Scale Enterprises Research Articles

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Enterprise Industrial Internet Standardization on Digital Innovation

In the era of the digital economy, with the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry, technical complexity, and higher demand for the inter-operability of Industrial Internet platforms, standardization work faces challenges of timeliness and high quality. So, enterprises must improve the quality and efficiency of their digital innovation capabilities in the dynamic process of Industrial Internet standardization. Given this condition, based on the digital innovation theory, standardization theory, and social network theory, this paper takes 387 A-share-listed enterprises in the field of Industrial Internet industry as the research object and uses the secondhand cross-sectional data to carry out the research on the influence mechanism of enterprise Industrial Internet standardization on the digital innovation capabilities of enterprises. The results show that: enterprise Industrial Internet standardization exerts a positive influence on the digital innovation capability of enterprises; a standard alliance network in the enterprise Industrial Internet standardization plays an intermediary role in the digital innovation capability of enterprises; and the scale of enterprises has a positive moderating effect on the intermediary role of a standard alliance network between the enterprise Industrial Internet standardization and the digital innovation capability of enterprises. From the perspective of the alliance network effect, the research explores the economic consequences of standardization construction and enriches the appraisal of the standardization capability of enterprises for the purpose of providing targeted empirical evidence and practical strategies for the standard-based digital innovation of Industrial Internet enterprises.

How do industrial sectors contribute to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals? A heterogeneous energy efficiency analysis for Beijing

Improving energy efficiency is one of the effective means to achieve China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. As the capital of China, Beijing should improve energy efficiency and has a primary responsibility in achieving the goals. Considering the heterogeneity of industrial sectors, this paper proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to analyze the total factor energy efficiency and its influencing factors of 31 industrial sectors in Beijing from 2002 to 2018. We show that the low energy efficiency of Beijing's industrial sectors, mainly due to management inefficiency, is not conducive to the realization of the goals. Besides, the energy efficiency of heavy industry is higher than that of light industry. The expansion of enterprise scale has a positive impact on energy efficiency, while the property right structure, foreign trade and energy consumption structure have a negative impact on energy efficiency. Finally, we put forward some policy recommendations.

Digital Health at Enterprise Scale: Evaluation Framework for Selecting Patient-Facing Software in a Digital-First Health System.

The digital transformation of our health care system will require not only digitization of existing tools but also a redesign of our care delivery system and collaboration with digital partners. Traditional patient journeys are reactive to symptom presentation and delayed by health care system-centric scheduling, leading to poor experience and avoidable adverse outcomes. Patient journeys will be reimagined to a digital health pathway that seamlessly integrates various care experiences from telemedicine, remote monitoring, to in-person clinic visits. Through centering the care delivery around the patients, they can have more delightful experiences and enjoy the quality of standardized condition pathways and outcomes. To design and implement digital health pathways at scale, enterprise health care systems need to develop capabilities and partnerships in human-centered design, operational workflow, clinical content management, communication channels and mechanisms, reporting and analytics, standards-based integration, security and data management, and scalability. Using a human-centered design methodology, care pathways will be built upon an understanding of the unmet needs of the patients to have a more enjoyable experience of care with improved clinical outcomes. To power this digital care pathway, enterprises will choose to build or partner for clinical content management to operationalize up-to-date, best-in-class pathways. With this clinical engine, this digital solution will engage with patients through multimodal communication modalities, including written, audio, photo, or video, throughout the patient journey. Leadership teams will review reporting and analytics functions to track that the digital care pathways will be iterated to improve patient experience, clinical metrics, and operational efficiency. On the backend, standards-based integration will allow this system to be built in conjunction with the electronic medical record and other data systems to provide safe and efficient use of the digital care solution. For protecting patient information and compliance, a security and data management strategy is critical to derisking breeches and preserving privacy. Finally, a framework of technical scalability will allow digital care pathways to proliferate throughout the enterprise and support the entire patient population. This framework empowers enterprise health care systems to avoid collecting a fragmented series of one-off solutions but develop a sustainable concerted roadmap to the future of proactive intelligent patient care.

