Sauropus Androgynus Research Articles

KARAKTER AGRONOMI BERBAGAI AKSESI TANAMAN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) PADA PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI DOSIS URINE SAPI

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is an indigenous leafy vegetable whose growth is affectedby nitrogen element. This study was aimed at assessing the agronomic performance of four katukaccessions grown with various rates of cattle urine. A factorial completely randomized design wasused. The first factor was katuk accession consisting of four levels, namely Pandeglang, Cianjur,Sukabumi, Leuwiliang, and Kemang. The second factor was cattle urine rates consisting of 5 levels,namely 0%R cattle urine (0.0 ml/plant), 50%R cattle urine (468.75 ml/plant), 100%R cattle urine(937.50 ml/plant), 150% R cattle urine (1406.25 ml/plant), and 100%R urea (8.2 g/plant). Thegrowth and productivity of katuk of Cianjur accession had the highest number of buds, total lengthof buds, number of leaves, number of leaflets, fresh weight, and dry weight. The utilization of 50%R,100%R, and 150%R of cattle urine was found to have higher fresh and dry weight than did theutilization of 0%R cattle urine and 100%R urea. The best quality katuk was Cianjur accessionwhich was found to have the highest vitamin C and chlorophyll contents. No significant effects ofall treatments were found in all vegetative variables except plant height and root fresh and dryweight. It was concluded that cattle urine could be used as a urea substitute.Key words: Sauropus androgynus, number of buds, dry weight, indegenous plant

Rich in Fiber Biscuits Formulation with Katuk Leaf Flour Fortification (Sauropus androgynus) and Roasting Time Variation

Biscuits are usually made with flour, the biscuit's water content is not less than 5%. Usually the biscuit formulation is made by adding additional ingredients such as fat, sugar or salt as well as developing ingredients. Then also additional ingredients such as chocolate, fruits and spices that have an influence on taste. Katuk leaves contain 7% protein and up to 19% crude fiber. This leaf also contains vitamin K, pro-vitamin A (beta-carotene), B and C. Because the fiber content in katuk leaves is still high, katuk leaves can still be used as a new food source, reprocessed into biscuits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of katuk leaf flour substitution and roasting time on the quality of biscuits. The research used factorial completely randomized design (RAL) with the addition factor of katuk leaf flour 2,3 and 4% and roasting time was 20.25 and 30 minutes. The best treatment in this study was biscuits with the addition of katuk leaf flour 4% and roasting time for 30 minutes with a water content of 11.66%, ash content of 1.18%, fiber content of 0.60%, organoleptic value of 4.38 (very likes) taste organoleptic value 4.20 (very like), and texture organoleptic value 4.35 (very like). Keywords :

Treatment of experimentally induced diabetic wound infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus extracts in rats

Background and Aim: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic ulcer. Diabetic ulcer is commonly infected by infectious agents, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of alcoholic extracts of Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, and Sauropus androgynus on promoting wound healing in a diabetic wound infected with MRSA. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old, weighing 250-300 g) were injected with 65 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. On day 7, the backs of the rats were shaved, and two circular wounds (4 mm in diameter) were created on their back, which were infected with MRSA. The rats were divided into six groups: Group I = control, Group II = treated with cream base without extract, Group III = treated with 2% A. vera cream, Group IV = treated with 2% A. graveolens cream, Group V = treated with 2% S. androgynus cream, and Group VI = treated with 2% A. vera + 2% A. graveolens + 2% S. androgynus cream. The wounds were treated twice a day for 14 days. The data were collected on days 7 and 14. Results: The results showed that all three herbal extracts and their combination decreased wound area and percentage of the wound, increased tensile strength of skin, collagen deposition, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and skin thickness, and depressed the C-reactive protein profile and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Conclusion: A. vera, A. graveolens, and S. androgynus creams can be used as herbal therapies against diabetic wounds infected with MRSA, both as a single and combination treatment.

