Branched-chain Saturated Fatty Acids Research Articles

Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharids in environmental samples

Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides were quantitatively determined in six typical environmental samples in order to characterise their microbial community structures. The grassland soil displayed elevated α and mid-chain hydroxy fatty acids, and contained a great numbers of methyl branched saturated fatty acids on C2 and C4. The aggregated soil lacked mainly mid-chain hydroxy, dicarboxylic and ω-hydroxy fatty acids, the latter two are indicators of eukaryotes, therefore exhibited enhanced ratio of βOH fatty acids which symbolise Gram-negative bacteria. The salt marsh lacked Bacillus species, fungi and plants, but contained enhanced proportion of indicators for Desulfovibrio strains and Gram-negative bacteria by its fatty acid composition. The forest layers showed high percentages of indicators of fungi and extremely low proportions of fatty acids contributed by Gram-negative bacteria. The branched chain saturated fatty acids, indicators for actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria increased proportionally with the depth of forest layers.

Systematic analysis of the long-chain components of Eubacterium lentum.

The cellular long-chain component patterns of 33 strains of Eubacterium lentum were determined by gas chromatography. Two main types of long-chain component patterns were distinguished. The first (26 strains) was characterized by saturated branched-chain fatty acids (br14:0, br15:0, br16:0 and br17:0). The second (7 strains) did not contain branched-chain fatty acids and was characterized by saturated straight-chain fatty acids (11:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0). Both types contained fatty aldehydes and their respective dimethyl acetals (14ald and 14dma, 16ald and 16dma). br16dma was only found in the first type. The G + C content of the DNA (Tm) of the 33 strains varied between 63.7 and 69.1 mol %. Canonical correlation analysis distinguished three subtypes within the first main type.

Fatty acids and carbohydrate-containing lipids in four micrococcaceae strains

Fatty acid composition and lipidic carbohydrate to lipidic phosphorus molar ratio of yellow pigmented micrococci are compared to red pigmented ones and may be summarized by three indexes. These bacteria show wide differences in their fatty acid composition: three strains possess saturated branched chain fatty acids and one has unsaturated straight chain ones. A significant increase in 'anteiso/iso indexes' is observed between pink (M. roseus) and yellow colored bacteria (M. lysodeikticus, S. lutea). There is no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the 'unsaturation indexes' of the red pigmented parental D. radiodurans strain and its colorless mutant. Radioresistant strains exhibit a higher 'carbohydrate/phosphorus index' than other strains. There seems to be a relationship between a high carbohydrate-containing lipid content and a high resistance to physical and chemical agents, in particular to radiations. These differences observed in the lipid composition have implications in taxonomy and in establishing an evolutionary scheme.

Occurrence of cis-9,10-methylenehexadecanoic and cis-9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acids in the lipids of immature and mature Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), and in roe

1. 1. Analysis of saturated fatty acids in the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) by argentation chromatography and open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography detected cyclopropanoid fatty acids as well as all of the anticipated saturated fatty acids, including a variety of branched-chain saturated fatty acids previously found in fish. 2. 2. Cyclopropanoid fatty acids were identified in juveniles, male and female bodies, and roe. When the levels of these acids in eviscerated male and female bodies were compared with roe, roe had the highest concentration, followed by female and then male fish. 3. 3. Whole immature mummichog had almost twice the proportion of cyclopropanoid fatty acids found in whole mature male fish. 4. 4. The cyclic acids probably originate indirectly in the diet of the mummichog. This consists mainly of invertebrates probably consuming bacteria associated with plant detritus. 5. 5. The Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia collected from the same habitat had lower proportions of odd-chain methyl-branched fatty acids, and lower proportions of cyclopropanoid fatty acids, indicating differences in sources of dietary fatty acids.

Lipid Composition of the Hemagglutinating Active Fraction Obtained from Chick Embryos Infected with Chlamydia psittaci 6BC

The lipid composition of the concentrated hemagglutininating active fraction (HF) of allantoic fluid from infected eggs, but free from Chlamydia psittaci 6BC, was compared to concentrated normal allantoic fluid (NAF). Phosphatidyl-choline (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major lipid classes of the total phospholipid fraction. Some quantitative differences were found in the amount of PC and phosphatidylserine present in HF and NAF. Lysophosphatidylcholine was present in HF but absent in NAF. Triglycerides and sterols were the major lipid classes found in neutral lipids of HF and NAF. Quantitative data showed distinct differences in the amount of different neutral lipid classes present between HF and NAF. The fatty acids of various classes of lipids were examined, and differences were noted in a number of phospholipids, sterol esters, and the free fatty acids. Branched-chain saturated fatty acids were found in many lipid classes of the HF, particularly in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction, but were absent in the NAF.

A major pathway for the mammalian oxidative degradation of phytanic acid

A series of branched-chain saturated fatty acids accumulated in tissues of weanling mice fed regular chow supplemented with 2% phytanic acid (3,7,11,15 tetramethylhexadecanoic acid). They were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as phytanic acid, α-hydroxyphytanic acid, and the 19-, 16- and 14-carbon homologs of phytanic acid. Trace quantities of the 9-carbon homolog have also been detected by gas-liquid chromatography. When the regular chow is supplemented with 2% phytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol), Δ 2-phytenic acid accumulated in liver in addition to the compounds listed above. No evidence was found for the presence of α-ketophytanic acid, or of 15- and 17-carbon intermediates. The latter two would be expected if carbon dioxide fixation to the branch-methyl group were required in phytol or phytanate metabolism, as in the bacterial metabolism of farnesoic acid. Dietary supplementation with 3,7,11-trime thyldodecanoic acid produces accumulation in liver of the fed compound only. Intravenous injection of uniformly 14C-labeled phytanic acid in mice led to significant incorporation of radioactivity associated on gas-liquid chromatography with 19-16-, 14- and 11-carbon isoprenoid acids. Rat liver in vivo also rapidly converted in high yield uniformly 14C-labeled phytanic acid or 2,3-dideuterophytanic acid to uniformly 14C-labeled pristanic acid and 2-deuteropristanic acid, respectively. The oxidation of uniformly 14C-labeled phytanic acid to 14CO 2 was not impaired in biotindeficient rats. The proposed main metabolic pathway of phytanic acid in mammals consists of an α-oxidative process leading through α-hydroxyphytanic acid to pristanic acid, followed by a series of β-oxidative steps. The chemical syntheses of a number of isoprenoid acids are described.

EFFECT OF TRIPARANOL ON SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS.

SummaryTriparanol suppressed the synthesis of total lipids in 3 strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Strain differences were noted when triparanol inhibition was reversed with oleic acid or by prolonged incubation. Supplements of short-chained carboxylic acids influenced the effect of triparanol on the total lipids, the percentage composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and the specific fatty acids synthesized. There was an increase in the content of odd-numbered and branched-chain saturated fatty acids synthesized with triparanol plus pro-pionate or a-methyl-n-butyrate supplements, and an increase in the percentage of oleic acid synthesized with triparanol plus acetate supplements. Triparanol may act by inhibiting the ability of T. pyriformis to demethylate and to dehydrogenate saturated fatty acids in formation of unsaturated fatty acids.

The higher saturated branched chain fatty acids

The higher saturated branched chain fatty acids

The higher saturated branched chain fatty acids

The higher saturated branched chain fatty acids

The branched-chain fatty acids of ox fat. I. The isolation from ox suet of a C17 branched-chain saturated fatty acid.

The branched-chain fatty acids of ox fat. I. The isolation from ox suet of a C17 branched-chain saturated fatty acid.