Scale Of Investment Research Articles

Research on industrial Internet of Things and power grid technology application based on knowledge graph and data asset relationship model

Abstract Power grid data asset management, maintaining the health and integrity of physical assets, optimising the allocation of physical assets, dynamically monitoring the distribution and operation of physical assets, and predicting the investment scale of operation and maintenance and technological transformation are important issues faced by power grid companies. First, the existing literature in this paper is sorted out to define the concept and characteristics of data assets. Then, a training model based on a knowledge graph and data asset relationship model is proposed. At the same time, the key technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things and the theoretical model framework of power grid technology are proposed, including device access, protocol conversion, edge data processing, connectivity, the first entry of data and the rapid growth of data volume. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the framework proposed in this paper. Experiments show that the research on industrial Internet of Things and power grid technology based on knowledge graphs and data asset relationship model is of great significance for enterprises to exert data value and promote the development of the digital economy.

Study on the Impact of FDI on Environmental Pollution in Hebei Province

In recent years, with the further development of economic internationalization, the scale of foreign direct investment continues to expand, and the pace of free flow of global funds is further accelerating. At the same time, FDI has also had many positive effects on the host country, including leading scientific and technological level and leading enterprise management skills. However, at the same time, the impact of foreign direct investment on China's economic development environment has attracted more and more attention. The "pollution paradise" hypothesis points out that foreign direct investment has a serious impact on the natural environment of the host country, while the "pollution halo" hypothesis points out that foreign direct investment has also produced a certain improvement effect on the natural environment of the host country. Based on some data of Hebei Province from 2010 to 2020, this thesis selects FDI, the proportion of tertiary industry and trade openness in Hebei Province as explanatory variables, and selects the intensity of environmental pollution in Hebei Province as explanatory variables. Then through three research methods, the first is literature research, data analysis and empirical analysis. Through the above research methods, this thesis analyzes the impact of FDI on environmental pollution, summarizes and finds that FDI can improve environmental pollution in Hebei Province, and finally puts forward some feasible suggestions.

Phased Quantitative Analysis Model of Grid Investment Scale Based on Logistic Function

In order to reduce the cost of power grid transformation, a phased quantitative analysis model of power grid investment scale based on logistic function is proposed. The traditional logistic function is optimized by adding random variables, and the characteristic points are obtained by multi-stage derivation. Combined with the power grid operation performance index and S-curve fitting of logistic function, the investment scale stage of power grid is divided. Taking the minimum variance of the comprehensive evaluation margin of power grid performance as the optimization objective of the phased quantitative analysis model of power grid investment scale, the investment scale stage of the power grid is realized under the set constraints Qualitative and quantitative analysis. The experimental results show that the model can allocate the investment amount of different levels of power grid according to the comprehensive performance of the power grid, and the highest fitting degree with the actual planning investment amount can reach 99.70%, which can realize the reasonable investment of all levels of power grid.

Delays in public investment projects

The returns from public investment, especially during periods of scaling up, are often lower than expected. To understand the mechanisms behind this regularity we exploit original information on investment projects obtained from World Bank project reports to document the extent and the drivers of time delays in project implementation. We find that almost 60 percent of investment projects are delayed by at least one year. Time overruns are common across sectors and countries. A sound planning and preparation matter for the timing of project execution. Country characteristics also play a role, as projects undertaken in countries with weaker institutions and in periods of public investment scaling up are completed with longer delays.

A key to urban economic growth or an unnecessary burden? Opening airports in small and medium-sized cities

China has recently begun to deploy airports in small and medium-sized cities, and local governments must allocate adequate financial subsidies to maintain their operations. This article examines whether opening airports in small and medium-sized cities is the key to economic growth or an unnecessary burden. To solve the endogeneity problem, we constructed an instrumental variable based on historical ground transportation accessibility and provincial airport density. The main finding is that airports have a positive effect on local economic development. This positive effect depends on the city's industrial foundation and resource endowments. Airports cannot promote the economic growth of cities in remote or poor areas, but they could play an important role in promoting the economy of cities with high-level tourism resources and a strong industry foundation. Airports promote urban economy by increasing comprehensive transportation capacity, improving the market accessibility for enterprises in small and medium-sized cities. Firm-level micro-evidence suggests that airports can shorten the temporal and spatial distances between cities, which significantly increases the productivity, sales, output, exports, and investment scale of industrial firms. Airports promote the economic growth of small and medium-sized cities by enhancing the economic vitality of micro-firms.

