Saudi Arabia Research Articles

Investigating the Prevalence of Eating Disorders, Factors Contributing to Eating Disorders and Weight Control Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Residents of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Investigating the Prevalence of Eating Disorders, Factors Contributing to Eating Disorders and Weight Control Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Residents of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Empowering the Faculty of Education Students: Applying AI’s Potential for Motivating and Enhancing Learning

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate how AI impacts students’ intrinsic motivation and learning experiences in various cultural and academic settings. An analysis of the effects of AI-powered learning tools on intrinsic motivation and learning enhancement was conducted in early 2024. The study recruited 455 students (192 males and 263 females) from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Poland who were studying diverse majors in educational faculties. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the validated instrument included three dimensions with a total of 10 items: intrinsic motivation and AI, AI and enhancing learning, and overall perception of AI in education. Significant differences were found by nationality and major, with Polish students and education technology majors showing the highest motivation levels. As a result of enhancing learning experiences, autonomy, and critical thinking skills, AI tools were found to positively influence motivation. Motivation, however, was not significantly influenced by academic level. Despite ethical concerns, students held a moderately positive view of artificial intelligence in education. Further research on optimal AI implementation and ethical considerations in education is necessary based on these findings.

Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on Quality of Life and Coping Strategies of Children with Different Disabilities

Background and Objectives: Children with disabilities face unique challenges that can affect their well-being and quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the QOL and coping strategies adopted by children with disabilities and explore how socio-demographic factors influence QOL and coping strategies. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Saudi Arabia with children aged 6 to 18 years, used a stratified random sample to ensure representation from a variety of demographic groups. Short Form-12 (SF-12) was used to assess the QOL in the sample population. The Brief COPE Inventory was used to examine coping strategies among the children. One-way analysis of variance was applied to examine differences in the QOL, coping strategies scores, and demographic variables. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the role of demographic variables in predicting QOL and p value was considered statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: The results of the study clearly revealed significant differences between the mean scores of QOL for gender, age, and type of disability, duration of disability, education qualification, family status, family occupation, and housing status. Female participants showed better QOL in physical functioning than their male counterparts. Children with intellectual disability reported better QOL in general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. Participants with seven to eight years of disability reported higher scores in physical functioning, vitality, and mental health. Children whose parents were working in private agencies and living in rented houses scored higher on the general health aspects of quality of life. The findings also revealed that the duration of the disability was a significant predictor of the QOL. The mean scores of different dimensions of coping strategies clearly revealed that male participants used dysfunctional coping (p < 0.01), as compared to problem-focused and emotional-focused coping while female children relied more on emotional-focused coping. Emotion-focused coping was significantly higher in participants with visual (p < 0.01), learning (p < 0.01), and intellectual disabilities (p < 0.01). Dysfunctional coping scores were higher among children with auditory disabilities (p < 0.01) and multiple disabilities (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of demographic factors in understanding and improving the well-being of a diverse population of disabled juveniles. It offers valuable insights into the subtle factors affecting quality of life. Future interventions and policies can leverage these findings to enhance the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and to foster a more supportive and inclusive approach.

ChatGPT as a psychotherapist for anxiety disorders: An empirical study with anxiety patients.

Purpose: this study aims to investigate the role of ChatGPT as a psychotherapist for anxiety disorders, examining its effectiveness, acceptability, and potential benefits among individuals with anxiety disorders. Methods: a quasi-experimental design was adopted, involving a 4-week intervention where participants used ChatGPT as a therapeutic tool. The study included outpatients aged above 18 years from public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A total of 399 participants completed a survey questionnaire that focused on their experiences with AI-based psychotherapy (six items), perceptions of ChatGPT (four items), and its role in different therapy modalities for anxiety management (seven items). Measures were taken to ensure the validity and reliability of responses by using Cronbach's alpha reliability testing (> 0.7), including the use of a translated and verified questionnaire. Results: majority received prior therapy (89.6%), reporting severe anxiety symptoms (36.1%). ChatGPT was widely used and perceived as accurate by 91.2% of users. Concerns included privacy (67.2%) and ethics (64.9%). Statistically significant differences (p < .05) in perceptions of ChatGPT for anxiety disorders were observed. While urban residents generally rated ChatGPT more positively, females consistently reported higher levels of trustworthiness, effectiveness, and coherence in guidance compared to males. Conclusion: ChatGPT has the potential to complement traditional psychotherapeutic approaches and enhance access to quality mental health care.

