Sb Samples Research Articles

Band alignment and carrier recombination of InAs/GaAs<sub>1−</sub><sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Sb<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> quantum dots affected by Sb content

The influences of Sb content on the band structure and carrier recombination dynamics of InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x quantum dots (QDs) have been investigated by both calculation and experimental demonstration. The calculation results using the eight-band model indicated that the band alignment of InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs was type I at low Sb content and changed from type I to type II when Sb content increased from 0.08 to 0.14. During this phase, electrons were still localized in InAs QDs while holes were transferred from InAs QDs to the GaAsSb capping layer gradually, which resulted in the reduction of the overlap of electron and hole wave functions and carrier transition rate. To experimentally prove the calculation results, InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs with various Sb contents were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement results confirmed the expected influence of Sb content on the band alignment of InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs. For InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs samples with Sb content of 0.15 and 0.2, the PL peak energy showed a blue shift with increasing excitation power, which is a signature of a type-II band alignment structure. On the other hand, the PL peak energy was independent of excitation power in the samples with Sb content of 0.05 and 0.1. Besides, the redshift with increasing Sb content became stronger and the PL intensity became weaker when Sb content was larger than 0.14. To investigate the carrier transition rate, time-resolved PL measurement was performed. The minority carrier lifetime increased from 0.41 to 14.3 ns when the band alignment of InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs changed from type I to type II, which indicated that carrier recombination was inhibited. InAs/GaAs1− x Sb x QDs with type-II band alignment are preferred for intermediate band solar cells due to longer carrier lifetime resulting from the spatial separation of electrons and holes, which is beneficial to maintain the separation between conduction band, intermediate band and valence band quasi-Fermi levels.

Insights on the Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures, and Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Sr1- xSb xHfSe3 Orthorhombic Perovskite.

Single-phase polycrystalline powders of Sr1- xSb xHfSe3 ( x = 0, 0.005, 0.01), a new member of the chalcogenide perovskites, were synthesized using a combination of high temperature solid-state reaction and mechanical alloying approaches. Structural analysis using single-crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the synthesized materials are isostructural with SrZrSe3, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (#62) with lattice parameters a = 8.901(2) Å; b = 3.943(1) Å; c = 14.480(3) Å; and Z = 4 for the x = 0 composition. Thermal conductivity data of SrHfSe3 revealed low values ranging from 0.9 to 1.3 W m-1 K-1 from 300 to 700 K, which is further lowered to 0.77 W m-1 K-1 by doping with 1 mol % Sb for Sr. Electronic property measurements indicate that the compound is quite insulating with an electrical conductivity of 2.9 S/cm at 873 K, which was improved to 6.7 S/cm by 0.5 mol % Sb doping. Thermopower data revealed that SrHfSe3 is a p-type semiconductor with thermopower values reaching a maximum of 287 μV/K at 873 K for the 1.0 mol % Sb sample. The optical band gap of Sr1- xSb xHfSe3 samples, as determined by density functional theory calculations and the diffuse reflectance method, is ∼1.00 eV and increases with Sb concentration to 1.15 eV. Careful analysis of the partial densities of states (PDOS) indicates that the band gap in SrHfSe3 is essentially determined by the Se-4p and Hf-5d orbitals with little to no contribution from Sr atoms. Typically, band edges of p- and d-character are a good indication of potentially strong absorption coefficient due to the high density of states of the localized p and d orbitals. This points to potential application of SrHfSe3 as absorbing layer in photovoltaic devices.

Self-sustained exothermal waves in amorphous and nanocrystalline films: A comparative study

A comparative experimental study of self-sustained exothermal waves in electrodeposited amorphous antimony (Sb) films, quenched glassy copper-titanium (CuTi) alloy, and magnetron deposited multilayer nickel-aluminum (Ni/Al) films was accomplished using a single approach. It is shown that self-propagating thermal waves can be initiated in all three systems, which convert the amorphous or multilayer metallic structure into nanocrystalline materials. The normalized temperature-time profiles allow us to make a conclusion on the similarity of the processes, despite the diverse driving forces in the considered systems. Periodic microstructures, probably induced by thermal oscillations of the crystallization waves, were observed in Sb and CuTi samples and discussed from the viewpoints of theoretical models.

