Saturation Loading Research Articles

Energy-efficient non-aqueous biphasic solvent for carbon capture: Absorption mechanism, phase evolution process, and non-corrosiveness

High latent heat and corrosivity related to H2O inhibit the application of aqueous biphasic absorbents for CO2 capture. An energy-efficient non-aqueous biphasic solvent DETA-EG-PMDETA (D-E-P) was developed with EG-assisted CO2 absorption, interesting phase-transition behavior, and non-corrosiveness. EG could increase the absorption capacity through direct alcoholysis of carbamate and the complex reaction among EG, DETA, and CO2. When EG:PMDETA = 3.5:6.5, the CO2 saturated loading was as high as 2.02 mol/mol. Unlike common biphasic solvents, flue gas saturated-absorbent presented a denser CO2-rich phase with larger CO2 loading (6.01 mol/L) and smaller volume (26.7%), and more convenient homogeneous desorption, whereas the pure CO2-saturated absorbent exhibited an EG-diluted CO2-rich phase (4.34 mol/L, 43.5%) and heterogeneous desorption. Benefiting from low vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy, and heat capacity of EG, and greatly reduced regeneration volume, the Qlatent (0.0208 GJ/t CO2) and Qsen (0.12797 GJ/t CO2) were considerably decreased, resulting in a regeneration energy of 1.87 GJ/t CO2. It's significantly lower than 30 wt% MEA and other aqueous biphasic absorbents. In addition, because the carbamate hydrolysis and CO2 hydration could not take place in non-aqueous absorbent, the content of H+ was considerably limited, leading to a non-corrosive feature, and the corrosion rate was only 3.70 E−3 mm/a.

Wind Energy Conversion System Using Advanced Speed Control and Model-Based Loss Minimization

This paper presents a new optimization strategy for a stand-alone wind energy conversion system (WECS). The WECS is comprised of a variable-speed wind turbine (WT) with a vector-controlled self-excited induction generator (SEIG), a three-phase full-bridge converter, and a DC-bus containing the excitation capacitor, batteries, and a load. The control strategy incorporates an advanced model-based SEIG loss minimization and fuzzy-logic WT optimization. The latter utilizes a hedge-algebra speed controller to ensure fast response with practically no overshoot in the whole WT operating range, which cannot be achieved with the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Consequently, the WT optimization time step is shortened and its convergence accelerated. The proposed SEIG loss minimization is based on the corresponding mathematical model that accounts for magnetic saturation and variable stray load and iron losses. Simultaneous optimization of the WT and SEIG is enabled, which results in greater total energy output compared to the successive WT-SEIG optimization. The proposed control strategy is run in real-time using the DS1103 board (dSpace) with a 1.5 kW SEIG driven by an emulated WT. It is experimentally evaluated over a wide WT operating range and compared with several competing strategies involving successive optimization, PI speed control and/or less elaborate SEIG models.

AFM13 enhances the anti‐tumor activity of AB‐101 towards CD30+ tumors, conferring tumor growth control in vivo

