Coordinate Scaling Research Articles

Three-Dimensional Hullform Reconstruction from Two-Dimensional Drawings Based on Image Processing Techniques

Abstract Repair shipyards sometimes need three-dimensional geometry for repairs and retrofits. However, they often create models manually from two-dimensional drawings provided by ship owners. In this case, human error leads to inaccuracies, making the process time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, there is a need for research on efficient three-dimensional hullform reconstruction from two-dimensional drawings. This study proposed a method to automatically extract points from two-dimensional lines and visualize them in three dimensions. The proposed method consists of three steps. The first step is a point extraction through image processing, which uses a starting point search algorithm to access overlapping or intersection lines and extracts the points on the lines in the drawing by searching for paths between the starting point and the end point entered by the user. The second step is the transformation of the extracted data, which transforms the points based on pixel coordinate into 3D points through coordinate transformation and scaling by utilizing the stored line data and three-dimensional coordinate information. The last step is to visualize the transformed data as a real three-dimensional model with point visualization. This study demonstrates that the proposed method can be effectively utilized by detecting two-dimensional lines and reconstructing the hullform in three dimensions.

Skeleton-guided multi-scale dual-coordinate attention aggregation network for retinal blood vessel segmentation

Deep learning plays a pivotal role in retinal blood vessel segmentation for medical diagnosis. Despite their significant efficacy, these techniques face two major challenges. Firstly, they often neglect the severe class imbalance in fundus images, where thin vessels in the foreground are proportionally minimal. Secondly, they are susceptible to poor image quality and blurred vessel edges, resulting in discontinuities or breaks in vascular structures. In response, this paper proposes the Skeleton-guided Multi-scale Dual-coordinate Attention Aggregation (SMDAA) network for retinal vessel segmentation. SMDAA comprises three innovative modules: Dual-coordinate Attention (DCA), Unbalanced Pixel Amplifier (UPA), and Vessel Skeleton Guidance (VSG). DCA, integrating Multi-scale Coordinate Feature Aggregation (MCFA) and Scale Coordinate Attention Decoding (SCAD), meticulously analyzes vessel structures across various scales, adept at capturing intricate details, thereby significantly enhancing segmentation accuracy. To address class imbalance, we introduce UPA, dynamically allocating more attention to misclassified pixels, ensuring precise extraction of thin and small blood vessels. Moreover, to preserve vessel structure continuity, we integrate vessel anatomy and develop the VSG module to connect fragmented vessel segments. Additionally, a Feature-level Contrast (FCL) loss is introduced to capture subtle nuances within the same category, enhancing the fidelity of retinal blood vessel segmentation. Extensive experiments on three public datasets (DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1) demonstrate superior performance in comparison to current methods. The code is available at https://github.com/wangwxr/SMDAA_NET.

Landau levels for charged particles with anisotropic mass

The problem of the two-dimensional motion of a charged particle with constant mass in the presence of a uniform constant perpendicular magnetic field features in several undergraduate and graduate quantum physics textbooks. This problem is very important to studies of two-dimensional materials that manifest quantum Hall behavior, as evidenced by several major discoveries over the last few years. Many real experimental samples are more complicated due to the anisotropic mass of the electrons. In this work, we provide the exact solution to this problem by means of a clever scaling of coordinates. Calculations are done for a symmetric gauge of the magnetic field. This study allows a broad audience of students and teachers to understand the mathematical techniques that lead to the solution of this quantum problem.

Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Comprehensive Coordination Scale in patients with Parkinson's disease

ObjectiveThe Comprehensive Coordination Scale (CCS) is a valid, reliable scale for evaluating motor coordination, described as the ability to produce context-dependent movements of multiple body parts in both spatial and temporal domains in patients with chronic stroke. The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the CCS that can be used to evaluate coordination in Parkinson's disease patients and to test its validity and reliability. MethodsThirty-four patients with Parkinson’s disease (18 females, 16 males) with a mean age of 67.55± 10.93 years were included. The 9-Hole Peg Test (9 HPT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) were administered to the patients. ResultsIn the correlation analysis for convergent validity, the CCS-TR showed a moderate negative correlation with both the 9 HPT and the TUG test (r=-0.684 and −0.641, respectively). There were also moderate positive correlations observed between the CCS-TR and the FRT and BBS (r=0.607 and 0.657, respectively). The total CCS-TR had excellent intrarater reliability (ICC=0.99; 95 % CI: 0.98–0.99) and interrater reliability (ICC=0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81–0.95). The CCS-TR subscales had excellent intrarater reliability (ICC: range 0.98 from 0.99). For intrarater agreement, the ICC was 0.99, and for interrater agreement, the ICC was 0.90 (excellent agreement). ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Turkish version of the CCS is a reliable and valid coordination scale that can be used in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Effects of coordination and stiffness scale separation in disordered elastic networks.

Many fibrous materials are modeled as elastic networks featuring a substantial separation between the stiffness scales that characterize different microscopic deformation modes of the network's constituents. This scale separation has been shown to give rise to emergent complexity in these systems' linear and nonlinear mechanical response. Here we study numerically a simple model featuring said stiffness scale separation in two-dimensions and show that its mechanical response is governed by the competition between the characteristic stiffness of collective nonphononic soft modes of the stiff subsystem, and the characteristic stiffness of the soft interactions. We present and rationalize the behavior of the shear modulus of our complex networks across the unjamming transition at which the stiff subsystem alone loses its macroscopic mechanical rigidity. We further establish a relation in the soft-interaction-dominated regime between the shear modulus, the characteristic frequency of nonphononic vibrational modes, and the mesoscopic correlation length that marks the crossover from a disorder-dominated response to local mechanical perturbations in the near field, to a linear, continuumlike response in the far field. The effects of spatial dimension on the observed scaling behavior are discussed, in addition to the interplay between stiffness scales in strain-stiffened networks, which is relevant to understanding the nonlinear mechanics of non-Brownian fibrous biomatter.

A Charged Particle with Anisotropic Mass in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field–Landau Gauge

The loss of any symmetry in a system leads to quantum problems that are typically very difficult to solve. Such a situation arises for particles with anisotropic mass, like electrons in various semiconductor host materials, where it is known that they may have an anisotropic effective mass. In this work, we consider the quantum problem of a spinless charged particle with anisotropic mass in two dimensions and study the resulting energy and eigenstate spectrum in a uniform constant perpendicular magnetic field when a Landau gauge is adopted. The exact analytic solution to the problem is obtained for arbitrary values of the anisotropic mass using a mathematical technique that relies on the scaling of the original coordinates. The characteristic features of the energy spectrum and corresponding eigenstate wave functions are analyzed. The results of this study are expected to be of interest to quantum Hall effect theory.

МОНІТОРИНГ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ В РЕГІОНІ: ПОТОЧНА ТА СТРАТЕГІЧНА КОМПОНЕНТИ

One of the key factors in building regional competitiveness in modern conditions is human development. The purpose of the article is the study of modern classic methods of current and strategic monitoring and their extrapolation to the field of human development in the terms of the regional economy. In the process of research, methods of abstraction were applied when outlining the main indicators characterizing the current or strategic state of the human potential of the region; methods of strategic analysis, comparison techniques and others. The article reveals the problem of assessing human development as a factor in the formation of regional competitiveness on the basis of monitoring, which is proposed to be carried out in two directions: both current and strategic. The current monitoring is aimed at researching the state of development of the region and its human potential in a retrospective plan. This type of monitoring contributes to the identification of emerging trends and their assessment. Strategic monitoring is based on strategic analysis methods, among which the SPACE-analysis adapted to the field of human development deserves attention. To conduct strategic research, it is recommended to use the method of expert assessments, and to do this, invite highly qualified specialists in the field of regional competitiveness and human development. Based on the results of the SPACE-analysis, one of the strategies of human development is diagnosed: aggressive, competitive, conservative or defensive. Monitoring of strategic positioning allows not only to assess the strategic position of human development, but also to identify which indicators determine its position. The strategy is determined on the coordinate scale, where four vectors are highlighted. Two of them characterize the human potential of the region (the financial strength of human potential and its competitive advantages), and the other two - its external environment, which includes the stability of the regional economy and the attractiveness of the region. The practical significance of the proposed methodology is to provide regional management with objective information for making management decisions.