Phytochemical evaluation, isolation and quantification of amino acid from the leaves of sauropus androgynus linn. by HPTLC method

Phytochemical evaluation, isolation and quantification of amino acid from the leaves of sauropus androgynus linn. by HPTLC method

The use of plant DNA barcoding coupled with HRM analysis to differentiate edible vegetables from poisonous plants for food safety

Poisonous Urobotrya siamensis Hiepko has caused deaths of consumers due to misidentification in several cases in past years. The poisonous plant shares the vernacular name in Thai “Phak Wan” with two vegetables, Melientha suavis Pierre and Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. The morphology of young leaves among these species is also similar. Therefore, consumer safety could be a major concern. We applied DNA barcoding coupled with high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis to differentiate the poisonous species from the edible species. Four regions of DNA barcodes, rbcL, matK, ITS2 and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, were analysed. Bar-HRM primer pairs were designed based on variable sites of the DNA sequence of the chloroplast matK gene. Distinct melting temperatures for U. siamensis, M. suavis and S. androgynus were revealed at 77.94 ± 0.06 °C, 77.47 ± 0.06 °C and 76.80 ± 0.00 °C, respectively, with confidence levels >99%. The method sensitively identified the poisonous U. siamensis species at levels as low as 0.01 ng of DNA template. Bar-HRM analysis was capable of identifying seedlings or young plants from local nurseries and proved to be an efficient method for detection of food processed by heat treatment, including 5 min of stir-frying and 15 min of boiling. This study is the first report showing that Bar-HRM analysis for safety concerns effectively differentiated poisonous plants from edible plants. Moreover, Bar-HRM analysis may be further applied to other vegetables for quality control, from crop production to food control processes.

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ETAWAH CROSSBRED PREGNANT GOAT ON SUPPLEMENTATION OF KATUK LEAVE MEAL (SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS )AND ZN BIOCOMPLEX

The experiment aimed to know the physiological response of Etawah Crossbred pregnant goat were fed katuk leave meal (Sauropus androgynus) and Zn biocomplex as supplement. Sixteen heads of Ettawa crossbred pregnant goat in early third months pregnancy were used in this experiment with 38 ± 2.3 kg of body weight. Completely random design with 4 treatments and 4 replications were applied in this experiment. Those treatment were, R0: farmer pattern fed (Leucaena + 0.5kg consentrate; R1: farmer pattern fed + 77.5g of katuk leave meal; R2: R1 + Zn biocomplex 1.03g/kg consentrate; dan R3: R1 + Zn biocomplex 2.06g/kg consentrate. Variable measured consist of the respiration rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature, using conventional method. Data were tabulated and analized by analysis of variance. Result showed that treatment have significant effect on respiration rate (P<.01) but no significant on pulse rate and rectal temperature of Ettawa crossbred pregnant goat. The average of respiration rate R0 to R3 were: 58.21;59.88; 61.80 and 63.31 breath/minute, respectively; average of pulse rate R0 to R3 were: 79.0; 79.85;81.1 dan 82.1 breath/minute; average of rectal temperature R0 to R3were: 38.3; 37.55; 38.27 and 38.36oC. It can be concluded that there was increase in repiration rate of Etawah Crossbred pregnant goat due to supplementation of katuk leave meal and Zn biocomplex.

Effect of Cow Urine and IBA on the Growth of Sweet Leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) Cuttings

Sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), a leaf vegetable that is generally propagated vegetatively with cuttings. This study aims to determine the effect of accession and administration of natural and synthetic auxin growth regulators on the growth of sweet leaf cuttings. This study uses factorial Randomized Complete Design consisting of two factors, namely accession (Banten from Pandeglang, Bogor from Tajur, and Cianjur from Cugenang) and auksin combination (IBA 100%R, urine 25%R + IBA 75%R, urine 50%R + IBA 50%R, urine 75%R + IBA 25%R, and urine 100%R). The results showed that the growth of Cianjur accession had the best results on the percentage of growth cuttings, the percentage of shoot buds, shoot height, number of shoots, number of leaves, percentage of rooted cuttings, and number of roots compared to Banten and Bogor accessions. Giving urine 100%R significantly increases plant height, shoot height, number of shoots, and number of sweet leaf plant roots compared with other auxin combinations. The combination treatment of auxin and accession showed results that were not significantly different from the variable root length and weight of the harvest. In sweet leaf plants, cow urine can replace the use of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid). Keywords: Sauropus androgynus, vegetative, urine, IBA

Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Pada Daun Katuk (Sauropus Androgynus) Segar, Direbus dan Dikukus Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Katuk leaf (Sauropus Androgynus) is a kind of green leafy vegetable which has many benefits for the community, one of which is to treat heartburn, fever, earache, and yaws. Vitamins contained in Sauropus Androgynus and are useful for the body, one of which is vitamin C. Vitamin C has properties that are easily damaged against heat, and easily dissolve in water. This study aims to look at vitamin C levels in fresh, steamed and boiled Sauropus Androgynus by the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Determination of vitamin C levels with this method is relatively inexpensive and good in accuracy. The results obtained with 30 samples with an average level of vitamin C in fresh Sauropus Androgynus 0.0036%, Sauropus Androgynus steamed 0, and Sauropus Androgynus boiled 0.0032%. It can be concluded that the vitamin C levels of boiled Sauropus Androgynus do not decrease significantly, compared to the levels of Vitamin C on freshSauropus Androgynus. the result is different from the Sauropus Androgynus that are steamed vitamin C levels become zero mg

Pengaruh Basis Carbopol Terhadap Formulasi Sediaan Gel Dari Ekstrak Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr)

Carbopol research has been studied on gel formulation from katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr). This study aims to make formulations and determine the concentration of carbopol as a base that can produce a good gel preparation. This research used 3 gel formulations, with variation of carbopol 2%, 3,5% and 4% concentration. The result of organoleptic observations in formulations I, II, and III have not changed in odor and color, but there are differences in the form in which formulation I form is thick, form ulation II is viscous, and formulation III viscous form is rather stiff. The result of homogenity observation on formulation I, II and III did not show any coarse particles on the glass object. The results of pH measurements in formulations I, II, and III did not change significantly pH that is in the formulation I 5,61; formulation II 5,42 and formulation III 5,61. The result of the measurement of the scattering power in the formulations I, II, and III did not reach the scattering power requirement because it has an average power range of 2,05 cm to 4,05 cm. The conclusions of formulation I by gel preparation from katuk leaf extract with 2% of carbopol base concentration had the best evaluation.

The usefulness of fermented katuk (Sauropus androgynus) plus bay leaves to modify fat accumulation, cholesterol and chemical composition of broiler meat

The usefulness of the addition of fermented herbs (katuk/Sauropus androgynusplus bay leaves) onfat accumulation, and chemical, amino acids and fatty acids composition ofbroiler meats was investigated.At 15 days of age, 280female broilers were divided into seven treatments, as follows:T0) the control;T1) broilers were given a ration with 2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 1;T2) broilerswere givena ration with 2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 2;T3) broilerswere givena ration with2.5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 3;T4) broilers were given a rationswith 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 1;T5) broilers were givena ration with 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 2;T6) broilers were givena ration with 5% fermented katuk plus bay leaf mixture formula 3. The results of this study showed that the administration of fermented herbs to the ration significantly reduced abdominal fat, gizzard fat, total fat deposition, meat fat, and cholesterol contents. Their inclusions changed calcium, iron, moisture, serine, threonine, arginine, valine, lysine, methionine, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids of female broiler meats. It can be concluded that administration of fermented herbs formula 2 at5% levels producedchicken meat with lowerfat and cholesterol levels, but higher protein, minerals and n-3 unsaturated fatty acidslevels.

Milk production and milk quality of sub-clinical mastitis cows feed with different supplementation of herbal in the diet

This study was aimed to evaluate effect of five Indonesian herbals on milk production and bacterial count in sub-clinical mastitis cows. A completely randomized design split plot in time with 4 replications and 4 treatments was used. The main plot was basal diet supplemented with 12.5 g/100kgBW of mixed-herbal. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with various composition, T0 (without herbal additive); T1 (70% Sauropus androgynus, 25% Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and 5% Alpinia galanga), T2 (70% Piper betle, 25% Curcuma domestica, 5% Curcuma xanthorrhiza), and T3 (35% Sauropus androgynus, 35% Piper betle, 10% Curcuma xanthorrhiza, 10% Curcuma domestica and 10% Alpinia galanga). Sub plot was treatment duration (0, 5 and 10 days). Data showed that bacterial count in T1, T2 and T3 were lower (P<0.05) than T0. Among herbal groups, cows in T3 had lowest bacterial count and reached Indonesian standard for milk quality (< 106 cfu/ml) after 5 days treatments. Cows fed with T1 and T3 produced more milk (P<0.05). Milk total solid and lactose contents in T1 were the highest (P<0.05), whereas highest milk fat in T3 (P<0.05). In conclusion, herbal feed additive could be used as an alternative for mastitis treatment to ensure milk productivity and milk safety.