The Middle East in the Geopolitics of Saudi Arabia

The Middle East in the Geopolitics of Saudi Arabia

Women Entrepreneur’s Perspective towards Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Apparel Sector of Saudi Arabia

Sustainable entrepreneurship has recently started to receive global attention, underscoring the need to understand the perspective of women entrepreneurs working in the apparel sector in Saudi Arabia. The present study focuses on exploring sustainable entrepreneurship with specific regards to the experiences of female entrepreneurs and sustainable activities within the sector. This study used a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews of 30 female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia’s apparel industry. Thematic analysis was employed to understand sustainable entrepreneurship behavior and its causes. The descriptive findings reveal a strong correlation between advanced degrees and professional membership held by the participants, implying higher qualifications and membership with professional bodies result in work with more extensive and established fashion ventures involving on average 10 employees and five business partners. It was also found that female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia employed sustainable strategies based on their beliefs and customer needs and preferences. However, they faced issues of tradition and prejudice against women. This study further identified four critical categories of sustainable entrepreneurship drivers: gender dynamics (GDs), social norms (SNs), access to resources, and sustainable entrepreneurship practices. This study offers valuable recommendations to policymakers, actors, and women entrepreneurs striving to develop sustainable practices in the industry.

Brain Dominance, Learning Styles and Reading Comprehension of Saudi EFL Learners: A Survey Study

Development of global skills to pave the way in the Sustainable Development Goals (SGs) requires institutions around the world to put quality education as one of the pillars for a sustainable economy. The present study employed a descriptive survey research design to capture the brain dominance, learning styles, and reading comprehension of Saudi EFL learners. The study involved a randomly sampled 154 students enrolled in language and reading courses at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The results of the study showed that Saudi EFL learners are left-brain dominant in that they consider themselves analytical, logical, methodological, and detail-oriented. Similarly, the distribution of respondents' learning styles, whether visual, auditory, or kinesthetic, is almost equal, indicating that the Saudi EFL learners have distinct learning preferences and processes. Finally, the results revealed that a significant number of students excel in reading, while a smaller number still struggle with it. Hence, Qassim University must implement student-centered language teaching interventions and strategies to realize the vision of the Saudi future. The diversity of Saudi EFL learners necessitates different instructional modalities and processes, and their level of reading performance demands effective interventions to address their language capabilities.

Two Anthropomorphic Stelae Connected With a Platform‐Like Structure in the Area of Ḥimā (Saudi Arabia): New Data From Southwestern Arabia

ABSTRACTSince 2020, the Saudi‐French Archaeological and Epigraphic Mission to Najrān (MAFSN) has been conducting additional archaeological surveys and small‐scale excavations in the Ḥimā area, providing a wealth of data from different historical periods. Preliminary analysis of the structures and artefacts discovered revealed a complex landscape characterised by patterns of continuous human activity from the Palaeolithic to modern times, underlining the historical importance of this area as a transit hub along the caravan routes. The identification of various structures has made it possible to establish a basic typology and enabled a distribution study of the human presence, allowing comparisons with neighbouring regions. This paper presents the discovery of two anthropomorphic stelae associated with a platform‐like structure excavated in November 2021 on the eastern side of Jabal al‐Kawkab, al‑Gharaziyyāt area. The documentation of these stelae lays the groundwork for a re‐evaluation of the Bronze Age occupation of the area.