Стратегии восприятия стихотворения Иосифа Бродского «Стансы»

The paper offers an analysis of the famous poem by Joseph Brodsky “Stanzas (‘I don’t want to choose a country or a churchyard...’)”, which is very popular among fans of the Nobel Laureate’s work (1987), but very rarely turns out to be the subject of literary reflection, predominant interpretation of which is inclusion in general reviews. The study shows that the text of “Stanzas” generates controversy and that the practice of its perception is dual. Some researchers (e. g., A. Izmailov) refer the poem to love lyrics — on the grounds that it initially represents a text “in an album” and includes a dedication to the author’s girl-friends (E.V., A.D.). Other researchers (including the authors of this article) analyze the mechanism of the love text growing into a meditative, philosophical one and identify artistic strategies that allow moving to a different (not intimate) level of perception of Brodsky’s “Stanzas”. The authors show that the metaphysics of the space modeled by Brodsky overcomes the scale of the real geographical coordinates of the strict streets-lines of Vasilyevsky Island of Leningrad, but reveals the multidimensionality of the philosophical vector-gaze of the lyrical hero of “Stanzas”. The sphere of the lyrical character’s presence is not Vasilyevsky Island, but the mystical and mythological boundless Universe. The contrast of universality and particularity, boundlessness and concreteness, demonstrated by Brodsky, introduces tension and drama into the narrative, marks the acuteness of the internal conflict of the poetic plot, allowing to overcome the author’s public “dislike” for one of his most intimate poems.

Measuring Team Functioning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Cancer Care Team Members.

In a public health crisis such as COVID-19, cancer teams face significant challenges including acute work disruptions, rapid shifts in clinical practice, and burnout. Within this context, it is crucial to explore team functioning from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. This quantitative pilot study aimed to 1) measure perceptions of multi-stakeholders on key indicators of team functioning (Team Effectiveness, TE, and Team Relational Coordination, TRC) during COVID-19 and its transition, and 2) document whether patient perceptions of TE/TRC are significantly associated with their cancer care experiences. A descriptive design with repeated measures was used. Through convenience sampling, participants were recruited from two outpatient cancer clinics at a large university-affiliated hospital, in Montréal, Qc, Canada. Sixty-six participants (ie, 13 healthcare professionals, 40 patients, 6 informal caregivers, and 7 volunteers) completed e-measures at T1 (years 2021-2022) and n = 44 at T2 (year 2023). At T1, participants reported high perceptions of Team Effectiveness (scale 1 to 6) M = 4.47; SD = 0.7 (Mdn= 4.54; IQR: 4.06-5) and Relational Coordination (scale 1 to 5) M = 3.77; SD = 0.77 (Mdn= 3.81;IQR: 3.12-4.38) with no significant differences in perceptions across the four groups. At T2, no significant changes in TE/TRC perceptions were found. At both time points, patient perceptions of TE/TRC were significantly correlated with positive cancer care experiences (Spearman rank correlation rs ranging from 0.69 and 0.83; p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting perceptions of cancer team functioning amidst the pandemic as reported by multiple stakeholders. Significant relationships between patient perceptions of TE/TRC and their cancer care experiences underscore the importance of including patients' views in team functioning processes. Future work should rely on larger sample sizes to further explore key elements of optimal team functioning.

Patients' Experience of Specialty Care Coordination: Survey Development and Validation.

