SBR Plant Research Articles

Mathematical Correlations of the Variable Parameters Specific for an SBR Experimental Laboratory Plant

The presents paper a research regarding the possibility to establish some mathematical correlation between variable parameters specific for a small SBR plant. The data were collected for 180 days and as inflow was used real domestic wastewater. Some wastewater key parameters were used, and the obtained data was corelated by using Table Curve 3D program. The obtained data reveal some direct influences of the SBR cycle times and the analyzed parameters. Keywords: SBR, wastewater, mathematical model

Experimental Application of a Laboratory SBR Plant Used for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

This paper presents a research regarding the possibility of small an SBR plant utilization in real condition of low flow wastewater. Were used domestic wastewater and the experimental period of 60 days was divided in three period. Seven chemical and physical wastewater quality parameters were evaluated during each working period of the installation and we also tried to highlight some correlations between the specific time cycle for an SBR and the reduction of wastewater quality parameters. The data obtained reveal that the low SBR plant efficiency is influenced by the input flow and their characteristics. Were obtain in some cases more that 60 % reduction for three wastewater quality parameters.

Experimental Application of a Laboratory SBR Plant Used for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

This paper presents a research regarding the possibility of small an SBR plant utilization in real condition of low flow wastewater. Were used domestic wastewater and the experimental period of 60 days was divided in three period. Seven chemical and physical wastewater quality parameters were evaluated during each working period of the installation and we also tried to highlight some correlations between the specific time cycle for an SBR and the reduction of wastewater quality parameters. The data obtained reveal that the low SBR plant efficiency is influenced by the input flow and their characteristics. Were obtain in some cases more that 60 % reduction for three wastewater quality parameters. Keywords: wastewater, SBR, quality indicators

Accidental aerobic granules – data evaluation of a full-scale SBR plant

Accidental aerobic granules – data evaluation of a full-scale SBR plant

Comparison of aerobic granulation in SBR and continuous-flow plants

Up to now, aerobic granulation of activated sludge is only realised in SBRs, where the discontinuous feed and sedimentation allow the formation of dense granules with excellent settling properties. However, aerobic granulation in continuous-flow plants (CFP) is gaining more and more interest in order to exploit the advantages of these excellent sludge properties to construct compact and efficient WWTP. Within the scope of this project, a SBR and CFP were operated in parallel to investigate the aerobic granulation of activated sludge and to compare the biomass in terms of their structure and settling behavior. CFP operation included two experimental phases with different reactor designs. The use of synthetic wastewater during phase I led to a biomass with a SVI of 42 ml g−1, whereby the SVI declined only to 85 ml g−1 in the second phase and the use of municipal sewage. After the start-up period, microscopic images of the biomass from CFP comprised small compact granules with a high flocculent fraction. Particle size distribution for phase II confirm, that 72% of the particles had a size over 200 μm. A strong correlation was observed between the appearance of NOx-N in the first reactor and the SVI. The results illustrate, that the anaerobic conditions during feeding are essential to keep stable granules.

Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate and Peat Filter Treatment in Constructed Wetland

It’s universally known that landfills leaking emissions into surroundings have negative environmental impacts and in response to the EC Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and later the Waste Directive 2008/98/EC of 19th November 2008, many landfills sites have been forced to close down and many needs remediation. The landfill operator is responsible for the final coverage and after-care control of the site for a period of at least 30 years after the closure. In this case study, Ødegård landfill in Norway (associated member of EU), has received total 600 000 tons of solid waste from automobile shredder and contaminated soil during the period 1992-2009. The leachate is pumped from the collection tank up to a SBR Byggingenjörerna reactor plant for chemical and biological treatment. The residual sludge from the SBR plant is collected in the sludge pit and then returned to the landfill and the treated leachate discharged into the river Drogga. Most of the organic compounds in the raw leachate have concentrations over the emission limit before lead into the SBR treatment and in particular high of pesticides. To investigate the ability of peat to uptake pollutants from the leachate from Ødegård, column tests with ash mixed with peat as filter media were performed. Chemical analyses show a high metal concentration and the discharge of Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn reaching high level over emission limits for the recipient. The aim of the study is to compose purification and treatment steps for leachate in a natural based constructed wetland. The steps include:
 
 Sedimentation basin, straw filter, peat filter, irrigation area of Salix (energy crops),
 Wetland pond with plants for assimilation of contaminants, sand/stone filter,
 Aeration in a water wheel and meandering water into planted wetland pond,From the waterfall the leachate is lead into a sedimentation pond (excavation started summer 2012).