Toward the Sustainability of a Healthy Citizenry: A Small-Sample, Qualitative, Exploratory Study of the Experiences of Male Students with Visual Impairment in Saudi Arabian Higher Education

Citizens of a sustainably healthy population have the right to an education, and this right must be extended to citizens with disabilities. Visual impairment presents challenges to such sustainability insofar as it can negatively impact the social and educational experiences of affected students. The present study explores the challenges that students with visual impairments face at higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. The study examines the impacts of visual impairment on the social and academic domains of these students’ lives which thereby threaten the sustainability of a healthy and well-functioning society. Exploring strategies and support mechanisms, the study’s aim is to improve the Saudi educational environment in universities to better accommodate the needs of students with visual impairments. The study employs a qualitative methodology to investigate the experiences of eight male students with visual impairment enrolled in a Saudi Arabian university. The findings highlight challenges faced by these students and provide a foundation of recommendations for improving educational support and facilities so that students with visual impairment are more likely to succeed academically and to make meaningful contributions to the broader community. In consequence, such students are better positioned to contribute to the sustainability of a healthy and well-functioning Saudi society.

The Impact of Agricultural Added Value, Trade Openness and Inflation on FDI: A Time Series Analysis from Saudi Arabia

The Impact of Agricultural Added Value, Trade Openness and Inflation on FDI: A Time Series Analysis from Saudi Arabia

7604 Examining Disparities in Diabetes Control and Complications: A Comparative Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rural and Urban Saudi Arabia

Abstract Disclosure: S.F. Alqifari: None. O. Alkomi: None. P. Amirthalingam: None. T. Alrasheed: None. M. Muqresh: None. H. Hamad: None. A. Khojah: None. N. Alshehri: None. B. Alhunayhani: None. B. AbuAlhasan: None. N. Alajlan: None. S. Alatawi: None. N. Alsabeelah: None. A. Wasel: None. A. Alqifari: None. Background: The escalating global prevalence of diabetes is also mirrored in Saudi Arabia. Approximately one in four individuals in the country is diagnosed with diabetes, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Ministry of Health has taken steps to address the needs of patients with diabetes by creating more than 20 specialized diabetes care centers in various regions throughout Saudi Arabia. However, disparities in access and utilization of primary healthcare facilities persist between rural and urban provinces within the country. Highlighting these disparities would bridge healthcare gaps between rural and urban areas to enhance diabetes management, ensure better access to specialized care, and improve the overall well-being of individuals living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: This study aims to examine disparities in diabetes control and complications in patients with T2DM in rural and urban Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is an observational retrospective study conducted from November 2022 until May 2023, we collected data from 13 diabetes care centers across Saudi Arabia to assess diabetes control and complications of T2DM among patients who received their care in rural and urban Saudi Arabia. Results: Among 709 patients residing in rural and urban areas, rural area patients' recent HbA1c readings were generally within the range of 7-8%. Among these patients, around 2.6% had a history of heart disease, and 6.08% had experienced cerebrovascular events. Limb numbness was reported by 44.34% of subjects, 47.82% experienced vision complications, and renal impairment was observed in 10.43% of the participants. Additionally, among male patients, 26.41% suffered from erectile dysfunction. Remarkably, 21% of the rural patients reported having been hospitalized due to diabetes complications at least once in the past 12 months. Conclusion: The study findings emphasize the importance of considering regional disparities and socio-environmental factors when managing diabetes and its complications. Additional research is needed to understand the underlying causes and develop targeted interventions for improved diabetes care in rural and urban populations in Saudi Arabia. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Barriers and Facilitators to the Applicability of Adult Daycare Centers in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study.