Specialty care coordination relies on information flowing bidirectionally between all three participants in the "specialty care triad" - patients, primary care providers (PCPs), and specialists. Measures of coordination should strive to account for the perspectives of each. As we previously developed two surveys to measure coordination of specialty care as experienced by PCPs and specialists, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a related survey of specialty care coordination as experienced by the patient, thereby completing the suite of surveys among the triad. We developed a draft survey based on literature review, patient interviews, adaptation of existing measures, and development of new items. Survey responses were collected via mail and online in two waves, August 2019-November 2019 and September 2020-May 2021, among patients (N=939) receiving medical specialty care and primary care in the Veterans Affairs health system. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess scale structure. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationship of the final coordination scales to patients' overall experience of specialty care coordination. A 38-item measure representing 10 factors that assess the patient's experience of coordination in specialty care among the patient, PCP, and specialist was finalized. Scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and, together, explained 59% of the variance in overall coordination. Analyses revealed an unexpected construct describing organization of care between patient and specialist that accounted for patient goals and preferences; this 10-item scale was named Patient-Centered Care Coordination. The final survey, Coordination of Specialty Care - Patient, or CSC-Patient for short, is a reliable instrument that can be used alone or with its companions (CSC-PCP, CSC-Specialist) to provide a detailed assessment of specialty care coordination and identify targets for coordination improvement.

A novel and fully automated coordinate system transformation scheme for near optimal surrogate construction

This work develops a novel coordinate system transformation scheme to improve the performance of common radial basis function surrogate models. This coordinate system transformation scheme is based on the fact that commonly used basis functions are isotropic.Three main empirical findings are established in this study. Firstly, in general isotropic functions are inadequate to describe anisotropic data manifolds due to a mismatch between the functional form and the form of the data manifold resulting in poor generative performance. Counter-intuitively, utilising additional gradients during surrogate training often worsens the generative capability.Secondly, component-wise scaling of isotropic model forms during cross-validation is inadequate to enhance the functional form of the data manifold form as anisotropic coupling in the data manifold remains coupled. Improving the match between the functional form and the data manifold form requires both rotation and scaling.Thirdly, the coordinate system transformation scheme should predominantly be based on a collection of local curvature estimations and not on global curvature approximations. Gradients are critical to estimating the local curvature for identifying a near-optimal reference frame for surrogate construction, which then translates to additional benefits of gradients in gradient-enhanced surrogates.Based on the above observations, this paper proposes an isotropic transformation for the data coordinate system that performs near-optimal transformations on lower dimensional data without requiring any cross-validation. The method is compared against commonly applied component-wise cross-validation data coordinate system scaling as well as the more modern Active Subspace Method on a carefully crafted decomposable test problem, which has a known optimal coordinate system, that varies between 2 and 16 dimensions.The paper concludes after demonstrating that the developed transformation scheme, as well as the other common methods, will offer little benefit on non-decompose problems and offers some suggestions on future work to create a more general isotropic transformation.

Optimal Control of the Position of Moisture Transfer Sources in Porous Media

The paper proposes an approach for finding the optimal position of sources of known power for the quasi-linear Richards equation in a rectangular area. The Kirchhoff transformation is applied with the introduced scaling of coordinates and powers of submerged sources, which allows formulating a dimensionless problem. The task of this study is to find the position of submerged sources - such that the distribution of moisture at the final moment of time is close to the given values or the given target function.

Macroprudential and Monetary Policy Interactions and Coordination in South Africa: Evidence from Business and Financial Cycle Synchronisation

The article reports on the interactions and possibility of coordination between macroprudential and monetary policies in South Africa, based on business and financial cycles synchronisation. To this end, relying on financial and economic time series indicators spanning the period 2000M01–2018M12, a two-step Markov switching dynamic factor model was adopted for the measurement of composite indices, while both the dynamic conditional correlations and asymmetric generalised dynamic conditional correlations models were adopted for synchronisation analysis, together with the Metcalfe scale of coordination. The empirical evidence obtained is such that, under conditions of financial and real economic stress in South Africa, when there is crisis management rather than crisis prevention, macroprudential policy and monetary policy decisions are complementary. Therefore, there will be limited/no need for coordination between the two policy decisions. However, under normal times when there is crisis prevention rather than management, macroprudential policy and monetary policy decisions are noncomplementary; hence, the greatest degree of coordination is warranted, even though it might not be easy. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to the coordinate the conduct of macroprudential, and monetary policies based on the synchronicity of business and financial cycles.