Introduction: Bispecific antibodies targeting CD16A and a tumor antigen have the potential to specifically redirect the cytotoxic potential of NK cells towards cancer cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It has been demonstrated that the bispecific CD16AxCD30 innate cell engager AFM13 significantly enhances the cytotoxic activity of CD16A+ NK cells towards CD30+ tumor cells. Combination of AFM13 with adoptive NK cell transfer achieved unprecedented clinical response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (ORR 94.2% for patients treated with RP2D), while maintaining a favorable toxicity profile. AB-101 is a non-engineered, allogeneic, off-the-shelf, cryopreserved cord blood-derived NK cell product, currently being tested in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial as monotherapy and in combination with rituximab in patients with R/R B cell NHL. AB-101 is optimized for ADCC through pre-selection for the KIR-B haplotype and the natural high-affinity variant of CD16A (158V/V). In the present study, we investigated whether the combination of AFM13 with AB-101 leads to enhanced anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Cellular cytotoxic activity was assessed in 4-h calcein-release cytotoxicity assays. Cell viability, degranulation/CD107a expression and IFN-γ production were measured by flow cytometry. Tumor growth control in vivo was determined in a hematologic (Karpas-299 CD30+ T-cell lymphoma) human IL-15 NOG mouse xenograft model by whole body bioluminescence imaging. Results: We demonstrate robust, homogenous binding of AFM13 to AB-101 as assessed by flow cytometry when AB-101 cells were combined with AFM13 after thawing. Overall, the binding pattern of AFM13 was congruent to the binding pattern of high CD16A expression on AB-101, suggesting saturated loading of CD16A molecules by AFM13 on the surface of AB-101. Combination with AFM13 enhanced the cytotoxic activity of AB-101 towards CD30+ Karpas-299 tumor cells. AFM13-induced cytotoxic activity was associated with an increased functional activation status of AB-101, reflected by increased degranulation/CD107a expression and IFN-γ production in response to Karpas-299 tumor cells. Of note, viability of AB-101 cells was maintained upon exposure to AFM13 in the absence or presence of CD30+ tumor cells. Importantly, adoptive transfer of AB-101 co-administered with AFM13 conferred tumor growth control in vivo in a human IL-15 NOG mouse xenograft model. Conclusion: This study demonstrates synergistical anti-tumor activity in vivo for the combination of AFM13 and AB-101. Building on our clinical data with fresh cord blood-derived stimulated/expanded NK cells combined with AFM13 (NCT04074746), co-administration of cryopreserved AB-101 with AFM13 offers a promising highly scalable off-the-shelf immunotherapeutic treatment for patients with CD30+ malignancies. The research was funded by Affimed GmbH and Artiva Biotherapeutics Keywords: Cellular therapies, Combination Therapies, Immunotherapy Conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract. J. Pahl Employment or leadership position: Affimed GmbH Stock ownership: Affimed GmbH T. Haneke Employment or leadership position: Affimed GmbH Stock ownership: Affimed GmbH L. Guerrettaz Employment or leadership position: Artiva Biotherapeutics S. Somanchi Employment or leadership position: Artiva Biotherapeutics H. Raymon Employment or leadership position: Artiva Biotherapeutics S. Pinto Employment or leadership position: Affimed GmbH Stock ownership: Affimed GmbH P. Flynn Employment or leadership position: Artiva Biotherapeutics J. Koch Employment or leadership position: Affimed GmbH Stock ownership: Affimed GmbH

Post-cyclic Loading Relationship Effects to the Shear Stress and Cyclic Shear Strain of Peat Soil

Peats originate from plants and denote the various stages in the humification process. This condition renders the peat extremely soft and can be considered problematic soil. Thus, this study is conducted to examine and comprehend the particularities of peat engineering behaviour in respect to the relationship effects to the shear stress and cyclic shear strain of peat soil various characteristics to establish suitable correlation. This study carried out by using triaxial testing described by geotechnical test standards BS-1377: Part 8: 1990. Methods of Testing Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes: Shear Strength Tests (Effective Stress) that required for consolidated undrained and consist of five main stages: saturation, consolidation, static, dynamic, and post-cyclic loading using the GDS Enterprise Level Dynamic Triaxial Testing System (ELDYN). The parameters of shear strength were obtained in the peak deviator stress at a maximum of 20% of axial strain by using an undisturbed sample with an effective pressure imposed of 25, 50, and 100 kPa. In this study, all specimens are subjected to cyclic loading up to 100 cycles based on a one-way loading system with strain-controlled conditions. Based on the analysis conveyed, the post-cyclic shear stress decreased compared to its initial value of about 65.56 kPa (PNpt-100 kPa) in static and decreased to 14.9616 kPa in post-cyclic (PNpt-25 kPa-1 Hz). The principal stress ratio (σ'1/σ'3) shows the maximum values of this ratio that are located in the narrow zone of 1.61 to 1.12. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-08 Full Text: PDF