Turbidity measurements as a tool of monitoring and control of the SBR effluent at the small wastewater treatment plant – preliminary study

Abstract The paper presents preliminary results of investigations on a relationship between turbidity and other quality parameters in the SBR plant effluent. The laboratory tests demonstrated a high correlation between an effluent turbidity and a total suspended solids (TSS) concentration as well as between TSS and COD. Such a relationship would help to continuously monitor and control quality of a wastewater discharge using turbidity measurement.

Operation of an aerobic granular pilot scale SBR plant to treat swine slurry

A pilot-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor was operated during 307 days in order to treat swine slurry characterized by its high variable composition: organic and nitrogen applied loading rates and C/N ratio were 1.4–6.3kgCODs/(m3d), 0.5–2.5kgN/(m3d) and 1.9–9.4gCODs/(gN), respectively. Aerobic granules successfully developed in the reactor and their physical properties remained rather stable despite the feeding composition variability. Organic and ammonia removal efficiency reached 61–73% and 56–77%, respectively, however ammonia was mainly oxidized to nitrite. The reactor had a good biomass retention capacity to select for granular biomass. However, its efficiency to retain the solids present in the feeding was low. Aerobic granulation in SBR systems appears as an interesting alternative to treat slurry in small livestock facilities where the implementation of anaerobic digestion systems is not a feasible option or the removal of nitrogenous compounds is required.

Comparison of different conditions, substrates and operation modes by dynamic simulation of a full-scale anaerobic SBR plant

Simulation studies for a full-scale anaerobic unit of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were performed using the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1). The anaerobic full-scale plant consists of one mesophilic and one thermophilic digester, operated in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (ASBR) mode, and sludge enrichment reactors (SER) for each digester. The digesters are fed with a mixture of vegetable waste and process wastewater from the food factory. Characteristics such as COD(total), N(total) and NH(4)-N concentrations in the influent and effluent of the digester and SERs were measured and used for input fractionation. Parameters such as level, pH, biogas amount and composition in the digester were measured online and used for calibration. For simulation studies, different temperatures and operation modes with varying chemical oxygen demand (COD) input loads corresponding to feedstocks such as fruits, vegetables and grain were analysed and compared. Higher gas production and digestion efficiency in the thermophilic reactor and in shorter cycles were found and confirmed at full scale. Serial operation mode increased the gas production, but pH inhibition occurred earlier. Feeding only biosolids into digester I and the effluent of digester I together with process water into digester II further improved gas production in serial operation mode.

Activated Sludge Growth under LED Illumination

The excess activated sludge production is the main problem of activated sludge method in waste water treatment plants. Several researches are being carried out to control the excess sludge production. Sludge growth process is a major factor to control the sludge production. Several observations are carried out to learn the information of sludge growth under several circumstances. One of the process was to observe the effect of light on sludge production performed by other researchers. Recently, the light emitting diode (LED) illumination is being used in different purposes including vegetable plantation. Here, we have observed sludge growth under LED illumination process with aerobic SBR plants. The white, blue and red LED illumination (each of 2 types) were used and the activated sludge growth and their waste water treatment abilities were investigated. We did not find any difference in pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the activated sludge under LED illumination. But significant differences were found in sludge growth and sedimentation properties of activated sludge. Floc construction was disturbed by red/ blue LED illumination. It degraded the SV30 characteristics of the activated sludge. We have found that the growth of activated sludge was effected due to the different frequencies of LED illumination.

