modeled processes.

Satellite based analysis of rapid intensification of Super Cyclone Amphan

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are formidable natural hazards with destructive impacts on life and property along the tropical belt. TCs are responsible for multiple hazards such as riverine and urban floods, extreme winds, and lightning, storm surge significantly amplifying the threats they pose. Rapid Intensification (RI), defined as a sudden increase in Maximum Sustained Winds (MSWs) by 30 kt or more in 24 h, has been a growing concern. These events, characterized by a swift escalation in MSW are challenging to the forecasters and remain a considerable operational challenge, amplifying risks for coastal communities. Numerical modeling also struggles to predict RI, with limitations in describing inner core convective scale processes cited as a major limitation. Monitoring and assessing TCs heavily rely on satellite-based observations due to the absence of adequate in-situ measurements over the ocean. In the present study, we examine Super Cyclonic Storm (SuCS) Amphan, the first Super Cyclone of this century, that formed over the Bay of Bengal in 2020 using satellite imagery and derived products available in near-real time to monitor and identify the early signatures for the RI. It is observed that the intensification is intricately tied to substantial expansions in both the outer and inner core sizes along with its symmetricity before the RI. Notably, no significant alterations in size are observed between the very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) and SuCS stages. The convection characteristics of TCs are found to provide crucial markers of their intensification, with a particular emphasis on polar satellite-based passive microwave imagery for analyzing embedded convection and early eye detection. Key observations indicate that inner convective ring patterns, identified through 37Ghz microwave imagery in lower-level convection, act as precursors to rapid intensification. Concurrently, the outer ring pattern observed during the mid-life course is found to permit further intensification of the system.

Ambroxol Hydrochloride: A Comprehensive Review on Industrial‐Scale Synthesis, Pharmacological Aspects & Therapeutic Applications

AbstractAmbroxol hydrochloride is a pharmaceutical compound that is primarily used to treat respiratory disorders characterized by excessive mucus production. It is a mucolytic agent used in treating various respiratory conditions, including bronchitis, asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), and cystic fibrosis. The standard industrial‐scale synthesis involves Schiff's base formation followed by reduction; this method is widely adopted due to its efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. Apart from this, various patented methodologies have emerged recently, along with novel therapeutic applications, where it is used for treating Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These findings open new avenues for its use in various medical treatments. The current review aims to assess the industrial scale processes in the current market, examine its pharmacological action, and explore recently evaluated therapeutic applications, offering a comprehensive overview of its potential in modern medicine.

Streamlining Thionyl Tetrafluoride (SOF4) and Pentafluorooxosulfate [OSF5]- Anions Syntheses.

A one pot room temperature synthesis of thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4) from elemental fluorine (F2) and thionyl fluoride (SOF2) is reported. The selective decagram scale process (100 mmol) allows a quantitative preparation of SOF4 with high purity. The solid-state structure has also been elucidated and compared with the reported gas-phase one. The use of this reagent for the formation of the emerging pentafluorooxosulfate [cat][OSF5] anions led to the preparation of multiple ion-pairs (cat = Ag, NEt3Me, PPN, PPh4) in different organic solvents. The SuFEx reservoir ability of this anion was studied and by tuning the solvent system, the reactivity of pure thionyl tetrafluoride was observed using Ag[OSF5] in THF and acetone.

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF SINTERING OF ROLLING SCALE

This article presents the results of studies conducted to determine the optimal parameters of sintering of rolled scale in a mixture with iron-containing steelmaking waste. The conducted studies of sintering of rolled scale have shown that the gas permeability of the charge depends on a number of physical properties, the size and shape of the grains, the amount of return, the height of the charge layer, and the moisture content of the charge. The initial gas permeability strongly depends on the degree of humidification of the agglomeration charge, especially when sintering small classes of materials under study. The maximum gas permeability of the charge is ensured with an optimal granulometric composition of the charge, which is characterized by an average equivalent diameter: the higher this indicator, the higher the gas permeability of the charge. The value of the surface tension reaches its maximum at a certain moisture content of the charge, which is the optimal moisture for this charge. By increasing the amount of return during agglomeration, the vertical sintering rate increases and the quality of the agglomerate improves. These factors lead to an increase in the productivity of sintering plants. According to the results of the study, the optimal parameters of the sintering sintering process of rolled scale in a mixture with iron-containing steelmaking waste were worked out. It is established that the optimal amount of return is the use of 20 % of the mass of the sintering charge at the optimal height of the sintered layer of 300 mm. As a result of the conducted research, the following optimal indicators were achieved: mechanical strength – 70.2 %, sintering rate – 28.7 mm/min, specific productivity – 1.75 t/m2·hour. Keywords: Rolling scale, agglomeration, optimal parameters, sintering, return, layer height.