Effect of Node Position and Number of Stem Cutting on The Growth and Yield of ‘katuk’ (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) has potential as a vagetable and medicinal plant. This study aimed to determine effect of node position and number of stem cuttings on the growth of katuk. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with two treatments arranged in split plots. The node position of stem cuttings as the main plot consists of top stem cutting (T, top – 8 nodes under shoot tip), middle stem cutting (M, 8 – 11 nodes under shoot tip) and bottom stem cutting (B, 16-20 nodes under shoot tip). The node number of stem cuttings as a subplot consists of 2 nodes (J1), 3 nodes (J2), 4 nodes (J3), and 5 nodes (J4). Each treatment combination was replicated three times.The results revealed that the top stem cutting resulted in the highest root, total plant dry weight and leaf area, as well stem cutting with 4 nodes produced the highest total plant dry weight and leaf area.

EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN SHAMPO EKSTRAK DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) DENGAN BERBAGAI VARIASI VISCOSITY AGENT

Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr leaf in Indonesia called katuk have strong antioxidant activity with IC50 80,01 ppm. The aims of this research is want to know physical properties of katuk leaf shampo which is formulated in various formulas. In this research katuk was formulated in shampoo with viscocity agent (HPMC, sodium CMC and Carbopol) in various concentration. The result showed that all shampoo formulas had low jasmine smell, but had different in form and colour. Shampoo viscocity increased with increased viscocity agent. The highest viscocity showed by F7 with 0,5% carbopol concentration. pH test showed that the shampoo with HPMC and sodium CMC had pH value 6. pH value of shampoo with carbopol was 5. All of pH formulas meet the requirement of SNI standard. Statistical result showed that the physical properties of foam high, viscocity and pH all formulas had significant difference.&#x0D;

Evaluation of In-vitro Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activities of Sauropus androgynus (Phyllanthaceae) Plant Extracts

The present study was carried out to evaluate the qualitative analysis of various phytochemicals and in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of Ethanolic leaf extracts of Sauropus androgynus (Phyllanthaceae). The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the identification of different phytoconstituents, the leaves indicated the presence of proteins, resins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrates, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, acidic compounds, cardiac glycosides, catechol, phenols, alkaloids, flavanoids. The different concentrations of Ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial screening against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and the results were compared with that of standard drug Gentamycin. Different concentrations of leaf extracts were tested to evaluate Anthelmintic activity using Sauropus androgynus (Indian earthworm). The extracts was found to possess vermifuge and vermicidal activity and the results were compared with standard drug Albendazole.

The Efficacy of Sauropus androgynus Leaves Extract To Improve Cognitive Function in Wistar Rats Induced Alzheimer’s

Background&#x0D; Sauropus androgynus leaves is the substance which has the potency to prevent degenerative processes. Sauropus androgynus leaves has flavonoid as the main component. Flavonoid has antioxidant and anti neuro-inflammation that can be used to prevent Alzheimer dementia. Research purpose is knowing the effect of Sauropus androgynus leaves for the cognitive function and β-amyloid expression in the hippocampus of wistar rats. &#x0D; Methods&#x0D; Reseacrh was done by in vivo method, where male wistar rats (n=24) were distributed to six groups which consisting of four rats. Group 1: Normal control, group 2: positive control, group 3: standard treatment (B12 vitamin), group 4, 5 and 6 were give Sauropus androgynus leaves extract with the dose of 75 mg/kgBB, 150 mg/kgBB and 300 mg/kgBB, respectively for 28 days. Cognitive function was evaluated by t-maze test, where hippocampal β-amyloid expression was tested by immunohistochemistry. &#x0D; Results&#x0D; Time differences (day 0-28), alternation ratio distinction (day 0-28) and β-amiloid expression were: group 1 (1,84 second; 0,23 unit; 0,518%), group 2 (56,78 second; -0,42 unit; 40,036%), group 3 (34,46 second; -0,25 unit; 33,08%), group 4 (32,83 second; -0,09 unit; 28,88%), group 5 (-3,91 second; 0,42 unit; 14,728%), group 6 (24,25 second; 0,42 unit; 9,4%). &#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Sauropus androgynus leaves extract at the dose of 150 mg/kgBB and 300 mg/kgBB can maintain cognitive function by decreasing hippocampal β-amyloid formation.