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-Doped ZrCoSb Half-Heusler Compounds

The Ni-doped ZrCo1−xNixSb half-Heusler compounds were prepared by arc-melting and spark plasma sintering technology. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that all samples were crystallized in a half-Heusler phase. Thermoelectric properties of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds were measured from room temperature to 850 K. The electrical conductivity and the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient increased with the Ni-doping content increasing due to the Ni substitution at Co. sites. The lattice thermal conductivity of ZrCo1−xNixSb samples was depressed dramatically because of the acoustic phonon scattering and point defect scattering. The figure of merit of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds was improved due to the decreased thermal conductivity and improved power factor. The maximum ZT value of 0.24 was achieved for ZrCo0.92Ni0.08Sb sample at 850 K.

Enhancing thermoelectric performance of FeNbSb half-Heusler compound by Hf-Ti dual-doping

FeNbSb half-Heusler compound has recently been identified as a promising high temperature thermoelectric material for power generation with figure of merit zT > 1. Single doping is a general and effective way to simultaneously adjust the electrical power factor and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity in this system. Here we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of FeNb0.9-xHf0.1TixSb (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) by Hf-Ti dual-doping, which shows a maximum figure of merit zT of 1.32 at 1200K. Hf-Ti dual-doping significantly reduces lattice thermal conductivity. A reduction of 30% was obtained at room temperature for the FeNb0.84Hf0.1Ti0.06Sb sample, compared with the single Ti-doped FeNbSb sample. The reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity in the Hf-Ti dual-doped FeNbSb compounds was attributed to both mass and strain field fluctuations.

Observation of coherent optical phonons excited by femtosecond laser radiation in Sb films by ultrafast electron diffraction method

The generation of coherent optical phonons in a polycrystalline antimony film sample has been investigated using femtosecond electron diffraction method. Phonon vibrations have been induced in the Sb sample by the main harmonic of a femtosecond Ti:Sa laser (λ = 800 nm) and probed by a pulsed ultrashort photoelectron beam synchronized with the pump laser. The diffraction patterns recorded at different times relative to the pump laser pulse display oscillations of electron diffraction intensity corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations of optical phonons: totally symmetric (A1g) and twofold degenerate (Eg) phonon modes. The frequencies that correspond to combinations of these phonon modes in the Sb sample have also been experimentally observed.

One-pot chemical route for morphology-controllable fabrication of Sn-Sb micro/nano-structures: Advanced anode materials for lithium and sodium storage

Abstract A series of morphology/component-controllable Sn-Sb micro/nano-structures are fabricated by a one-pot replacement reaction technique employing metallic Sn as both template and reducing agent. Typically, nanoscaled Sn as template and ethyl alcohol as solvent give the hollow structure, while micron-sized Sn as precursor and ethylene glycol as solvent produce the dendritic product. Other mixed structures are also obtained by this one-pot route. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the hollow or dendritic Sn-Sb materials exhibit higher discharge capacities compared with the corresponding Sb samples as well as the Sn templates. Especially, for the Sn-Sb hollow spheres, a high discharge capacity of 820.7 mAh g −1 after first cycle and a reversible capacity of 751 mAh g −1 are achieved after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g −1 . Meanwhile, the hollow Sn-Sb structure delivers a specific capacity of 451.3 mA h g −1 at 500 mA g −1 after 150 cycles when used for sodium ion batteries. The superior electrochemical performance that are higher than many reported results can be attributed to the special morphology and structure, which can shorten the transportation distance of lithium/sodium ion and provide extra free space to buffer the volume expansion during the lithium/sodium insertion/extraction.

The effect of Sb-surfactant on GaInP CuPtB type ordering: assessment through dark field TEM and aberration corrected HAADF imaging.