Longterm experiences from four SBR plants operated with cold wastewater; comparisons and synthesis

An assessment of four different SBR plants in Scandinavia is presented with respect to treatment performance and especially nutrient removal. The plants have been in operation for 5 to 17 years, all under Nordic conditions of low water temperature during at least 4 months of the year. Thus, all the plants are operating at varying water temperatures, with typically low temperatures during the winter season, reaching 5 – 8 °C. Yet three of them perform quite satisfactorily, keeping to the consent values throughout the year. The fourth one suffers from a number of disturbances, resulting in poor annual performances. This paper gives not only performance figures from the plants, but describes the different operation modes that have to be exercised under the varying temperature and loading conditions. Special attention is given to the sludge quality, as these SBR plants all normally operate at low to very low SVI levels. Some comparisons with early findings and statements from other plants are shown with respect to operation modes and cycle lengths.

Effect of ozonation on sludge reduction in a SBR plant

This paper provides new insights on the application of the ozonation process for the reduction of activated sludge production in a Sequencing Batch Reactor. The study was performed on two identical lab-scale SBRs plant, fed with domestic sewage: a fraction (1/3 of the working volume) of the activated sludge from one reactor (Exp SBR) was periodically subjected to ozonation for 30 minutes at 0.05 g O(3)/gSS and then recirculated before the beginning of the cycle; the other reactor was used as control and therefore managed at the same sludge retention time but without the application of ozonation. The effects of the recirculation of the ozonated sludge to the Exp SBR were evaluated in terms of biological nitrogen and carbon removal efficiencies, Mixed Liquor Volatile and Suspended Solids (MLSS and MLVSS, respectively) concentrations, effluent quality and sludge settleability. Besides, characterization of the ozonated sludge was carried out for different oxidant dosages (0.05, 0.07 and 0.37 g O(3)/gSS) and durations of the ozonation process (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The results show that at 0.05 g O(3)/gSS and 30 minutes contact time MLVSS as well as MLVSS/MLSS ratio do not change appreciably. Ozone dosage must be increased much further to obtain a relevant effect.

A comparison of continuous flow and sequencing batch reactor plants concerning integrated operation of sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants

Integrated operation strategies for combined sewer and WWTP are becoming more and more popular because of numerous benefits. One can find many examples in literature, but many of these studies deal with partly fictitious systems and/or were accomplished within the planning. Hence most of these studies do not have to deal with the restrictions given by already built constructions. The authors, who worked on several integrated projects, will discuss the requirements of SBR and CFR plants concerning an implementation of integrated operation.

Knowledge-based control and case-based diagnosis based upon empirical knowledge and fuzzy logic for the SBR plant

Because biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) involve a long time-delay and various disturbances, in general, skilled operators manually control the plant based on empirical knowledge. And operators usually diagnose the plant using similar cases experienced in the past. For the effective management of the plant, system automation has to be accomplished based upon operating recipes. This paper introduces automatic control and diagnosis based upon the operator's knowledge. Fuzzy logic was employed to design this knowledge-based controller because fuzzy logic can convert the linguistic information to rules. The controller can manage the influent and external carbon in considering the loading rate. The input of the controller is not the loading rate but the dissolved oxygen (DO) lag-time, which has a strong relation to the loading rate. This approach can replace an expensive sensor, which measures the loading rate and ammonia concentration in the reactor, with a cheaper DO sensor. The proposed controller can assure optimal operation and prevent the over-feeding problem. Case-based diagnosis was achieved by the analysis of profile patterns collected from the past. A new test profile was diagnosed by comparing it with template patterns containing normal and abnormal cases. The proposed control and diagnostic system will guarantee the effective and stable operation of WWTPs.

시계열 데이터 마이닝을 이용한 하수처리 연속 회분식 반응기 장비 진단

본 연구는 연속 회분식 반응기(SBR) 공정에서 시계열 데이터 마이닝을 이용하여 공정에 사용된 기기의 고장 진단 알고리즘 개발에 대한 내용을 보여주고 있다. 공정에서 비정상적인 반응을 유발하는 장비 관리에 대한 연구는 폭넓게 수행되고 있지 않으므로, 이러한 장비 진단은 소규모 하<TEX>$\cdot$</TEX> 폐수처리장을 무인자동화로 통합관리에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 진동신호를 이용하여 무인자동화를 위해 선행되어야 하는 공정기기의 공장진단에 관한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. This paper describes how to diagnose SBR plant equipment using time-series data mining. It shows the equipment diagnostics based upon vibration signals that are acquired front each device lot process control. Data transform techniques including two data preprocessing skills and data mining methods were employed in the data analysis. The proposed method is not only suitable for SBR equipment, but is also suitable for other Industrial devices. The experimental results performed on a lab-scale SBR plant show a good equip-ment-management performance.