Adult daycare centers (ADCs) enable older adults to socialize and enjoy planned group activities while receiving healthcare services. These centers also assist caregivers by empowering them to remain in the workforce. This study aims to explore the challenges in establishing ADCs in Saudi Arabia (SA) from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, healthcare policymakers, older adults, and caregivers. Additionally, this study's objective is to identify the barriers, facilitators, and applicability of ADCs in SA. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured individual interviews. Inductive and deductive thematic analyses were employed to identify common themes regarding the barriers and facilitators to the applicability of ADCs in SA. Five researchers independently examined the transcripts using inductive analysis. Deductive analysis mapped the themes to Campinha-Bacote's cultural competence model. Data were collected from 46 participants, including caregivers, older adults, healthcare professionals, and healthcare policymakers. The findings highlight that the main facilitators to establishing ADCs in SA are the expected positive impact on the psychological and physical well-being of older adults and their caregivers. Conversely, cost and transportation, in addition to cultural considerations are possible barriers. This study identified the perceived benefits of ADCs for older adults and caregivers from a Saudi societal perspective. Thematic analysis showed that ADC's applicability in SA is possible, with some modifications to fit within the Saudi context. Additional efforts are necessary to promote the concepts and services that ADCs provide for older adults and to encourage support for these centers by non-profit organizations and the government.

7809 Role Of Education In Enhancing Preventative Vaccine Awareness Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Saudi Arabia

Abstract Disclosure: S.F. Alqifari: None. T. Alrasheed: None. O. Al Komi: None. P. Amirthalingam: None. M.A. Muqresh: None. H.R. Hamad: None. A.A. Khojah: None. N.M. Alshehri: None. B.A. Alhunayhani: None. B.M. AbuAlhasan: None. N.A. Alajlan: None. S.M. Alatawi: None. N.M. Alsabeelah: None. A.S. Wasel: None. Role of Education in Enhancing Preventative Vaccine Awareness among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major chronic disease that requires lifelong management. It requires multidisciplinary efforts from physicians, pharmacists, dieticians, and diabetic educators. Awareness of the importance of follow-up, management, and preventive vaccination decreases the burden of possible complications. The impact of the level of education of patients with diabetes and awareness of preventive vaccination in Saudi Arabia is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to understand the association of the level of education with preventative vaccine awareness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is an observational retrospective study where the data was collected from 13 diabetes center records in Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to May 2023, the records include education level and vaccination reports among 709 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Participants in this study were between the ages of 46 to 65. Participants aged 18 to 25 and 36 to 45 accounted for 24.3% and 16.2% of the participants, respectively, while those aged 26 to 35 and above 65 represented 11.6% and 5.6% of the participants, respectively. In terms of gender distribution, there were slightly more female participants (55.7%) than male participants (44.3%). Most participants (55.9%) held a bachelor's degree, followed by individuals who had completed school education (31.73%). A smaller proportion had post-graduate education (7.3%) or education levels below primary school (5.1%). Regarding vaccination status, a significant proportion of participants (85.89%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine, while the percentages for other vaccines were lower, such as Influenza (34.83%), Hepatitis B (7.19%), and Pneumococcal (3.94%). A small number of participants reported receiving the Herpes Zoster (2.96%), Tdap (2.11%), or HPV (1.12%) vaccines, and surprisingly, 10.01% of participants reported never receiving any vaccines. Conclusion: The level of education among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia impacted their uptake of preventive vaccinations. Most participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, followed by influenza, while the rate of other vaccines remained low. These findings highlight the need to increase awareness and education among type 2 diabetes patients regarding the importance of seeking necessary preventive vaccinations. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Social Policy Analysis of Work Retirement Systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (During the Period from 1364 to 1445)

The study aimed to analyze the social policy of work retirement systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (during the period from 1364 to 1445 AH), by identifying the issues of interest of the social policy of work retirement systems, the goals, values, procedures, targets, and returns of implementing the social policy of work retirement systems, with Monitoring the applied aspects of the social policy of work retirement systems, the results of their implementation and their impact on society, and determining the expected interactions between the social policy of work retirement systems and the surrounding forces influencing the making and implementation of that policy during the stages of its analysis, in addition to arriving at alternative social policy proposals for work retirement systems including It suits the needs of retirees from work in Saudi society. The results of the study indicated acceptance of the first hypothesis of the study, which means that there are fundamental, statistically significant differences between the issues of concern of social policy for work retirement systems during the stages of analysis, and partial acceptance of the second hypothesis of the study, which means that there are fundamental, statistically significant differences between the goals and values related to the social policy of work retirement systems during the stages of analysis. Analyze it, and partially accept the third hypothesis of the study, which means that there are significant, statistically significant differences between the applied aspects of social policy for work retirement systems, the results of their implementation, and their impact on society during the stages of analysis, in addition to accepting the fourth hypothesis of the study, which means that there are significant, statistically significant differences between the expected interactions between the policy. Social work retirement systems and the forces influencing their development and implementation in Saudi society during the stages of their analysis.

Molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting Trichoderma from Saudi Arabia.

Fungi in the genus Trichoderma are widespread in the environment, mainly in soils. They are used in agriculture because of their mycoparasitic potential; Trichoderma have the ability to increase plant health and provide protection against phytopathogens, making them desirable plant symbionts. We isolated, identified, and characterized Trichoderma from different regions of Saudi Arabia and evaluated the ability of Trichoderma to promote plant growth. Morphological and molecular characterization, along with phylogenetic studies, were utilized to differentiate between Trichoderma species isolated from soil samples in the Abha and Riyadh regions, Saudi Arabia. Then, plant growth-promoting traits of the isolated Trichoderma species were assessed. Eight Trichoderma isolates were characterized via morphological and molecular analysis; six (Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma lixii, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma brevicompactum, and Trichoderma velutinum) were from Abha and two (T. lixii and T. harzianum) were from Riyadh. The isolated Trichoderma strains belonged to three different clades (Clade 1: Harzianum, Clade 2: Brevicompactum, and Clade 3: Viride). The Trichoderma isolates varied in plant growth-promoting traits. Seeds treated with most isolates exhibited a high percentage of germination, except seeds treated with the T3-T. koningii isolate. 100% germination was reported for seeds treated with the T4-T. harzianum and T6-T. brevicompactum isolates, while seeds treated with the T1-T. koniniopsis and T5-T. lixii isolates showed 91.1% and 90.9% germination, respectively. Seeds treated with the T8-T. velutinum, T2-T. lixii, and T7-T. harzianum isolates had germination rates of 84.1%, 82.2%, and 72.7%, respectively. The Trichoderma isolate T5-T. lixii stimulated tomato plant growth the most, followed by T7-T. harzianum, T8-T. velutinum, T4-T. harzianum, T1-T. koniniopsis, T2-T. lixii, and T6-T. brevicompactum; the least effective was T3-T. koningii. A maximum fresh weight of 669.33mg was observed for the T5-T. lixii-treated plants. The Abha region had a higher diversity of Trichoderma species than the Riyadh region, and most isolated Trichoderma spp. promoted tomato growth.

7637 Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules Among Adolescents and Adults in Medina, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Disclosure: R. Alradadi: None. M. Sindi: None. O. Alrehaili: None. S. Alanazi: None. S. Alahmadi: None. F. Mansuri: None. A. Zain: None. Background: Thyroid Nodules are common clinical finding, with a prevalence of about 20% in young adults and around 70% in the elderly population. A significant increase in the incidence rate of Thyroid Cancer in our population has been noted, over the past 30 years. The aim of the study is to define the characteristics of Thyroid Nodules in adolescents and adults in our region compared to what published worldwide. Method: A retrospective chart review, conducted at our Health Institution. The study included adolescents and adult who had Thyroid Nodules and was seen in the outpatient endocrine clinic in the period between 2018 and 2022, using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patient medical records provided demographic, medical, and laboratory data, and the analysis employed SPSS for statistical assessment​​. Data collection conducted from October through December of 2023 Result: Out of the total sample of 552 patients, there were 84.8% females. More than half of the patients (55.9%) were between 36-55 years of age. 57.4% of patients were overweight or obese. 56.4% presented with goiter. FT3, FT4 and TSH levels were normal among 88.4%, 78% and 83.3% respectively. Anti TPO antibodies were reported in 14.2% as compared to thyroglobulin antibodies in 2.2%.Follicular neoplasm/suspected neoplasm was detected among 8.15% of the sample. Papillary thyroid carcinoma [27/41] was the most frequent finding with positive FNA. Multiple nodules were more prevalent 38.8% as compared to solitary nodules in 34.1%. The right sided nodules were mostly solid 49.2% while hypervascularity was noted in 9.1% and51.4% were of more than 1.5cm. In contrast, left lobe nodule 37% were found to be solid and 6.2% showed hypervascularity and size was more than 1.5cm in 45% of the left nodules Conclusion: The vast majority of adults and adolescents with thyroid nodule were female as expected based on what reported from previous studies. Preexisting Thyroid Diseases present in only small number of patients 15.4 %. Anti-TPO antibody was more predominant than Thyroglobulin Antibody. Follicular neoplasm/suspected neoplasm was detected among 8.15% of the sample. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most frequent finding among the positive FNA results. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Estimating The Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Adherence to Dietary Habits And Physical Activity Among Healthcare Professionals in The Middle East And North Africa Regions