Recommendations of EASL clinical practice guidelines on haemochromatosis

Haemochromatosis is characterised by elevated transferrin saturation (TSAT) and progressive iron loading that mainly affects the liver. Early diagnosis and treatment by phlebotomy can prevent cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, diabetes, arthropathy and other complications. In patients homozygous for p.Cys282Tyr in HFE, provisional iron overload based on serum iron parameters (TSAT >45% and ferritin >200 μg/L in females and TSAT >50% and ferritin >300 μg/L in males and postmenopausal women) is sufficient to diagnose haemochromatosis. In patients with high TSAT and elevated ferritin but other HFE genotypes, diagnosis requires the presence of hepatic iron overload on MRI or liver biopsy. The stage of liver fibrosis and other end-organ damage should be carefully assessed at diagnosis because they determine disease management. Patients with advanced fibrosis should be included in a screening programme for hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment targets for phlebotomy are ferritin <50 μg/L during the induction phase and <100 μg/L during the maintenance phase.

Sustainable extraction of tungsten from the acid digestion product of tungsten concentrate by leaching-solvent extraction together with raffinate recycling

Acid digestion of tungsten concentrates has attracted more and more attention in recent years, sustainable extraction of tungsten from acid digestion product of tungsten concentrates to obtain (NH4)2WO4 solution with low impurity content is the key for ammonium paratungstate production. In this work, a process of extracting tungsten from acid digestion product by leaching-solvent extraction together with raffinate circulation was introduced. The acid digestion product was firstly leached by Na2CO3, and the leaching efficiency was 99.47% with circulation of Na2CO3 solution converted from the raffinate of solvent extraction. The tungsten in pure Na2WO4 solution with 121.26 g/L WO3 could be almost completely extracted by solvents containing 15% N235 or 15% Alamine 308 in one stage. The extraction mechanism of N235 and Alamine 308 was the same, while Alamine 308 showed better performance and higher saturated loading capacities for tungsten extraction. The loaded tungsten was stripped from organic phases using NH3·H2O with stripping efficiency of 99.98%, obtaining (NH4)2WO4 solutions with WO3 concentration above 260 g/L and low impurity content. The raffinate containing high Na2SO4 concentration was converted to Na2CO3 solution by adding BaCO3 and recycled for the leaching of digestion product, which could significantly reduce the discharge of sodium salt wastewater. The presented work provides a cleaner production route for preparing pure (NH4)2WO4 solution from acid digestion product of tungsten concentrates.

Comprehensive effects of different inorganic elements on initial biomass char-CO2 gasification reactivity in micro fluidised bed reactor: Theoretical modeling and experiment analysis

In this study, a theoretical model of biomass char gasification reactivity was developed, focusing on the catalytic effect of inorganic elements on the char gasification process. A comparison with previous research results shows that the catalytic ability of K in a fixed bed reactor is stronger than that of Ca, while the catalytic ability of Ca in a fluidised bed reactor is stronger than that of K. The migration and transformation of K and Ca in a fixed bed reactor and fluidised bed reactor are compared. In the fluidised bed reactor, a larger proportion of Ca is transformed into an ion-exchanged state than K, which is contrary to the experimental results in the fixed bed reactor. Then, according to the equivalent-volumetric impregnation method, the saturated loading ratio of K was determined to be 35%, and the full catalytic ratio of K was determined experimentally. Finally, eight typical biomass char samples were selected to perform experiments at different temperatures in the micro fluidised bed reactor to determine the char gasification reactivity, and the results were compared with the calculated values of the model. Results show that the model can effectively predict the char gasification reactivity both in trend and accuracy.