We report on the effect of Sb on the microstructure of GaInP layers grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These layers exhibit a CuPtB single variant ordering due to the intentional misorientation of the substrate (Ge(001) substrates with 6° misorientation towards the nearest [111] axis). The use of Sb as a surfactant during the GaInP growth does not modify the type of ordering, but it is found that the order parameter (η) decreases with increasing Sb flux. Dark field microscopy reveals a variation of the angle of the antiphase boundaries (APBs) with Sb amount. The microstructure is assessed through high angle annular dark field (HAADF) experiments and image simulation revealing Z-contrast loss in APBs due to the superposition of ordered domains.

Impact of transglutaminase treatment on properties and in vitro digestibility of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are rich in nutrients and have significant amounts of proteins and complex carbohydrates, besides to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids and dietary fibres. Consumption of beans could be improved by processing them into flour. In this study the effect of microbial transglutaminase (TG) on the structure, physical (colour parameters, moisture, water holding capacity), thermal properties and in vitro digestion of undehulled (WB) and manually dehulled (SB) flour samples from white common beans (P. vulgaris L.) was evaluated. Flour samples were incubated in the absence and presence of TG (WB/TG and SB/TG). We observed that the enzyme is able to catalyse the formation of polymers, suggesting that the proteins occurring in the bean flour act as TG substrates. Microstructure of samples was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while thermal properties were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Microstructural results showed that the TG-treated samples possess a more compact structure, made of starch granules surrounded by proteins that, presumably, contain TG-catalysed polymers. Moreover, TG treatment had a major impact on colour, water holding capacity (WHC) and thermal properties. In particular, WB and SB samples presented a darker colour than WB/TG and SB/TG samples, while the latter showed reduced WHC that was only 30% and 37% of WB and SB samples, respectively. The transition enthalpy (ΔH) in the temperature range from 57 to 70°C (WB, WB/TG) and from 60 to 68°C (SB, SB/TG) followed the order: WB/TG>WB and SB/TG>WB, respectively. In vitro digestion experiments indicate that the presence of isopeptide bonds decreased the digestibility of TG-treated flour samples.

Simultaneous determination of antimony and boron in beverage and dairy products by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after separation and pre-concentration by cloud-point extraction

ABSTRACTA new cloud-point extraction (CPE) method was developed for the pre-concentration and simultaneous determination of Sb(III) and B(III) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The method was based on complexation of Sb(III) and B(III) with azomethine-H in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a signal-enhancing agent, and then extraction into the micellar phase of Triton X-114. Under optimised conditions, linear calibration was obtained for Sb(III) and B(III) in the concentration ranges of 0.5–180 and 2.5–600 μg l−1 with LODs of 0.15 and 0.75 μg l−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) (25 and 100 μg l−1 of Sb(III) and B(III), n = 6) were in a range of 2.1–3.8% and 1.9–2.3%, respectively. Recoveries of spiked samples of Sb(III) and B(III) were in the range of 98–103% and 99–102%, respectively. Measured values for Sb and B in three standard reference materials were within the 95% confidence limit of the certified values. Also, the method was used for the speciation of inorganic antimony. Sb(III), Sb(V) and total Sb were measured in the presence of excess boron before and after pre-reduction with an acidic mixture of KI-ascorbic acid. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of total Sb and B in selected beverage and dairy products.

Replacement of bovine milk with vegetable milk: Effects on the survival of probiotics and rheological and physicochemical properties of frozen fermented dessert

In this study, frozen fermented desserts containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La‐05; L) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb‐12; B), were made from bovine (W), soya (S), coconut (C) and composite (i.e. combinations of coconut or bovine milks with soya milk) milks. The changes in frozen dessert eating qualities and the survival of added microbes were evaluated. The highest viscosity and melting resistance, and the lowest total sensory scores, were found in the products made using soya milk. After 90‐day storage at −20 °C, the highest survival percentage of La‐05 was found in the products made using coconut milk (CL); and for Bb‐12, it was found in the products made using soya milk, coconut milk and a 25:75 blend of soya milk and coconut milk respectively ( samples SB, CB and SC3B) SB, SCB and CB samples.