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum tropicale on Sauropus androgynus in China

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum tropicale</i> on <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> in China

The Effect of Fermented Sauropus androgynus Plus Bay Leaf Inclusion on the Hematologic and Lipid Profiles of Female Broiler Chickens

The Effect of Fermented Sauropus androgynus Plus Bay Leaf Inclusion on the Hematologic and Lipid Profiles of Female Broiler Chickens

Antiinflammatory Activity Patch Ethanol Extract Of Leaf Katuk (Sauropus Androgynus L. Merr)

The leaf katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) extract at a dose of 400 mg / kg BW had antiinflammatory activity in rat by induction of carrageenan. Patch are adhesive plasters containing medicinal substances placed on the skin to delivery active substances. Patch can offer practicality, comfort and accuracy of dosage in the application of leaf S. androgynus extract.This research was a laboratory experimental research by making patch of leaf S. androgynus extract and inflammation effect used rats as its animal test. Inflammatory healing activity was seen from the percentage reduction in inflammation in rats after patch application. Patch of leaf S. androgynus extract dose 400 mg / kg BW has percentage of inflammatory inhibition ranged between 66,67-100%. Statistical test results using one-way anova patch leaf S. androgynus extract showed good effectiveness in curing inflammation. Effectiveness between leaf S. androgynus extract patch and diclofenac sodium patch relatively the same in curing inflammation.

BLACK BANGLE (ZINGIBER OTTENSII VAL.) RHIZOME AND KATUK LEAVES (SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS L. MERR) EXTRACT COMBINATION PROTECTIVE ROLE ON ADIPOSE TISSUES HISTOLOGIC PROFILE OF HIGH-FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE DIET-INDUCED OBESE MALE RATS

Objective: The effect of Zingiber ottensii Val. rhizome and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr leaves extract combination was investigated using histologic profile of adipose tissues in obese male rats induced by high-fat and carbohydrate diets.Methods: This was a preventive study, conducted for 42 days by simultaneous administration of diets and extracts administration. The subjects were divided into 8 groups. All groups except negative control group were fed with high-fat and carbohydrate diets. Orlistat, metformin, and curcumin were used as contrast.Result: The phytochemical screening of Z. ottensii Val. rhizome extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, meanwhile S. androgynus L. Merr leaves extract presented flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results showed tissues histological differences in all test group compared with positive control. The most effective combination dose for bangle and katuk leaves extract in protecting adipose tissue was 100 mg/Kg:100 mg/Kg body weight.Conclusion: The combination of black bangle and katuk leaves extract showed a protective role, demonstrated by adipose tissues histologic profile.

PENGARUH KONSUMSI EKSTRAK DAUN SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS (L) Meer (KATU) DENGAN PENINGKATAN HORMON PROLAKTIN IBU MENYUSUI DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAYI DI KELURAHAN WONOKROMO SURABAYA

Breast milk contains more than a hundred kind of nutrient that needed for baby’s growth and development. But now theres so many mother that didn’t give breast milk because they didn’t produce enough. One of the method that can increase the poduction of breast milk is with giving the breast feeding mother katu’s leaf. This research head for analyze influence of consumption the leaf of Sauropus Androgynus (L) Merr (Katu) that related with raising prolactin hormones of the breast feeding mother and babies development in Wonokromo Surabaya district. This research is Quasi Experiment research with using the post test-only control group design. The population that being the target for this research is all of the breast feeding mother that consume katu’s leaf as many as 18 and 6 people as control. The research unit as many as 24 respondent obtained with using simple random sampling technique. Free variable is extract of katu’s leaf and dependent variabel is prolactin hormones and baby’s development. Collect the data with using check list, and examination of blood samples with pra screening of development questionnaire Result of One Way Anova test between consume katu’s leaf extract with the level of prolactin hormones obtained a significant difference (p = 0,000). The conclusion of this research is the treatment 2 and 3 have the significant result. To increase the production of breast milk and baby’s development maximally the breast feeding mother be expected to consume the katu’s leaf 2 until 3 times a day.