Bilevel optimization for the reorganization of inland river ports: A niche perspective

To address the problems of duplicate construction, disorderly competition, small scale, and weak functionality, we examine the reorganization optimization of an inland river port group to realize its coordinated development. Considering port customers' decision-making behaviors, we propose a bilevel programming model for inland river port group reorganization based on niche theory. More specifically, an upper-level model is used to develop a reorganization plan, including the inland river port spatial layout and expansion extent, to maximize the value contributed by the port group to its region and industry and minimize the competition among the ports from the perspective of port management. More specifically, two upper-level objectives can be creatively measured by niche breadth and niche overlap. A lower-level model oriented to port customers aims to reduce their respective logistics costs by designing a transportation plan and providing feedback to the upper-level model to facilitate adjustments for port group reorganization. Since the dynamic interaction between the upper- and lower-level models significantly increases model complexity, we develop a hybrid heuristic algorithm by incorporating a genetic algorithm and an exact solution method. To verify the applicability of the proposed model and the efficiency of the developed hybrid approach, we conduct a series of numerical experiments on a real-world case study concerning Jining City, Shandong Province, China. Our case study also provides managerial insights into investment scale, land-use intensification, and the balance of planning objectives that may be useful for port managers.

The Impact of Equity-based Incentives on Company Achievements of Enterprises in Sci-Tech Innovation Board: Analysis Based on CanSinoBIO and Hotgen Biotech

This article takes CanSinoBIO and Hotgen Biotech as an example, comparing and analyzing the company data of the first quarter of 2021 to the first quarter of 2022 of the two enterprises. Apart from that, the study illustrates the influence of equity incentive on the financial performance and non-financial performance of Sci-Tech innovation board company, and further gives suggestions for the incentive plans of the two companies. The results show that the time, object and scale of investment of equity incentive have obvious influence on company achievements. Among them, the incentive for senior executives and independent directors will improve the management efficiency of the company.

A meta-analysis of environmental responses to freshwater ecosystem restoration in China (1987–2018)

Understanding how abiotic and biotic components respond to aquatic ecosystem restoration is pivotal for sustainable development in the face of economic development and global environmental change. However, the post-restoration monitoring and evaluation of aquatic ecosystems across large spatial and temporal scales is underfunded or not well documented, especially outside of Europe and North America. We present a meta-analysis of abiotic and biotic indices to quantify post-restoration (2 months–13 years) effects from reported aquatic restoration projects throughout the China-mainland, incorporating 39 lentic and 36 lotic ecosystems. Decreases in dissolved nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus) post-restoration were rapid, but tended to slow down after about 9.3 years. Response ratios summarizing biodiversity responses (incorporating phytoplankton, invertebrates, vascular plants, fish and birds) typically lagged behind abiotic changes, suggesting longer timescales are needed for biotic indices to recover. Time since restoration interacted with lentic project size showing that, even with the same proportional efforts of restoration, larger lentic ecosystems responded much more slowly than smaller ones. Spatial heterogeneity, reflecting the effects of different restoration approaches (e.g., sewage interception, polluted sediment dredging, artificial wetlands, etc.), had a significantly stronger effect on biotic than abiotic indices, particularly in rivers compared to standing waters. This reflects the complexity of fluvial ecosystem dynamics and hints at a limitation in the reinstatement of ecological processes in these systems to overcome issues such as dispersal limitations. Overall, the different timelines and processes by which abiotic and biotic indices recover after restoration should be taken into account when defining restoration targets and monitoring programs. Our study illustrates the value of long-term aquatic ecosystem monitoring, especially in China given the scale and magnitude of ongoing restoration investments in the country.

What are the determinants of wastewater discharge reduction in China? Decomposition analysis by LMDI.