Cluster‐associate viscosity model of tin chloride in comparison with the Frenkel model

AbstractDetermining the viscosity of inorganic molten compounds like tin chloride is critically important for material processing, chemical synthesis, and energy applications. However, experimental limitations have restricted the development of accurate viscosity models. This study tests a new cluster‐associate model for predicting the viscosity of molten tin chloride across a wide temperature range. The model links viscosity to the structure and dynamics of molecular clusters in the melt. The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between viscosity and cluster formation within a liquid, using tin chloride as an example. The data were calculated using a newly developed equation based on the concept of randomized particles. The temperature range studied was from the melting point to the boiling point. To verify the accuracy of the cluster‐associate model, it was compared with the Frenkel equation using logarithmic coordinates. Simulations were performed on tin chloride, which yielded results showing a linear relationship between the degree of cluster association and the activation energy of fluidity. The proportionality coefficient reflects the activation energy associated with a single cluster. The Frenkel equation in the logarithmic coordinate scale was compared with the cluster‐associate model. The functional dependence and correspondence of these models are indicated by their high coefficient mutual correlation. The proposed viscosity model underwent testing for the entire liquid state range of the substance, and calculations confirmed its validity. This enables reliable use of the suggested model for both high‐ and low‐temperature extrapolation, including the critical point region.

Adaptations for remote research work: a modified web-push strategy compared to a mail-only strategy for administering a survey of healthcare experiences

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic required that our research team change our mail-only (MO) strategy for a research survey to a strategy more manageable by staff working remotely. We used a modified web-push approach (MWP), in which patients were mailed a request to respond online and invited to call if they preferred the questionnaire by mail or phone. We also changed from a pre-completion gift to a post-completion gift card incentive. Our objective is to compare response patterns between modes for a survey that used an MO strategy pre-pandemic followed by an MWP strategy peri-pandemic for data collection.MethodsObservational study using data from a national multi-scale survey about patients’ experience of specialty care coordination administered via MO in 2019 and MWP from 2020 to 2021 to Veterans receiving primary care and specialty care within the Veterans Health Administration (VA). We compared response rates, respondent characteristics and responses about care coordination between MO and MWP, applying propensity weights to account for differences in the underlying samples.ResultsThe response rate was lower for MWP vs. MO (13.4% vs. 36.6%), OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.25–0.30, P < .001). Respondent characteristics were similar across MO and MWP. Coordination scale scores tended to be slightly higher for MWP, but the effect sizes for these differences between modes were small for 9 out of 10 scales.ConclusionsWhile the logistics of MWP survey data collection are well-suited to the remote research work environment, response rates were lower than those for the MO method. Future studies should examine addition of multi-mode contacts and/or pre-completion incentives to increase response rates for MWP.

Changes in cross-sector collaboration between nurse home visitors and community providers in the United States: A panel survey analysis.