The Technological Innovation Efficiency of China’s Renewable Energy Enterprises: An Estimation Based on a Three-Stage DEA Model

The advantages of clean, ecologically friendly, and renewable energy have drawn considerable attention from all nations in the world. The growth of the renewable energy industry has frequently been elevated to the status of national policy. By evaluating the technical innovation effectiveness of China’s renewable energy sector, the energy crisis may be alleviated, and the innovation potential of renewable energy can be boosted. At present, the research content of domestic renewable energy enterprises mainly adopts DEA and Cobb–Douglas production functions. Moreover, there is limited literature on the factors impacting efficiency, and most research results center on efficiency assessment. This study employs a three-step DEA method to determine the technological innovation efficiency for China’s A-share renewable energy firms from 2016 to 2020. To investigate the factors influencing technological innovation’s effectiveness, the panel Tobit model is then developed. In light of the empirical data, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows: First, despite a slow but steady improvement, Chinese renewable energy companies still need to increase their technological innovation efficiency. Pure technical efficiency is the main factor contributing to low innovation efficiency. Second, environmental laws such as reliance on global commerce, industrial structure, and local science and technology affect the innovation effectiveness of listed renewable energy enterprises. After excluding environmental factors, the comprehensive technical efficiency of listed renewable energy companies has decreased. Finally, the innovation and technological efficiency of renewable energy firms are positively impacted by government subsidies, top operational revenue, and enterprise scale.

Did place-based industrial policy promote regional economic growth? ---- Evidence from China.

Whether the place-based industrial policy promotes regional economic growth is a hot issue in the field of regional industrial economic practice. As a major national strategy in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial coordinated development policy has been implemented more than 8 years. Verifying its effect on regional economic growth and revealing the policy action path will help to further optimize the policy implementation process through feedback. In this paper, the policy effect and its differentiation are empirically studied from 'quality' and 'quantity' respectively by establishing a growth model using the Dual Differences method. The results show that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial coordinated development policy improves total factor productivity by 2.26% in terms of 'quality', and reduces GDP growth rate by 4.65% in terms of 'quantity'. For the different region, the GDP growth rate increased by 1.28%, while total factor productivity decreased by 2.63% in Beijing, the GDP growth rate decreased by 3.17% and total factor productivity increased by 0.87% in Tianjin, and the GDP growth rate increased by 2.56% and total factor productivity increased by 1.58% in Hebei. The policy is mainly realized by fixed asset investment, capital deepening degree and enterprise scale expansion, while the effect of labor input, R&D investment and enterprise number is not significant. The policy is to give full play to the driving role of fixed asset investment such as "new infrastructure", increase investment in labor and research and development in the region, strengthen the construction of a competitive market environment, and stabilize the 'quality' and 'quantity' to further release policy dividends.

For Future Investment, Empirical Study on Enterprise Participation in Basic Research in the Process of Digital Transformation

Basic research is the driver of advanced productivity and is an important guarantee for the market competitiveness of enterprise. In order to understand the influence of basic research on the development of China’s digital economy industry, this paper, based on structural equation model by collecting data from 209 enterprises in digital economy industry, explores the relationship between enterprise participation in basic research and four factors: enterprise efficiency, perceived risk, priority, and technological innovation, together with function mechanism. The results show that, first enterprises can improve efficiency, reduce potential risk concerns, and enhance technology level by expanding business revenue, enlarging scale, and upgrading R&D institutions, thus promoting participation in basic research. At the same time, the government can provide more subsidies for enterprise R&D funds to reduce enterprise concern about the risk of basic research, and guide them to expand their investment in R&D and focus on basic research so as to expand their participation in this field. Secondly, the optimization of enterprise participation in basic research, the upgrading of R&D institutions and the number of invention patents have mutually-reinforced effect, while the expansion of enterprise scale help to reduce the constraint of return risk to a certain extent. Finally, this paper proposes some policies and suggestions to enhance enterprise participation in basic research from the perspective of promoting industrial development and social equity.