Subnational leadership in response to environment and climate change

ABSTRACT This paper explores subnational leadership in collective action, responding to environment and climate change. The research was conducted in the county of Cornwall in the UK to explore why and how people take up local leadership roles, and how personal and shared values influence their activities. The results show four dimensions of place-based leadership: (1) willingness (the individual or I-dimension), (2) mobilisation and framing (the collective or WE-dimension), (3) place-shaping practices and leadership roles (the practical or IT-dimension) and (4) collaboration and responsiveness (the political or THEY-dimension). Our findings illustrate the relevance of (inter)subjective aspects of local leadership and how leaders support different scaling processes.

Investigation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for modeling of two-phase flow through porous medium: application for drainage and imbibition processes

The drainage and imbibition processes are critical mechanisms in petroleum engineering. These processes in a porous medium are controlled by surface forces and pressure gradients. The study of these processes in the pore scale by common simulators always has limitations in multiphase flow modeling. Also, obtaining relative permeability curves through laboratory analysis requires expensive equipment. Additionally, these laboratory experiments are quite expensive and may introduce significant uncertainties. For this purpose, this study investigated the creation of relative permeability curves and their effect on oil production. Initially, single-phase fluid and two-phase droplet flow within a fracture with both soft and rough surfaces were utilized to validate the formulation of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Then, by using three randomly constructed porous medium models, the imbibition and drainage processes have been studied. Finally, sensitivity study has been carried out on critical parameters related to fluid flow dynamics in the porous environment, including pressure changes, wettability, and heterogeneity in drainage and imbibition processes. The simulation results were consistent with current theories; therefore, it is reasonable to consider SPH to characterize the fluid flow dynamic during the drainage and imbibition processes. According to sensitivity studies, pressure gradient (residual saturation of displaced fluid is about 5.65% and 8.44%) and heterogeneity (the residual saturation of the displaced fluid was 4.04% and 2.98%) have the largest impact on flow modeling in both drainage and imbibition processes and wettability (the residual saturation became 36.62% and 5.12%) has significant effect on the drainage process through porous medium. In general, fluid flow dynamic studies can be performed using the SPH method to model fluid flow in simple and complex porous medium under various flow conditions. The SPH method can also be used as an applicable tool to investigate the hydrocarbon fluids flow within larger geometries in the future.

Insights into gypsum and silica scaling behaviors of dense Janus membranes in membrane distillation: The effect of varied surface properties

Dense Janus membranes (JMs) have emerged as potential candidates to address the tough scaling issue in hypersaline wastewater treatments for membrane distillation (MD). However, behaviors and mechanisms of various scalants on dense JMs have not been systematically investigated. Herein, we designed three dense JMs to simultaneously compare their anti-scaling properties against gypsum and silica in MD and focus on the critical role of varied surface property in scaling control. Results showed that dense JMs with highly positive gypsum-membrane interfacial energy and with strong electrical repulsion against silica species were more effective in resisting gypsum and silica, respectively. Scaled membrane characterization, quartz crystal microbalance monitoring, interfacial energy analysis and AFM force measurement revealed the distinct anti-scaling mechanisms. Highly hydrophilic surfaces without specific interactions with scaling ions provided robust thermodynamic barriers and less kinetically affected local supersaturations, preventing gypsum nucleation and growth. In contrast, positively charged surfaces favorably attracted negatively charged silica species with high reactivity, promoting subsequent polymerization with silicic acid that kinetically dominated silica scaling. Moreover, coexisting oversaturated gypsum and silica influenced the scaling behavior of each other, and surface properties of the preferentially formed scaled layer might also matter in scaling process. This study shall provide useful insights into the anti-scaling mechanisms of dense JMs in MD and highlight the potential of dense surface design as an effective scaling control strategy to pave the way for potential MD applications.