Wastewater discharge reduction (WDR) is a key breakthrough point for China's environmental protection. Based on China's 30 provincial data from 2011 to 2017, this paper applied the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method to clarify the determinants of WDR at national, regional, and provincial levels. Except for wastewater discharge factor, economic development, and total population, four innovative factors, total water application intensity, water environment cost, water treatment industry development level, and drainage infrastructure investment scale were first proposed in this study. The results indicated that from 2011 to 2017, at the national level, total water application intensity and water treatment industry development level were dominant contributors to WDR, while other factors all inhibited WDR. At the regional level, the results of wastewater discharge factor, economic development, and water environment cost were similar to the national level. The drainage infrastructure investment scale had a positive effect on WDR in Northeast and South China while having a negative effect on other regions. And except for Northeast China, the water treatment industry development level promoted WRD, while the total population inhibited WDR. Finally, the determinants of WDR at the provincial level were investigated. On this basis, targeted corresponding policies were provided in this paper.

Characteristics of Disaster Losses Distribution and Disaster Reduction Risk Investment in China from 2010 to 2020

China is one of an increasing number of countries in the world that is suffering from frequent and severe natural disasters, which cause serious loss of life. The Chinese government has set up a special financial fund for natural disaster mitigation and reduction. Therefore, based on the financial expenditure data and disaster losses data obtained from ministries of emergency management and the China Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution of natural disaster losses at the economic zonal scale during 2010–2020, and then evaluated the efficiency of disaster mitigation and reduction using a DEA model. The results showed that the natural disaster losses decreased significantly in most provinces from 2010 to 2020. The distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven (more in the southeast and less in the northwest). Moreover, the Central and Western Economic Zones are the most earthquake-prone regions in China, especially Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu. Among all natural disasters, floods were the leading natural disasters, causing the most severe losses in China on the national scale. Furthermore, the cities with higher comprehensive efficiency, mean the ratio between the effects and funding on disaster mitigation and reduction, were either economically developed or geographically large and sparsely populated. Finally, we used an exponential regression equation model to explore the relationship between financial input and direct economic losses caused by natural disasters in 2019 and 2020; we found that there is a negative correlation between the financial investment and the direct economic losses. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the technology of natural disaster mitigation and reduction and to adjust the scale of investment according to the actual situation of each region and the different disasters in China. This paper aims to provide relevant experience and basis for China’s comprehensive disaster mitigation and reduction work.

Environmental Regulation, Political Connections, and Corporate Green Investment

Based on the implementation of China’s new Environmental Protection Law (the new EPL), using the difference-in-differences (DID) method and the PSM method, this paper examines the impact of changes in local environmental governance motivation on corporate environmental protection investments before and after the implementation of the new EPL. The results show that, before introducing the new EPL, the scale of green investment of politically connected enterprises was significantly lower than that of other enterprises; after the introduction of the new EPL, the increase in environmental protection investment by politically connected enterprises was significantly higher than that of other enterprises. This promotion effect is more potent for formally politically connected enterprises. Given this, we suggest that governments need to achieve fair law enforcement of environmental protection and avoid the distortion of ecological protection investment by political connections during economic transitions.

Decomposition and scenario analysis of final demand embedded manufacturing consumption emissions: insights from the province-level data.

In order to support the emissions reduction options in manufacturing industry effectively, it is necessary to quantify the final demand embedded manufacturing consumption (DEMC) emissions which can be estimated by converting intermediate manufacturing consumption into all final demand categories. Here, we quantify the DEMC emissions in China's 30 provinces during 2007-2017 using a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model and the modified hypothetical extraction method (HEM). Then, we analyze impacts of four factors (including emissions multipliers, consumption structure, investment efficiency, and investment scale) on the DEMC emissions. Finally, considering a large driving effect of investment scale on manufacturing emissions, we conduct four scenarios to quantify the mitigation potential of DEMC emissions during 2020-2035. We find that from 2007 to 2012, the DMEC emissions increased doubled, while during 2012-2017, it decreased from 1217 to 634 Mt. The capital-intensive manufacturing and the labor-intensive manufacturing industries were main sources of intra- and inter-sectoral emissions, respectively. Investment scale was the main driver of the growth in DEMC emissions during 2007-2015, while it led to a reduction of DEMC emissions during 2015-2017. Emission multipliers had the largest positive impact on the reduction of DEMC emissions during the whole period. Consumption structure increased DEMC emissions during 2007-2012, while with the consumption structure shift towards knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry, it induced a reduction of DEMC emissions during 2012-2017. Moreover, implementing an integrated mitigation measures (including reducing emissions multipliers, decreasing investment efficiency, and adjusting consumption structure) could help China to realize the emissions peaking target. However, there are still 8 provinces whose DEMC emissions are unlikely to peak before 2030.