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of the Frozen Red Sandstone under Coupling of Saturation and Impact Loading

Saturation is one of the critical factors causing frost damage to rock masses in alpine regions, and dynamic stress perturbations further complicate the damage process. Therefore, the effects of water content and loadings should be considered in the construction and maintenance of rock structures during winter in cold regions. In this study, the effects of saturation and impact loading on the dynamic mechanical behavior of frozen red sandstone were investigated using a low-temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar system (LT-SHPB). By combining low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the dynamic evolution of the microstructure of the frozen sandstone due to changes in saturation was investigated. The results indicated that the increase of saturation reshapes the pore structure of the frozen sandstone and promotes the expansion of pores of different sizes during freezing, while at complete saturation the frozen samples are mainly developed with meso- and macropores. The dynamic strength, elastic modulus, and brittleness index of the frozen sandstone under impact loading, which are limited by the critical saturation Src, tend to increase and then decrease with saturation. For the four impact loads, the dynamic strength of the samples increased by 21.2%, 27.1%, 32.5%, and 34.3% when the saturation was increased from 0 to 50%, corresponding to 1.38, 1.43, 1.51, and 1.56 times the dynamic strength of the fully saturated samples, respectively. In contrast, the ultimate deformation capacity of the frozen sandstone showed an opposite trend with saturation. As the impact load increases, the dynamic strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain of the frozen sandstone show a significant strengthening effect due to the increase in strain rate, while its brittleness index gradually decreases, dropping by 11.2% at full saturation. In addition, the energy dissipation capacity of the frozen sample first increases and then decreases with increasing saturation, with the enhancement effect of saturation on energy dissipation smaller than the weakening effect.

A comparative study of the effects of aqueous mixed amines on biogas upgrading based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis

As a key technology for biogas upgrading, mixed amines scrubbing can meet the world's demand for renewable energy by ensuring high methane (CH4) purity while achieving low energy regeneration. In this paper, several monoamines with excellent performance in biogas upgrading process were selected to study the effectiveness of their blends for biogas upgrading and compared with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA). The biogas upgrading effect, carbon dioxide (CO2) loading, regeneration effect and CO2 desorption heat of mixed amines were determined by batch experiments. 13C NMR was used to mechanistically interpret and quantify the carbocation trend of the amine solution before and after the reaction and regeneration. The results showed that the biogas upgrading and regeneration effect of the mixed amines combined with methyl monoethanolamine (MMEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was the best, and its initial methane purity, saturated CO2 loading, regeneration rate and CO2 desorption heat after upgrading were 100%, 0.617 mol CO2/mol amine, 54.3% and 64.91 kJ/mol CO2, respectively. Except for the saturated loading which was second only to MMEA/dimethyl monoethanolamine (DMMEA) with 0.624 mol CO2/mol amine, all the performances are optimal and the CO2 desorption heat is 19.01% lower than that of 30 wt% MEA, which can effectively reduce the regeneration energy consumption of the reaction. The results of 13C NMR showed that the increase of bicarbonate content could effectively reduce the regeneration energy consumption and enhance the initial regeneration rate, and the increase of carbamate could accelerate the initial uptake rate and methane purity, which could provide theoretical support for the subsequent screening of mixed amines to achieve different reaction purposes.

Leveraging Nitrogen Linkages in the Formation of a Porous Thorium-Organic Nanotube Suitable for Iodine Capture.

We report the synthesis, characterization, and iodine capture application of a novel thorium-organic nanotube, TSN-626, [Th6O4(OH)4(C6H4NO2)7(CHO2)5(H2O)3]·3H2O. The classification as a metal-organic nanotube (MONT) distinguishes it as a rare and reduced dimensionality subset of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); the structure is additionally hallmarked by low node connectivity. TSN-626 is composed of hexameric thorium secondary building units and mixed O/N-donor isonicotinate ligands that demonstrate selective ditopicity, yielding both terminating and bridging moieties. Because hard Lewis acid tetravalent metals have a propensity to bind with electron donors of rival hardness (e.g., carboxylate groups), such Th-N coordination in a MOF is uncommon. However, the formation of key structural Th-N bonds in TSN-626 cap some of the square antiprismatic metal centers, a position usually occupied by terminal water ligands. TSN-626 was characterized by using complementary analytical and computational techniques: X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, N2 physisorption isotherms, and density functional theory. TSN-626 satisfies design aspects for the chemisorption of iodine. The synergy between accessibility through pores, vacancies at the metal-oxo nodes, and pendent N-donor sites allowed a saturated iodine loading of 955 mg g-1 by vapor methods. The crystallization of TSN-626 diversifies actinide-MOF linker selection to include soft electron donors, and these Th-N linkages can be leveraged for the investigation of metal-to-ligand bonding and unconventional topological expressions.