Study of directions of unification of technology transfer in ukraine with the regulation of the European Union

Problem setting. In modern economic conditions, the key to effective economic development of any country is the development of the production sphere of the national economy. At the same time, its level depends on the penetration of knowledge-intensive, advanced and breakthrough technologies. Most economically developed countries even implement integrated state policies aimed at stimulating and scaling technology transfer processes. Thanks to this, the number of those technologies that are implemented in the sphere of public production increases, and the share of highly competitive products increases significantly. The economic system of Ukraine is no exception to this rule. Thus, since 2006, Ukraine has had a special official document the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer”. Its main task is to determine the requirements of how the state (in the form of authorized bodies) will contribute to the scaling process of technology transfer. The course announced by Ukraine for joining the European Union (hereinafter referred to as “the EU”) imposes on it special obligations regarding the unification of regulatory approaches to the identification of technology transfer with EU requirements. The specified situation determines, on the one hand, the relevance of scientific research on this topic, and places on scientists the task of forming relevant proposals. It is science that should shape them and determine effective directions, methods and forms of unification of the principles of functioning of Ukraine with EU requirements and thereby stabilize and intensify the transfer of technologies. Purpose of research is to develop methods and techniques for unifying the regulatory approach to defining the essence of technology transfer in Ukraine with the requirements of the European Union. This will make it possible to formulate recommendations for the Ukrainian public authorities when they implement managerial decisions within the framework of the State technology policy and form the basis for proposals for amending its national regulatory acts. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following interrelated tasks: (1) to analyze the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under EU law; (2) to study the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under Ukrainian law; (3) to formulate proposals on the main directions of unification of legal regulation of technology transfer under Ukrainian law with the requirements of EU law. Analysis of recent research and publications. An analysis of recent research and publications on the topic shows that many scholars have considered the general issues of state intervention in the national economy. The problem of the essence of technology transfer has been studied both at the level of independent economic systems and within international organizational entities. Article’s main body. The object of this research is a set of regulatory methods and techniques for determining the content and essence of such a category as technology transfer. Both the requirements of Ukraine and the regulatory approaches of the European Union are studied. The analysis and generalization of the existing world and international approaches to the identification of the essence of technology transfer established that they are not unified among themselves and differ significantly from each other. It has been proven that this does not meet the needs of technology transfer participants and does not meet the strategic goals of Ukraine’s development. The expediency of expanding the existing concept of determining the essence of technology transfer defined in Ukraine is substantiated. Recommendations on directions for the unification of regulatory approaches to the definition of technology transfer with the European Union have been formed. The need to amend the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer” in order to bring it into line with the requirements of the European Union has been proven. Conclusions and prospects for development. It was determined that the current legislation of Ukraine contains a narrower approach to determining the essence of technology transfer. Recommendations on the unification of the requirements of Ukraine with the requirements of the EU, on the issue of identification of technology transfer, have been formed. The expediency of expanding the forms of technology transfer is substantiated by supplementing them with the following: – Transfer of technology during the implementation of special interstate defense and industrial programs. – Transfer of technology within the framework of grant funding and cooperation. – Transfer of technology during the implementation of public procurement. – Transfer of technology as a contribution to the integral property complex (statutory or accumulated capital) of economic entities. – Transfer of technology during the creation of startups.

Abstract C013: Racial disparities in Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) during early stage breast cancer chemotherapy: Associations with symptoms and the ability to receive dose-intensive chemotherapy