A global super-grid: sociotechnical drivers and barriers

BackgroundOne way to design an electricity system wholly based on renewables is referred to as the global Super-grid, a vision of a transmission network of unprecedented geographical scope that uses advanced technology to balance spatially and temporally varying supply and demand across the globe. While proponents, since the 1960s, have argued that a global Super-grid is technologically possible and socially desirable, and significant technical progress has been made since the 1990s, development is slow with new transmission lines being built predominantly with established technology and within the boundaries of single countries. The aim of this study is to explore sociotechnical drivers and barriers of global Super-grid development.ResultsA main driver is the century old ideas that larger grids are more efficient and contribute to cooperation and peace. Over the last decades, the level of technical knowledge and networks of proponent have grown. The Super-grid also benefits from the potential opportunity of building on existing grids. Barriers stem from the scale of investments needed to experiment, path dependences in established industry and competition from novel smaller scale solutions based on local production, energy storage and smart grid technology. Other barriers originate in the organisational and institutional complexities of international electricity trade, and in the lack of trust at local and global levels, which hinder the development of necessary coordination.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests that if the Super-grid is to become part of a future electricity system, the discourse needs to open up, move beyond simplistic ideas of efficiency and ‘technocratic internationalism’, and take into account a broader set of social benefits, risks and trade-offs.

Comprehensive benefit evaluation of transmission and substation project for renewable energy connection: A case in China

With the increasing demand for renewable energy connection, the scale of investment in transmission and substation projects (TSPs) is also gradually expanding. In order to reduce overinvestment and inefficiency in response to the “precise investment” of the State Grid, it is necessary to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of TSPs for renewable energy connection. Therefore, a comprehensive benefit evaluation model of TSPs for renewable energy connection is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a multi-dimensional comprehensive benefit evaluation index system from the dimensions of economy, society, environment and operation is established. Then, triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number is used to collect decision makers’ evaluation information. Best–worst method and entropy weight method are combined to calculate the combined weight of evaluation indexes. MABAC method is used to rank the comprehensive benefits of TSPs. Then, five TSPs in Gansu province are used for empirical analysis. After analyzing through the model, the weights of economic benefits, social benefits, environmental benefits, and operation benefits are 20.78%, 23.03%, 27.42% and 28.77% respectively. In addition, the score of P1 is 0.44, which is the TPS with the optimal comprehensive benefit. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis prove the stability and rationality of the proposed model.

Tax preference, financing constraints and enterprise investment efficiency-Experience, of China's enterprises investment.

This paper takes the 2014 pilot project of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets as a quasi-natural experiment, and builds a Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences (PSM-DID) model based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2000 to 2019 to test the impact of tax preference on enterprise investment efficiency and its mechanism. The results show that the policy inhibits supported enterprises investment efficiency significantly. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy causes greater investment efficiency losses for small and medium-sized enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises and asset-heavy enterprises. The mechanism test found the reason why the policy eased financing constraints but inhibited investment efficiency in short-term. After a variety of robustness tests, the above basic conclusions are still valid. Although the accelerated depreciation policy of fixed assets is conducive to expanding the scale of investment, the incentive effect on investment efficiency is not obvious, and even shows a restraining effect. Given the existence of heterogeneity, the design of the policy should not only distinguish industries, but also pay attention to the differences between different enterprises in the same industry. Strengthening research and development (R&D) innovation and improving the matching mechanism between human capital and fixed investment will help give full play to the incentive effect of this policy. The research in this paper helps to deepen the understanding of the microeconomic effects of tax policy and identify the internal mechanism, which not only enriches the relevant literature, but also provides a reference for the government to better use tax policy to promote the high-quality development of enterprises.