Research on the Influence of Shadow Banking Development on the Scale of Social Financing in China

Background: With the continuous improvement and innovation of China’s market-oriented economy, some traditional financial institutions have released new financial products through financial innovation, and the transaction leverage level of most financial institutions and some non-financial institutions is also rising year by year. The latest Quarterly Monitoring Report of China’s Shadow Banks issued by Moody’s, an international rating agency, shows that the assets of China’s broad shadow banks in the first quarter decreased by about 540 billion yuan to 58.7 trillion yuan, continuing the downward trend in recent years. At the same time, China’s economy rebounded rapidly, and the proportion of shadow bank assets in nominal GDP fell to 55.4% from 58.3% at the end of 2020, the lowest level in eight years. The report shows that in the first quarter of 2021, the overall economic leverage ratio measured by the proportion of the adjusted total social financing to the nominal GDP has declined, because the nominal GDP growth in the quarter was 21.2%, far exceeding the growth of 10.1% of the total social financing. Even so, China’s shadow banks are still huge. Also, some non-financial enterprises began to operate shadow banking business, the number of shadow banking enterprises coming into the financial market is growing fast, which is the background and environment of the emergence and development of enterprise shadow banking studied in this paper. In 2020, due to the impact of the epidemic, the Chinese government will actively adjust its macro policies and release liquidity, which will further drive the development of shadow credit business. In the first quarter of 2020, the overall shadow bank assets increased by 100 billion yuan, rebounding compared with 2019. Among them, financial products and asset management products accounted for the main part, with a total increase of 350 billion yuan. Objective: This paper focuses on using different kinds of products operated by shadow banking enterprises to represent the shadow banking scale of enterprises, and explores its impact on the total amount of social financing, based on which a series of policy recommendations are given. Methods: Collect the operation data of shadow banking enterprises in the ten years from 2010 to 2019, use ols regression analysis and intermediary effect test to analyze the development of enterprises’ shadow banking scale and China’s social financing scale. Results: The development of shadow banking will affect the total scale of social financing. There is a non-linear correlation between the development of shadow banking and the total scale of social financing. Conclusion: The improvement of enterprises’ shadow banking scale will promote the expansion of social financing scale as a whole, and will have a negative effect on the productive investment of various enterprises themselves.

Evaluation for the nexus of industrial water-energy-pollution: Performance indexes, scale effect, and policy implications

The interaction of water and energy consumption and pollution emissions in the industrial system, defined as the Industrial Water-Energy-Pollution nexus (abbreviated as InWEP), has a prominent role in sustainable development. One of the great challenges is evaluating the systematic characteristics of InWEP to explain the index changes of nexus performances at different scales (i.e., enterprise, industrial park, county, and city) for more effective synergetic management. This study formulated two performance indexes of NPI (Nexus pressure index) and NCI (Nexus coupling index) to explain the scale effects for the InWEP. NPI is to explain the overall pollution pressure for InWEP, and NCI is to describe the interacted relations among InWEP. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was adopted to analyze influencing factors for the InWEP indexes. The results show that an increment of industrial output would lead to a decline of NPI and a rise of NCI. The average value of NPI decreases from 0.65 at the enterprise scale to 0.51 at the city scale. The average value of NCI shows a scale-up effect as it increases from 0.54 to 0.88. Efficiency factors have the most significant impacts on InWEP at all spatial scales, while the industrial structure and distribution only have impacts on counties and cities. The results implicate that synergetic and differentiated strategies should be conducted to optimize InWEP to support clean and sustainable development.

Can e-government reduce local governments' financial deficits?——Analysis based on county-level data from China

Research has shown that the centralization of financial power in unitary states is not conducive to local governments' promotion of e-government, resulting in the expansion of local fiscal deficits. The fundamental reason for this problem lies in the contradiction between the information disclosure required for effective e-government and the information concentration characteristic of unitary countries. To identify the impact of e-government on fiscal deficits in this context, we take two e-government pilot projects in China as quasi-natural experiments and conduct difference-in-differences analysis of county-level data from 1997 to 2018. Through a common trend test, a placebo test, a lagged outcome variable design and the difference-in-differences with propensity score matching method, we validate our finding that e-government can effectively reduce the fiscal deficit of local governments. This function is mainly realized through the application of media tools and expansion of the scale of local enterprises. However, the impact of e-government on fiscal deficit differs significantly between regions with different levels of economic development. The effect is more obvious in regions with a poorer economic foundation. Our findings indicate the importance of e-government construction in unitary developing countries.