Microstructure and thermoelectric properties in Fe-doped ZrCoSb half-Heusler compounds

Abstract This study aimed to understand the effect of Fe-doped ZrCoSb-based half-Heusler compounds on the microstructures and thermoelectric properties. ZrFexCo1−xSb (x = 0–0.6) were prepared by arc melting. XRD results indicated that α-Fe, ZrCoSb half-Heusler phase and Fe0.63ZrSb can be found in ZrFexCo1−xSb alloy. In addition, the peak of Fe0.63ZrSb increase with increasing of Fe content. SEM results show a tendency of grain refinement, where the grain size decreases with increasing of Fe content. The Seebeck coefficient changed from negative to positive by Fe doping, and the electrical conductivity increased with increasing Fe content. The thermal conductivity for ZrFexCo1−xSb is considerably reduced, because the point defects, mass fluctuations and strain field effects induced by Fe substitution for Co intensively scatter the thermal phonons. Fe doping improved the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of ZrFexCo1−xSb and the maximum ZT value of 0.036 was obtained for ZrFe0.2Co0.8Sb sample at 900 K.

Impact of dehulling on the physico-chemical properties and in vitro protein digestion of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

The objective of this study was to understand the effect of dehulling on the microstructural, physico-chemical characteristics, and in vitro protein digestion of common bean flours with particular regard to differences between adults and infants. The microstructure of flour samples from undehulled (WB) and manually dehulled (SB) beans, observed through scanning electron microscopy, showed that WB starch granules appeared to be surrounded by an integral matrix, while the SB starch granule structure was still visible although covered by protein clusters. The starch granules were oval and spherical, with heterogeneous sizes ranging from 19 to 30 μm in diameter. Particle size analysis determined with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer showed similar bimodal particle size distributions of small (1-25 μm) and large (>100 μm) granules, though the particle size of WB was obviously higher than SB. Color and other physico-chemical analyses showed that dehulling had significant (P < 0.05) influence on all investigated characteristics. The in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion experiments carried out under physiological conditions showed that the SB samples are more likely to be digested by infants. From our results, it is possible to conclude that the dehulling process improves bean flour protein digestion which could be utilized in various food applications.

Structural variability versus structural flexibility. A case study of Eu9Cd4+xSb9 and Ca9Mn4+xSb9 (x ≈ (1)/2).

The focus of this article is on the synthesis and structural characterization of the new ternary antimonides Eu(9)Cd(4+x)Sb(9) and Ca(9)Mn(4+x)Sb(9) (x ≈ (1)/2). Although these compounds have analogous chemical makeup and formulas, which may suggest isotypism, they actually belong to two different structure types. Eu(9)Cd(4.45(1))Sb(9) is isostructural with the previously reported Eu(9)Zn(4.5)Sb(9) (Pbam), and its structure has unit cell parameters a = 12.9178(11) Å, b = 23.025(2) Å, and c = 4.7767(4) Å. Ca(9)Mn(4.41(1))Sb(9) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with unit cell dimensions a = 12.490(2) Å, b = 4.6292(8) Å, and c = 44.197(8) Å and constitutes a new structure type. The two structures are compared and contrasted, and the structural relationships are discussed. Exploratory work aimed at the arsenic-based analogues of either type led to the identification of Ca(9)Zn(4.46(1))As(9), forming with the latter structure [a = 11.855(2) Å, b = 4.2747(8) Å, and c = 41.440(8) Å]. Differential thermal analysis and electrical resistivity measurements, performed on single crystals of Ca(9)Zn(4+x)As(9), indicate high thermal stability and semiconducting behavior. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on Eu(9)Cd(4+x)Sb(9) samples confirm the expected Eu(2+) ([Xe]4f(7)) ground state.