Assess changes in cross-sector collaboration between Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) nurse home visitors and community providers in the United States. We collected primary data via internet-based surveys of all NFP nursing supervisors in the United States in 2018, 2020, and 2021. We conducted a panel survey to measure changes in cross-sector collaboration between NFP nurses and 10 provider types in healthcare and social services. We assessed relational coordination using the validated seven item Relational Coordination Scale and structural integration using four items adapted from the Interagency Collaboration Activities Scale. Responses over time were compared using one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs) and pairwise t-tests. We used the Kruskal-Wallis rank test to assess differences in collaboration by implementing agency type. All nursing supervisors from NFP implementing agencies in the United States were eligible for the study. Survey implementation was conducted using Qualtrics and administered to all eligible participants (N = 370 [2018], 383 [2020], 414 [2021]). Email reminders were sent every 7-10 days, followed by a final telephone outreach. The response rate was 71% in 2018, 83% in 2020, and 74% in 2021. Relational coordination scores were calculated as a mean of the seven items and ranged from 1 to 5 (not at all to completely); integration scores were calculated as a sum of the four items and ranged from 4 to 20, where higher scores indicated greater sharing of resources. Coordination with women's care increased from 2018 to 2020 (M = 3.39 vs. 3.57; p < 0.01); while coordination (M = 3.23 vs. 3.01; p < 0.05) and integration (M = 6.50 vs. 5.28 vs. 5.43; p < 0.01) with parenting programs decreased. Changes to cross-sector collaboration varied by provider type, likely due to the delivery of NFP and other services via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an opportunity to improve cross-sector collaboration in home visiting to better address family needs.

Propagation Characteristics of Lightning Radiation Field on Three-Layer Vertical Layered Ground Based on CPML Absorption Boundary

The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition based on coordinate scaling transformation (CPML) has a good absorption effect in finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) calculation. In this study, we derive the CPML update equations in the 2-D cylindrical coordinate system by setting an appropriate coordinate-stretching variable, which can more easily achieve CPML and obtain good results in the calculation of lightning electromagnetic field. Then, the propagation characteristics of the lightning return stroke radiation field on the three-layer vertical layered ground structure are studied. The results show the following: 1) at 10 m above the ground, the vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field are almost not affected by the vertically layered ground structure, while the horizontal electric field is slightly affected by the vertical layered ground structure and 2) at 3 m below the ground, the lightning radiation fields are all affected by the vertically layered ground structure, which the vertical electric field is the most affected, and it can also use two-layer vertical layered ground structure instead of three-layer vertical layered ground structure for FDTD calculation under certain conditions, which can simplify the calculation model. All the results are obtained at a close distance from the lighting channel.

Studying signals in particle detectors with resistive elements such as the 2D resistive strip bulk MicroMegas

Abstract As demonstrated by the ATLAS New Small Wheel community with their MicroMegas (MM) design, resistive electrodes are now used in different detector types within the Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector family to improve their robustness. The extended form of the Ramo-Shockley theorem for conductive media has been applied to a 1 MΩ/□ 2D resistive strip bulk MM to calculate the signal spreading over neighbouring channels using an 80 GeV/c muon track. For this geometry, the dynamic weighting potential was obtained numerically using a finite element solver by applying a junction condition and coordinate scaling technique to accurately represent the boundary conditions of a 10 × 10 cm2 active area. Using test beam measurements, the results of this model will be used to benchmark this microscopic modelling methodology for signal induction in resistive particle detectors.

Coordinate scaling for building naturally parametrized curve with cubic curvature

Coordinate scaling for building naturally parametrized curve with cubic curvature

State-of-the-art CNN Architectures for Assessing Fine Motor Skills: a Comparative Study

It is considered that children’s normal growth depends on their ability to use their fine motor skills. Deficits in fine motor skills in preschool children can interfere with even basic daily activities. Research also links these problems to future challenges. Therefore, early identification of preschool children’s fine motoric abilities is considered essential. However, the assessment of the development of fine motor skills is considered to be a rather complex process. Complex and time-consuming methods are used for their reliable assessment, which also requires the presence of educational experts. The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to create a simple and useful tool for assessing fine motor skills in preschool children, based on convolutional neural networks. For this purpose, a comparative study between 5 state-of-the-art CNN architectures is carried out, to investigate their accuracy in assessing fine motor skills. Drawings of Greek students from public kindergartens were used to train the investigated CNN models. The Griffiths II and the Eye Coordination Scale were used to assess the developmental age of preschool children. The findings demonstrate that, although challenging, automatic and precise detection of fine motor skills is feasible if a larger dataset is used to train deep learning models.