Supply chain risk management of badminton supplies company using decision tree model assisted by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

AbstractSupply chain risk management is crucial for the management of sports goods companies, which can help enterprises better complete the transparent and efficient management of the whole process from production to sales. However, there are inevitably some potential risks. Thereby, to study the supply chain risk management of badminton supplies companies in the general environment, the supply chain risk evaluation index system of badminton supplies companies is established in this study by studying the connotation of supply chain risk management and combining the steps of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method. Then, according to these evaluation indexes, the modelling process of the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm in the corporate overall supply chain risk decision tree is proposed. Moreover, the corporate overall supply chain risk decision tree is established. Moreover, the financial data of 10 A‐share listed companies of badminton and other sports goods listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2020 are selected as the sample dataset for model training and testing. The potential risks of badminton enterprises are predicted. The results show that the scale of badminton enterprises has been increasing gradually since 2018, but the return on total assets has steadily decreased with the increase of years. It shows that the badminton supplies enterprise's input and output assets are unbalanced, and the overall asset operation effect is relatively poor. However, the growth rate of total assets shows a significant upward trend from 2018 to 2020, rising from 4% to 12.69%. It indicates that the corporate investment and domestic and foreign investment expansion in recent years are high‐speed. The FCE method is employed to obtain the maximum eigenvalue of the enterprise, which is 5.4698. Then, the C.I value is 0.1205, the R.I value is 1.12, and the consistency ratio value is 0.0958 < 0.1, indicating that the judgement matrix is acceptable. It suggests that under the influence of the macro environment and economic situation, the sales situation of the badminton supplies company is subtly affected by the macro environment, and there is a great business risk.

Analysis on the Status Quo of China's Agricultural Foreign Direct Investment

The scale of China's agricultural foreign direct investment continues to grow, and the enthusiasm of agricultural enterprises for foreign direct investment continues to increase. With the rapid development of China's foreign direct investment activities, the implementation of the "the Belt and Road Initiative" and agricultural "going-out" strategy, the foreign direct investment of Chinese agricultural enterprises has ushered in a wave of development. However, at present, there are problems such as concentrated investment location, single investment method and small scale of investment enterprises in foreign direct investment of agricultural enterprises. Thus, while realizing the sharing of investment information, we should also enhance the endogenous power of enterprises, boost the joint development of enterprises, and accelerate the cultivation of international competitiveness of agricultural enterprises.

Analysis of the impact of financial subsidies on R&D investment of new energy vehicle enterprises based on threshold regression

According to the news, a huge section of the current profit of NEV enterprises is attributed to state subsidies, while the state's financial subsidies for new energy vehicles have been decreasing year by year, showing a continuous downward trend. To remove the dependence of new energy companies on financial subsidies and make them more competitive in the future, their innovation and technological progress are particularly important. This paper investigates the impact of fiscal subsidies on NEV companies’ R&D investment intensity of different scales through threshold regression and concludes that as the scale of enterprises expands, the motivating impact of fiscal subsidies on the R&D investment intensity of companies will achieve a qualitative leap at a certain point, and puts forward relevant suggestions for fiscal policy designation, refines the implementation methods and targets of fiscal subsidies, and offers some recommendations for the new energy vehicle industry's future sustainable growth. Additionally, it clarifies the objectives and implementation strategies for financial subsidies and offers some support for the future sustainable growth of the new energy vehicle sector.