Application of small community sewer system for improving the quality of the water resource in Korea

An existing SBR plant in a rural area was retrofitted from a conventional fill-and-draw system to an intermittent-aeration system for additional nitrogen removal. This study indicated that organic and nitrogen removal efficiency was improved over that before the retrofitting. But effluent phosphorus concentration was increased gradually with the operating time. In the latter period of investigation, phosphorus concentration in effluent was higher than influent. It was regarded that an excessively accumulated phosphorus was released again under the anaerobic conditions of the sludge storage tank. The application of the electro-coagulation process was investigated as an alternative method in order to prevent phosphorus from re-releasing. A laboratory test for electro-coagulation indicated that T-P removal was more stable than the biological method only. In addition, it was confirmed that T-N and organic materials as well as T-P were removed simultaneously by the electrochemical reaction in the bioreactor combined with electrolysis by more than the bioreactor only.

An intelligent controller for automated operation of sequencing batch reactors

In this paper the results are presented of original research into the automatic and "intelligent" detection of breakpoints in Dissolved Oxygen (DO) profiles. The research has been based on a large body of data collected from laboratory SBRs operating on synthetic wastewater. Two different approaches were followed to identify the endpoints. The paper analyses and evaluates the results of automatic detection on the basis of geometric features in the DO profiles. This was followed by classification of the detected breakpoints using different soft computing techniques based on Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy Neural Network (FuNN) and Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network (EfuNN) software systems for breakpoint classification. A high rate of successful detection and classification was obtained with up to 96% of the decisions made correctly. In order to overcome the limitations of this system to adapt to dynamically changing process conditions, an intelligent control model was developed by a combination between an Evolving Fuzzy Neural Net (EfuNN) combined with a logic decision unit. This system has the ability to "learn on-the-fly" and adjust its response pattern in order to maintain a high rate of successful breakpoint detection under varying changing process conditions. This software system has been sucessfully embedded on a small programmable controller for integration into larger process control systems for the operation of SBR plants.

DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LARGEST SBR PLANT

DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LARGEST SBR PLANTThe paper describes design and operational considerations for the largest SBR plant in the world presently being constructed in Dublin, Eire for a population equivalent of 1.8 million. Site constraints, keeping the existing primary treatment going and life cycle costs dictated the design in an open competition. Stacked SBR's could fit on the site and allowed construction while keeping the present...Author(s)James L. BarnardSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 23 - Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process Symposium: Biological Nutrient ControlDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:14L.346;1-DOI10.2175/193864701802779594Volume / Issue2001 / 14Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)346 - 361Copyright2001Word count212

NDBEPR PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN SBRs: REDUCTION OF EXTERNAL CARBON-SOURCE AND OXYGEN SUPPLY

In SBR plants for nutrient removal it is often necessary to add supplementary rbCOD during the anoxic phase to obtain complete nitrogen removal. In addition to the aeration, this supply of high-quality BOD is a non-negligible part in the operating costs. Because of the complexity of the bighly interconnected biological processes a heuristic approach for process optimization is hardly possible. Therefore the Nitrification Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) model of Wentzel et al. and a numerical optimization a1goritbm were used to optimize SBR time scheduling, i.e. minimize both effluent concentrations and operating costs. It was found that a sequence of short aerobic/anoxic phases appears to be better than the usual sequence (one aerobic phase followed by one anoxic phase). This result was validated on a 500 I scale SBR. The optimized process saves up to 50% on extra BOD supply and up to 30% on aeration time. Moreover, it was shown that these cost savings were not at the expense of the phosphorus removal efficiency or the nitrification rate. From an additional numerical optimization it was seen that the ideal SBR time scheduling may depend on the loading. Therefore. a control strategy hased on OUR and ORP measurements is proposed.