Effect of antimony doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by spray ultrasonic

Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) or (SnO2:Sb) thin films have been prepared by spray ultrasonic on heated glass substrates at 480°C for 3min as time deposition. The dependence of structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2:Sb films on the Sb concentration (0–1wt.%), is investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the presence of cassiterite structure with (211) as preferred orientation for ATO films with presence of other orientations. Focused analysis, on (211) peaks, indicated that the interplanar spacing of SnO2 (211) increases, after Sb doping until 0.8wt.% level, due to the substitution of some Sn+4 by some Sb in Sb+3 state, (Sbsub), into the SnO2 lattice, causing distortion and generated oxygen vacancies. Good agreement has been found between AFM topographical images of the SnO2:Sb samples and XRD grain size measurements. The crystallite size varies from 24.93 to 33.25nm and was affected by Sb concentration whereas the lattice parameters (a and c) are found to increase with Sb doping concentration until 0.8wt.% level and then decrease. Transparency in the visible range was around ∼80%. At Sb doping level lower than 0.8wt.%, all the envelope of transmission T(λ) curves become contracted and shift toward lower wavelength revealing the effect of plasma carrier concentration in absorbing light. The optical band gap (Eg) increases from 3.65 to 3.92eV and then decreases. Minimum resistance sheet (Rsh) and maximum carrier concentration n achieved for SnO2:Sb thin films have been found to be 31.07Ωcm2 and 11.8 10+19cm−3 at 0.8wt.% Sb doping level.

Chemical and physical properties of short rotation tree species

The European Union’s growth strategy (Europe 2020) requires reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increases in both renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. Short rotation forestry (SRF) has achieved greater awareness due to these targets. Short rotations (1–12 years), rapid growth and the ability to coppice are typical for SRF. Salix, Populus, Alnus and Betula have smaller GHG emissions of biomass production than annual agricultural plant species, since management and harvesting are not needed every year. Physicochemical properties of these species must be known when their utilisation is planned and optimised. Seven tree species were studied: three willows (Salix myrsinifolia, Salix schwerinii and Klara), one aspen (Populus tremula), one alder (Alnus glutinosa) and two birches (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens). One stem wood (S) sample and one stem wood and bark (SB) sample of each tree were investigated. Furthermore, seven surface soil samples and four incineration ash samples (two S. myrsinifolia and two S. schwerinii) were also studied. Heating values, densities, ash contents as well as carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents of all short rotation biomass samples were usually quite typical for the corresponding tree species. Additional observations included the accumulation of cadmium in willow and aspen samples, small chloride content values, and higher ash- and element contents in SB samples than in the corresponding S samples. Nutrient content of ash was usually higher in the S sample, contradictory to biomass samples, and finally the cadmium content of the ash samples was very high.

UV Photodetector of a Homojunction Based On p-Type Sb-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles and n-Type ZnO Nanowires

The highly dense n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs)/p-type ZnO:Sb nanoparticles (NPs) growth on glass substrate. An energy dispersive X-ray mapping demonstrates that Sb element is present in the nanostructures (NSs) and the doping Sb concentration is 1.52 atomic%. The XRD spectrum reveals ZnO wurtzite and Sb2O3 cubic structures. Additionally, the PL spectrum of the ZnO:Sb sample includes strong peaks at approximately 390 and 521 nm. HRTEM images indicate that p-ZnO:Sb NPs and n-ZnO NWs are polycrystalline and single crystalline structures, respectively. The I-V curve reveals that the measured currents in the ZnO NWs to ZnO:Sb NSs were increased by a factor of ~13 at 5 V. The UV-to-visible rejection ratio of the ZnO:Sb sample was ~3.19 at 5 V. The maximum quantum efficiency of the ZnO:Sb sample was approximately 46.5% when the incident light was 390 nm. Furthermore, the dynamic response of the ZnO:Sb sample UV photodetector was stable and reproducible. The measured current under UV light exceeded the dark current by around 11 μA.