Stricter energy regulations and water consumption: Firm-level evidence from China

Coordinating water and energy saving contributes to the sustainable development of China's industrial sector and alleviates the resource shortage risk. Taking the mandatory energy-saving targets outlined in the “11th Five Year Plan” as a quasi-natural experiment, in this study, the difference-in-differences strategy is employed to examine the real impact of stricter energy regulations on water consumption intensity. The results show that after strictly restricting energy input, the water consumption intensity of industrial enterprises has increased significantly. This result is reliable according to several robustness checks. The increased water consumption intensity caused by stricter energy regulations is particularly apparent in regions with high energy-saving targets, non-state-owned enterprises, large-scale enterprises, and high-energy consuming sub-sectors. The imposition of stricter energy regulations has not changed the input preference and substitution relationship between water and energy; therefore, it does not significantly impact the total water consumption of enterprises. However, the decline of energy input leads to an imbalanced factor input structure, which reduces the technical efficiency and output level. The total water input scale of enterprises has not been adjusted synchronously with the decreasing output level, resulting in an increase of consumed water per unit output.

Analysis on health status and influencing factors of 1353 mercury workers in Xinjiang

Objective: To investigate the health status of workers exposed to occupational mercury, and to provide the theoretical basis for formulating reasonable health monitoring and targeted protection measures. Methods: In November 2021, 1353 mercury-exposed workers who underwent occupational health examination in a hospital in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2021 were collected as research subjects. By analyzing their blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood routine, liver function and urine β2-microglobulin and urinary mercury in different gender, age, length of service, industry and enterprise scale, and the health status. And the influencing factors of urinary mercury were evaluated. Results: Among 1353 workers exposed to mercury, there were 1002 males (74.1%), the average age was (37.2±9.8) years old, and the length of service was 3.1 (2.0, 8.0) years. The abnormal rates of physical examination, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood routine, liver function, urinary β2-microglobulin and urinary mercury were 73.9% (1000/1353), 12.3% (166/1353), 30.2% (408/1353), 59.9% (810/1353), 32.5% (440/1353), 15.2% (205/1353) and 2.2% (30/1353), respectively. The abnormal rates of blood pressure, blood routine, liver function, urinary β2-microglobulin and urinary mercury in male workers were higher than those in female workers (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of workers' blood pressure and physical examination results increased with the increase of age and length of service, while the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram results were opposite (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of blood pressure, blood routine, urinary β2-microglobulin and physical examination results among workers of different enterprises and different industries (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the workers with age ≥30 years old, microminiature enterprises, abnormal physical examination results and urinary β2-microglobulin were the susceptible population with abnormal urinary mercury (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occupational health status of mercury workers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is not optimistic, and the health monitoring of microminiature enterprises and older workers should be improved to effectively protect the physical and mental health of workers.

Fiscal decentralization and shadow banking activities of non-financial enterprises

This paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on shadow banking of non-financial enterprises based on 2007 to 2020 data from Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies. The results show that:(1) Fiscal decentralization will improve scale of non-financial enterprises’ shadow banking. (2) Fiscal decentralization influence shadow banking activities of non-financial enterprises by government intervention and subsidy reversal mechanism. (3) Local government debt and tax effort have positive moderating effect on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and shadow banking activities of non-financial enterprises.

Study on the influence of female executives on corporate performance

With the gradual expansion of the team size of female executives, the influence of female on corporate performance has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad. This paper takes Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 as the research sample to explore the influence of female executives on corporate performance and the moderating effect of enterprise scale on this influence. The study shows that increasing the proportion of female executives has a positive effect on corporate performance, but the expansion of enterprise scale has a weakening effect on the positive effect. When the enterprise scale reaches a certain degree, the partial effect of the proportion of female executives on corporate performance turns from positive to negative. This paper provides new empirical evidence for relevant theoretical research, and has certain guiding significance for optimizing the allocation of corporate executive team, bringing female executives’ superiority into full play, so as to improve corporate performance and promote the high-quality development of enterprises.

Research on the Criteria of Successful M&amp;A

With the rapid development of economic globalization and the gradual improvement of the world market economy, M&amp;A activities among enterprises are becoming more and more frequent in order to compete for market shares. As the main path to expand the scale of enterprises, M&amp;A can effectively achieve the goals of expanding business scope, simplifying industrial structure and reducing operating costs for enterprises, which has become the first choice of many enterprises for expansion and development. Nevertheless, due to the unpredictable market environment and internal management uncertainties, the success rate of M&amp;A in the global market has been relatively low so far. Using iterature research and case study method, this paper analyzes three classic M&amp;A cases of LVMH, DIDI and Daimler Benz. From shallow to deep, elaborated the main criteria of successful corporate M&amp;A from three aspects: industrial upgrading, financial integration and human resource management, taking into account the actual situation of globalized economic market development.