Modeling and characteristics investigation of self-regulating HTS flux pump

Self-regulating high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pump is a promising candidate for realizing the quasi-persistent current mode operation of closed-loop HTS magnets. To characterize its performance and optimize accordingly, in this work, we have established a model in Matlab/Simulink. The effectiveness of the model has been validated based on the data obtained from the previous experimental counterpart. The calculated results show that this model is able to reproduce the experimental results with a satisfactory agreement. Based on the exploration of the model, we found that the charging performance of self-regulating HTS flux pump is mainly dependent on a range of typical design considerations, including the length of HTS bridge, the applied frequency of power source, the coupling coefficient of magnetic couplers, as well as the scale of HTS coils. Additionally, we proved that the charging speed can be accelerated and the saturated load current will correspondingly increase with the appropriate system parameters. The results obtained by this work provide some useful references for further optimization design of self-regulating HTS flux pump devices.

Numerical Analysis of Shallow Foundations with Varying Loading and Soil Conditions

The load–deformation relationship under the footing is essential for foundation design. Shallow foundations are subjected to changes in hydrological conditions such as rainfall and drought, affecting their saturation level and conditions. The actual load–settlement response for design and reconstructions is determined experimentally, numerically, or utilizing both approaches. Ssettlement computation is performed through large-scale physical modeling or extensive laboratory testing. It is expensive, labor intensive, and time consuming. This study is carried out to determine the effect of different saturation degrees and loading conditions on settlement shallow foundations using numerical modeling in Plaxis 2D, Bentley Systems, Exton, Pennsylvania, US. Plastic was used for dry soil calculation, while fully coupled flow deformation was used for partially saturated soil. Pore pressure and deformation changes were computed in fully coupled deformation. The Mohr–Columb model was used in the simulation, and model parameters were calculated from experimental results. The study results show that the degree of saturation is more critical to soil settlement than loading conditions. When a 200 KPa load was applied at the center of the footing, settlement was recored as 28.81 mm, which was less than 42.96 mm in the case of the full-depth shale layer; therefore, settlement was reduced by 30% in the underlying limestone rock layer. Regarding settlement under various degrees of saturation (DOS), settlment is increased by an increased degree of saturation, which increases pore pressure and decreases the shear strength of the soil. Settlement was observed as 0.69 mm at 0% saturation, 1.93 mm at 40% saturation, 2.21 mm at 50% saturation, 2.77 mm at 70% saturation, and 2.84 mm at 90% saturation of soil.

Augmented experimental design for bioavailability enhancement: a robust formulation of abiraterone acetate

Abiraterone acetate (ABRTA) is clinically beneficial in management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC-3). With highlighted low solubility and permeability, orally hampered treatment of ABRTA necessitate high dose to achieve therapeutic efficacy. To triumph these challenges, we aimed to develop intestinal lymphatic transport facilitating lipid-based delivery to enhance bioavailability. ABRTA-containing self-nano emulsified drug delivery (ABRTA-SNEDDS) was statistically optimized by D-optimal design using design expert. Optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, thermodynamic stability, in vitro release, in vivo bioavailability, intestinal lymphatic transport, in vitro cytotoxic effect, anti-metastatic activity, and apoptosis study. Moreover, hemolysis and histopathology studies have been performed to assess pre-clinical safety. Nano-sized particles and successful saturated drug loading were obtained for optimized formulation. In vitro release upto 98.61 ± 3.20% reveal effective release of formulation at intestinal pH 6.8. ABRTA-SNEDDS formulation shows enhanced in vivo exposure of Abiraterone (2.5-fold) than ABRTA suspension in Sprague–Dawley rats. In vitro efficacy in PC-3 cell line indicates 3.69-fold higher therapeutic potential of nano drug delivery system. Hemolysis and histopathology study indicates no significant toxicities to red blood cells and tissues, respectively. Apparently, an opportunistic strategy to increasing bioavailability of ABRTA via intestinal lymphatic transport will create a viable platform in rapidly evolving chemotherapy. Enhanced translational utility of delivery was also supported through in vitro therapeutic efficacy and safety assessments. Highlights Abiraterone acetate is a prostate cancer drug, impeded with low bioavailability. ABRTA loaded in self nano emulsifying drug delivery enhanced its bioavailability. Intestinal lymphatic transport played role in enhanced bioavailability of ABRTA. ABRTA-SNEDDS enhanced in vitro cytotoxic activity of ABRTA. ABRTA-SNEDDS found safe in preclinical safety evaluations