Manipulation of fast light using photorefractive beam fanning

Light pulse group velocity manipulations due to the specific dispersion of a medium (so-called &#x201C;slow&#x201D; and &#x201C;fast&#x201D; light phenomena) can be obtained on the basis of several mechanisms. One of these techniques is two-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal. This work presents a modification of this method, exploiting the strong beam fanning in Sb-doped Sn2P2S6 crystals. Our experimental results demonstrate a &#x201C;fast light&#x201D; behavior of Gaussian pulses transmitted through a Sn2P2S6:Sb sample. The phenomenon is due to the beam fanning (i.e., the self-diffraction of the incident beam on self-induced noisy photorefractive gratings) that ensures a significant depletion of the input beam. Due to the relatively fast photorefractive response of the Sn2P2S6:Sb crystals this depletion occurs with times in the range of 10&#x2013;100&#xA0;ms, depending on the beam intensity, and the &#x201C;fast light&#x201D; feature is observed. The temporal and amplitude characteristics of the output beam are measured in function of the intensity and polarization azimuth of the incident beam. Besides, a negative phase shift of the periodical output beam relative to a sinusoidal intensity-modulated input beam is also obtained experimentally. It is shown that the phase and amplitude relation between the input and output periodic signals are described by a simple analytical expression that takes into account the beam fanning strength (depletion factor) and its dynamics (depletion time constant). It is also demonstrated that the pulse advance (or phase shift of the modulated signal) can be regulated by the light polarization azimuth. The advantages of the proposed method are discussed.

Ballistic characteristics improving and maintenance of protective ballistic vests

The work presents research of the materials necessary for the maintenance of protective ballistic vests. In this paper is proposed a new construction design with modern materials for ballistic inserts producing. This paper also presents the results of laboratory tests of ballistic cartridges with new materials. Based on the test results, it can be concluded, the proposed technical solution for making ballistic inserts adequately meets current standards. Introduction The introduction explains the purpose of the armor and the history of models of protective vests for us. The aim of this study is to improve the structure of existing protective ballistic vests, to propose a new mechanism construction ballistic cartridge, and to examine the validity of the proposed design based on the results of laboratory tests. Existing structural solution In the above is explained existing model of protective ballistic vests that are in use in our army. Structural solution, composition of these models and used materials for ballistic inserts are shown. It is explained reactions (resistance) of the ballistic inserts materials, when bullets pass through them. Time resource of the materials for current models of body armor is expired. According to this fact, it is started research work, with intention to extend the current time resource. Standards of ballistic protection It is shown requirements for standards of ballistic protection level III and III A. Also are explained standards requirements and under what circumstances is performed laboratory testing of protective ballistic vests. Modern ballistic materials The characteristics and description of the currently most advanced materials for ballistic inserts that meet the requirements of the protection level III A are explained. The comparison of material characteristics Dyneema producer of the first models to contemporaneously under the symbol SB 51 is performed. Based on the characteristics of the analyzed material, in the research is used material Dyneema SB 51. Proposal of a new structural solutions In papaer is proposed a new construction solution from the cartridge ballistic material Dyneema SB 51, which should satisfy the protection level III A. In addition, we prepare two new samples of material combinations SB 21 and old material and material SB 21. With such samples the ballistic protective inserts started with laboratory tests. Analysis of test results In tables we show results of testing the samples of ballistic inserts. The conclusion from the performed tests is all samples meet the requirements of the current standards. With observing other aspects of the samples, we give the proposal for maintain ballistic inserts with implementation of material Dyneema SB 51. The reason for this proposal is given in conclusion. Conclusion The aim of the research conducted was to get results that will explicitly show the best material for making ballistic inserts in the technological process of maintenance of protective ballistic vests. Conducted research in the economics analysis and the laboratory tests showed that the ballistic inserts made of a material Dyneema SB 51 to the proposed construction solutions to meet the requirements of Figure 3 standard NIJ 0101. 04 and allow: - better ballistic properties of the protection level IIIA, - the long time resource, up to 10 years, - reduce the number of layers of sheets of ballistic materials for making cartridges, - a small amount of material for making ballistic inserts for the required level of protection, - easier to cut sheets of ballistic material during cutting and making ballistic inserts, - less time developing new ballistic inserts, - less money for making balcistickih cartridges for the required level of protection.

FRI0040 Transitional zones displacement of the subchondral bone layers in a model of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in rabbits

BackgroundSubchondral bone (SB) plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Nevertheless, there is little information available about the microarchitectural characteristics of the different layers and transitional zones (TZ) comprising...