Risk Evaluation of Water Environmental Treatment PPP Projects Based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy MULTIMOORA Improved FMEA Method

The water environment treatment public-private partnership (PPP) project has a long cooperation period, large investment scale, high technical requirements, and more complex risks, which are very important to identifying and preventing risks. This paper establishes a risk evaluation model for water environmental treatment PPP projects based on the intuitionistic fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of a Ratio Analysis plus the full Multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) improved Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. Firstly, the risk indicators system of the water environmental treatment PPP project was constructed through the literature frequency statistics method and semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, the intuitionistic fuzzy FMEA method was used to assess the risk factors in terms of three aspects—occurrence(O), severity(S), and non-detectability(D)—and gather expert information, and the expert assessment method and deviation maximization model method were applied to assign the risk factors. Finally, Intuitionistic fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of a Ratio Analysis plus the full Multiplicative form (IF-MULTIMOORA) was applied to determine the risk indicator ranking and was combined with the water environmental treatment PPP project in Pingyu for example verification. The results show that the top five risk levels of PPP projects in Pingyu water environmental treatment are financing risk (changing financing conditions/high costs), market changes, government intervention and credit problems, imperfect legal and regulatory systems, and inflation. The risk assessment model proposed in this paper enables: (1) the evaluation of risk indicators from three perspectives, which is more accurate and comprehensive; (2) the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy risk factor language variables to reasonably represent expert views; (3) the use of IF-MULTIMOORA for risk ranking to avoid the problem that RNP is the same and difficult to rank. This paper has important practical significance in promoting risk prevention and achieving the sustainable development of water environment treatment PPP projects.

The fundamental effects of ESG disclosure quality in boosting the growth of ESG investing

This paper investigates the link between firms’ ESG disclosure quality and the growth of ESG investment based on a cross-country/region firm-level panel dataset. We find evidence supporting moderating effects of ESG disclosure quality on increasing firms’ Tobin’s Q, ROA, and reducing downside risks. ESG disclosure quality has a larger effect on enlarging the ESG investment scale, accelerating the growth of ESG investing and promoting the ESG investment more dispersed among all firms in mandatory CSR reporting countries/regions compared with other countries/regions. Our findings also suggest the importance of good and continuing good ESG disclosure quality for firms to benefit from implementing ESG practices.

A Comparative Research on the Capitalization and Expense Accounting of Enterprise R&D Expenditures

The accounting method of R&D expenditure has a significant impact on the production and operation performance of enterprises with the increase of R&D investment. The research analyzes the different effects of R&D expenditure capitalization and expense processing methods on the financial status, capital status and subsequent R&D investment scale of enterprises, and concludes that enterprises should comprehensively balance the principles of measurement prudence and relevance when choosing R&D expenditure accounting policies. The R&D expenditure accounting management should fully reflect the economic essence of the business, support the creation of enterprise value, and meet the normative requirements of internal control. The research provides a reference for enterprises to strengthen the accounting management of R&D expenditures and improve the value level of R&D expenditures.

Research on Difficulties and Solutions of R&D Investment Management of State-owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises have implemented the requirements for innovation and development, and their R&D investment has increased significantly in recent years. This study proposes measures, such as a comprehensive R&D marginal benefit and production synergy benefit to determine a reasonable investment scale, refine the R&D activities identification criteria, strengthen inter-professional collaboration, and increase digital application, to provide reference for the improvement of R&D investment management of state-owned enterprises, and to facilitate high-quality economic and social development.

A Comparative Research on the Capitalization and Expense Accounting of Enterprise R&D Expenditures

The accounting method of R&D expenditure has a significant impact on the production and operation performance of enterprises with the increase of R&D investment. The research analyzes the different effects of R&D expenditure capitalization and expense processing methods on the financial status, capital status and subsequent R&D investment scale of enterprises, and concludes that enterprises should comprehensively balance the principles of measurement prudence and relevance when choosing R&D expenditure accounting policies. The R&D expenditure accounting management should fully reflect the economic essence of the business, support the creation of enterprise value, and meet the normative requirements of internal control. The research provides a reference for enterprises to strengthen the accounting management of R&D expenditures and improve the value level of R&D expenditures.