Assessing the effects of the influencing factors on industrial green competitiveness fusing fuzzy C-means, rough set and fuzzy artificial neural network methods

Improving the industrial green competitiveness is of great significance to handle the issues of resource shortage and environmental degradation in the process of ecological civilization construction. The existing literatures on the influencing factors of the industrial green competitiveness mostly examine the linear relationship using econometric models but rarely investigate the nonlinear effect between them. To address this research gap, this study firstly adopts the direction distance function and the global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to evaluate the green competitiveness of 33 industrial sub-sectors in China from 2002 to 2017, and employs the fuzzy C-means algorithm to classify these sectors into three categories with high-, medium- and low-levels of green competitiveness, respectively. Furthermore, this study identifies the critical factors influencing the industrial green competitiveness using the rough set theory, and more specifically explores how these critical factors differently impact the green competitiveness of three categories of industrial sub-sectors using the fuzzy artificial neural network. The results indicate that, the green competitiveness of the overall industrial sector in China shows an upward trend during 2002 to 2017, but there exist significant disparities among industrial sub-sectors. Research and development intensity, environmental regulation and enterprise scale are three critical factors influencing industrial green competitiveness. In the sub-industries with high-, medium- and low-levels of green competitiveness, the most significant factor is enterprise scale, research and development intensity, and environmental regulation, respectively.

Balancing disturbance risk and ecosystem service provisioning in Swiss mountain forests: an increasing challenge under climate change

Climate change severely affects mountain forests and their ecosystem services, e.g., by altering disturbance regimes. Increasing timber harvest (INC) via a close-to-nature forestry may offer a mitigation strategy to reduce disturbance predisposition. However, little is known about the efficiency of this strategy at the scale of forest enterprises and potential trade-offs with biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES). We applied a decision support system which accounts for disturbance predisposition and BES indicators to evaluate the effect of different harvest intensities and climate change scenarios on windthrow and bark beetle predisposition in a mountain forest enterprise in Switzerland. Simulations were carried out from 2010 to 2100 under historic climate and climate change scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5). In terms of BES, biodiversity (structural and tree species diversity, deadwood amount) as well as timber production, recreation (visual attractiveness), carbon sequestration, and protection against gravitational hazards (rockfall, avalanche and landslides) were assessed. The INC strategy reduced disturbance predisposition to windthrow and bark beetles. However, the mitigation potential for bark beetle disturbance was relatively small (− 2.4%) compared to the opposite effect of climate change (+ 14% for RCP8.5). Besides, the INC strategy increased the share of broadleaved species and resulted in a synergy with recreation and timber production, and a trade-off with carbon sequestration and protection function. Our approach emphasized the disproportionally higher disturbance predisposition under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario, which may threaten currently unaffected mountain forests. Decision support systems accounting for climate change, disturbance predisposition, and BES can help coping with such complex planning situations.

Spatial Dependence of SO2 Emissions and Energy Consumption Structure in Northern China

China has made achievements in SO2 emissions reduction in recent years. However, the emissions of SO2 in northern China remain high, which need to be reduced. To effectively control SO2 emissions in northern China, this paper from the perspective of the coordinated treatment of air pollution discusses the impact of energy consumption, economic development, and environmental regulation on SO2 emissions in 14 provinces and regions by the Spatial Lag Model (SLM), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). The study shows that (1) there is an obvious spatial dependence between SO2 emissions and energy consumption; (2) the increase in the scale of industry enterprise can exacerbate SO2 emissions in local and adjacent regions; and (3) the consumption of electricity suppresses SO2 emissions in the local region, and increases SO2 emissions in adjacent regions, which indicated that the electricity transmission can transfer the emissions of SO2. Therefore, in the treatment of SO2, it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics of SO2 transfer in the electric power industry.