Abstract Purpose: Documented racial disparities exist in the dose intensity of early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) chemotherapy, partly due to chemotherapy symptom toxicity and subsequent dose modifications. Effective communication is crucial for early symptom mitigation. We explored the associations between racial differences in patient-clinician communication, symptom experience, and the ability to receive the full dose of ESBC chemotherapy. Methods - A descriptive, correlational design compared clinician communication, symptoms, and the ability to obtain dose-intensive ESBC chemotherapy by race. Multi-site - large, urban breast cancer outpatient clinics. Patients completed the 18-item Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) and 13-item Symptom Distress Scale (SDS) at baseline and each chemotherapy visit. The IPC assesses clarity of communication, elicitation of concerns, explaining results, shared decision-making, compassion, discrimination due to race/ethnicity, and disrespectful office staff. Mean scores for IPC and SDS were calculated for each visit, and average scores across all visits were created for each participant; chemotherapy dose intensity - Receiving 85% or more of the prescribed chemotherapy within the projected timeline, dichotomized to yes or no—Analysis - IBM® SPSS®, version 27. Descriptive statistics were generated for raw data. Pearson’s correlations were used to examine bivariate associations and univariate and multivariate logistic or linear regression models to explore associations further. Results – N = 216 women, 37% - Black and 63% - White. The mean age was 52.99 ± 12.31 years. IPC - Black patients reported significantly higher (worse) IPC scores for "lack of clarity," "discrimination," and "disrespectful office staff" compared to White patients (all ps ≤ 0.01). Associations of SDS and IPC - Patients with higher IPC subscale scores for "lack of clarity," "discrimination," and "disrespectful office staff," and lower scores for "compassion and respect" experienced significantly higher levels of symptom distress (all ps < 0.05). Associations between IPC and Dose Intensity - Patients reporting higher (worse) discrimination scores were less likely to receive 85% of the prescribed chemotherapy. The IPC "discrimination" subdomain score was significantly associated with chemotherapy dose intensity (χ2(1)=6.910, p=0.009). Each one-unit increase in perceived "discrimination" subdomain score increased the likelihood of not receiving prescribed chemotherapy (B=0.985, OR=2.602, p=0.014) by approximately 160.2%. Conclusions - Black patients perceive poorer quality IPC than White patients during ESBC chemotherapy. Specific subdomains of IPC are associated with worse symptom distress and the inability to receive the full dose of ESBC chemotherapy, primarily driven by perceived discrimination. We must understand the relationship between race, communication, symptoms, and the ability to receive appropriate chemotherapy dose intensity. Citation Format: Margaret Q. Rosenzweig, Hiba Q. Abujaradeh. Racial disparities in Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) during early stage breast cancer chemotherapy: Associations with symptoms and the ability to receive dose-intensive chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C013.

A new electrolyte for molten carbonate decarbonization

The molten Li2CO3 transformation of CO2 to oxygen and graphene nanocarbons (GNCs), such as carbon nanotubes, is a large scale process of CO2 removal to mitigate climate change. Sustainability benefits include the stability and storage of the products, and the GNC product value is an incentive for carbon removal. However, high Li2CO3 cost and its competitive use as the primary raw material for EV batteries are obstacles. Common alternative alkali or alkali earth carbonates are ineffective substitutes due to impure GNC products or high energy limitations. A new decarbonization chemistry utilizing a majority of SrCO3 is investigated. SrCO3 is much more abundant, and an order of magnitude less expensive, than Li2CO3. The equivalent affinities of SrCO3 and Li2CO3 for absorbing and releasing CO2 are demonstrated to be comparable, and are unlike all the other alkali and alkali earth carbonates. The temperature domain in which the CO2 transformation to GNCs can be effective is <800 °C. Although the solidus temperature of SrCO3 is 1494 °C, it is remarkably soluble in Li2CO3 at temperatures less than 800 °C, and the electrolysis energy is low. High purity CNTs are synthesized from CO2 respectively in SrCO3 based electrolytes containing 30% or less Li2CO3.

Multi-scale processes of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at Earth’s magnetopause

The Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is a large scale convective instability which occurs anywhere the velocity shear between two fluids is large, such as Earth’s magnetopause where the fast flowing magnetosheath abuts the relatively stagnant outer magnetosphere. The KHI was initially believed to contribute only to energy and momentum transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere, but was eventually shown to support mass transport and plasma heating. Recent advancements in in-situ observational capabilities and high scale computer modeling have once again shifted our understanding of the KHI from a large scale process, to an active environment which connects the global and kinetic scales through a variety of multi-scale processes and phenomena. In this mini-review, we provide an update on the latest findings in Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) related processes at kinetic scales and the effects of the global environment on KH development.