Influence of layer slipping on adsorption of light gases in covalent organic frameworks: A combined experimental and computational study

Sorption of gases in micro- and mesoporous materials is typically interpreted on the basis of idealized structural models where real structure effects such as defects and disorder are absent. For covalent organic frameworks (COFs) significant discrepancies between measured and simulated adsorption isotherms are often reported but rarely traced back to their origins. This is because little is known about the real structure of COFs and its effect on the sorption properties of these materials. In the present work molecular simulations are used to obtain adsorption isotherms of argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in the COF-LZU1 at various temperatures. The (perfect) model COF has a BET surface that is higher than the experimental BET surface by a factor of approximately 1.33, suggesting defects or inclusions are present in the real structure. We find that the saturation adsorption loading of small gaseous species in COF-LZU1, as determined from grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, is also higher by approximately the same factor compared to the experimental saturation loading. The influence of interlayer slipping on the shape of the adsorption isotherm and the adsorption capacity is studied. Comparison between simulation and experiment at lower loadings suggests the layers to be shifted instead of perfectly eclipsed. The sensitivity of the adsorption isotherms in this regime towards the underlying framework topology shows that real structure effects have significant influence on the gas uptake. Accounting for layer slipping is important to applications such as catalysis, gas storage and separation.

A novel preparation of solid amine sorbents for enhancing CO2 adsorption capacity using alumina-extracted waste

A “wet gel impregnation” method (WGI) was applied to prepare modified CO2 sorbents derived from alumina-extracted residue of coal ash (AR). Tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) was selected as an amine polymer and it was evenly dispersed on the surface of AR. And the effects of loading amount, impregnation method, and adsorption temperature on CO2 adsorption capacity of the sorbent were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that the desired sorbent with 60% TEPA loading via WGI had the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.45 mmol/g under 100% CO2 at 75 °C. This was attributed to the fact that the loading in wet gel state dramatically improved TEPA dispersion on the supports and increased the saturated loading of amine. Moreover, the sorbent still maintained stable CO2 uptake after five repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. These results suggested that amine-impregnated AR sorbent synthesized by WGI was an excellent and low-cost sorbent for CO2 capture.

Load characteristics forecasting of Hubei power grid up to year 2030 with the development of electric vehicles

The load characteristics of a power grid significantly change with the increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, we present a method for predicting the long-term load characteristics of Hubei Power Grid (A large power grid in China with annual power consumption of 207.1 billion kWh in 2020) up to until year 2030 with the development of EVs. The predicted load characteristics include the annual peak loads and hourly load curves of typical days for different seasons in target years 2025, and 2030. The proposed long-term load forecasting method uses saturated load prediction with grey Verhulst model and Monte Carlo simulation. The future impacts of the charging load of EVs on the grid are discussed in detail.