The rising number of fatalities linked to food, exercise, and non-communicable illnesses has sparked interest in studying their effects. In society, Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) symbolize health and wellbeing. However, the incidence of chronic illness and healthy habits among Middle East and North Africa (MENA) HCPs remains unclear. To determine the prevalence of chronic diseases and adherence to healthy dietary habits and physical activity among HCPs in the MENA region. Algeria, Egypt, El Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Syria HCPs (physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists) participated in multicenter cross-sectional research. April to June 2022 data on diet and exercise habits was collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Demographics, risk factors, medical history, and nutrition and exercise were included in the questionnaire. HCP diet and exercise were examined using multivariable regression models. A study of 7130 HCPs (mean age 28.6 ± 7.8 years, 57.5% females) was conducted. Physicians held 56.8% of the sample population, followed by pharmacists, nurses, dentists, and nutritionists. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affected 33.1% of individuals. Alcohol, pork, soda, sugar, and smoking raised the risk of non-communicable diseases. Nutritionists were the most active HCPs. About half of dietitians (45.3%) walked 150 minutes or more per week, while 14.7% and 25.9% did 150 minutes or more of moderate and 75 minutes or more of intense exercise, respectively. HCPs in MENA had high rates of CVD and risk factors such smoking, alcohol, pork, soda, sugar, and less exercise. MENA HCPs must be aware of the significant incidence of these risk factors to enhance health behavior.

Oral and Pharyngeal Diverticula: A Rare Case of Dysphagia and Diagnostic Challenges

This report describes the case of a 62-year-old male patient in Saudi Arabia who developed a diverticular pouch in his oral cavity. Diverticula are rare conditions that appear as protrusions or pouches within the digestive tract’s inner lining. The condition can occur in different parts of the digestive system, but the colon is the most affected part. As part of the patient’s symptoms, he presented with dysphagia, weight loss, and globus sensations. Multiple diagnostic tests, including ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), did not identify the diverticula. Barium and upper gastrointestinal studies were the diagnostic tests that provided accurate diagnoses where several diverticula were discovered during the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Surgical intervention was recommended by the multidisciplinary team; however, the patient rejected this treatment option. This report highlights the necessity for instrumental swallowing diagnostic evaluation in the workup of the infrequent etiologies of dysphagia and suggests a gap in the current knowledge, prompting further studies on the etiology, incidence, and optimum management of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract diverticular disease.

Prevalence of Substance Use Among Students in Health Colleges in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Substance Use Among Students in Health Colleges in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Transfusion Practice Patterns in Cancer Patients with Anemia: A Retrospective Study from a Single Oncology Center in Najran, Saudi Arabia

Transfusion Practice Patterns in Cancer Patients with Anemia: A Retrospective Study from a Single Oncology Center in Najran, Saudi Arabia