High‐Performance Functional Fe‐MOF for Removing Aflatoxin B1 and Other Organic Pollutants

AbstractOrganic pollutants, including mycotoxins, organic dyes, and pesticide residues, are the most critical threats to the global environment. In particular, efficient adsorption based on synthetic nanomaterials is considered a versatile and green approach to control mycotoxins. This work systematically investigates the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) removal capacity of MIL‐101(Fe), a typical type of metal‐organic framework (MOF) synthesized by solvothermal methods and possesses super‐high porosity and excellent dispersion in liquid. The experimental results demonstrate that as‐prepared MIL‐101(Fe) exhibits a much higher saturated loading capacity (30.58 mg g−1) toward AFB1 than other adsorbents described in the literature. Subsequently, the adsorption process is studied via isothermal and kinetic analyses. This work also evaluates the removal effect of MIL‐101(Fe) on organic dyes and pesticides compared to the other five MOFs; the results reveal that MIL‐101(Fe) possesses a diversity of pollutant adsorption. The molecular docking and interaction region indicator analysis is applied to reflect the interactions between AFB1 molecules and MIL‐101(Fe). This work will provide a simple and effective approach for AFB1 treatment and adsorption in wastewaters and offer new insights and perspectives to the practical applications of synthetic nanomaterials, MOFs in environmental management.

Effect of service differentiation on QoS in IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access: a simulation approach

The enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol is a supplement to IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC), ratified by IEEE 802.11e task group to support quality of service (QoS) requirements of both data and real-time applications. Previous research show that it supports priority scheme for multimedia traffic but strict QoS is not guaranteed. This can be attributed to inappropriate tuning of the medium access parameters. Thus, an in-depth analysis of the EDCA protocol and ways of tuning medium access parameters to improve QoS requirements for multimedia traffic is presented in this work. An EDCA model was developed and simulated using MATLAB to assess the effect of differentiating contention window (CW) and arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS) of different traffic on QoS parameters. The optimal performance, delay, and maximum sustainable throughput for each traffic type were computed under saturation load. Insight shows that traffic with higher priority values acquired most of the available channels and starved traffic with lower priority values. The AIFS has more influence on the QoS of EDCA protocol. It was also observed that small CW values generate higher packet drops and collision rate probability. Thus, EDCA protocol provides mechanism for service differentiation which strongly depends on channel access parameters: CW sizes and AIFS.

Incremental Distribution Network Forecasting for Different Industries Based on Long and Short Term Memory Network

In order to improve the quantitative evaluation and prediction ability of power grid investment benefit and solve the optimization problem of investment rhythm caused by the increase of user load in the new park, an incremental distribution network load forecasting method based on long-term and short-term memory network is proposed. Considering multiple influencing factors of investment decision-making, grey correlation analysis is carried out on the factors affecting saturated load, so as to quantitatively determine the impact Degree and size. Then, the influencing factors are used as independent variables, and the demand of electric power or electricity is used as the dependent variables to establish the prediction model to realize the medium and long-term load high-precision forecasting under the condition of small sample and high uncertainty.

Water adsorption in ideal and defective UiO-66 structures

We combine experiments and simulations to study the adsorption of water in several UiO-66 frameworks (ideal and defect-containing structures). We propose a new set of charges for the frameworks that accurately provides the water-structure interaction at the molecular level. The new set is suitable for predicting water adsorption in the ideal UiO-66 structure, providing for the first time, good agreement between experimental and calculated isotherms. The proposed procedure for tuning the point charges of the framework to achieve agreement with experiments is universal and can easily be extended to other MOFs. We explore the structural characteristics in terms of adsorption of water and the potential application of these materials to water harvesting from air. Our results show that the number of introduced defects significantly affect water sorption properties, which results in shifting steep water uptake and increasing saturation loading. Additional performed experiments, such as Ar sorption and the use of the QE-TPDA method allow for a broad characterization of structure-containing defects and the impact that these defects exert on the properties of the materials. • Integrated experimental and computational study. • Development of a transferable set of charges for the UiO-66 MOF. • Prediction of the adsorption mechanisms of water in UiO-66 with and without defects. • Water adsorption capacity dependency of UiO-66 with defects. • High performance for water harvesting.