Sativa Seed Oil Research Articles

Assessment of Moroccan Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Toxicological, and Antinociceptive Effects.

Assessment of Moroccan Cannabis sativa Seed Oil: Chemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Toxicological, and Antinociceptive Effects. by K. Raoui et al., Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. Cannabis sativa L., locally known as "El kif", belongs to the Cannabaceae family. This study aims to conduct a chemical analysis of Cannabis sativa seed oil (CSSO) and assess its acute toxicity, antioxidant properties, and analgesic effects. The chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify fatty acids (FAs) contents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging method and the (ferric reducing antioxidant power) FRAP method. Concurrently, acute toxicity, along with antinociceptive activity, was studied through three distinct animal models: writhing test, formalin test, and hot plate test. The results revealed that linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and palmitic acid were the main components of CSSO. The LD50 of CSSO was greater than 5 g/kg, indicating low toxicity. Additionally, CSSO exhibited a significant content of flavonoids and total polyphenols, along with notable antioxidant activity with important values. The results indicated a significant increase in thermal stimulus latency, a reduction in the number of writhes induced by acetic acid, and a decrease in licking time in both phases of the formalin test. In conclusion, this study suggests promising results for CSSO, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Characterization of Divalent Metal Soaps of Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil

In this study, the structural characteristics and thermal degradation behaviour of barium, calcium and zinc soaps of hemp seed oil prepared using the metathesis method are reported. Scanning electron micrographs of the metal soaps showed similar plate-like microstructures and are indicative of an orderly packed particulate structure. The bands at 1509, 1539 and 1543 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra showed the association of the carboxylate ion with Ba, Ca and Zn ions respectively The thermal decomposition consisted of one single step on the weight loss – temperature curves located around 250 – 450 oC for all the divalent metal soaps at the various heating rates and the observed loss in weight which occurred before 200 oC was minimal (< 10%). The average values of the apparent activation energy for the thermal process were 18.73, 13.77 and 8.48 kJ/mol for Zn-HSO, Ca-HSO and Ba-HSO respectively.

The Potential Role of Nigella sativa Seed Oil as Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer.

Nigella sativa oil, commonly known as black seed oil (BSO), is a well-known Mediterranean food, and its consumption is associated with beneficial effects on human health. A large number of BSO’s therapeutic properties is attributed to its pharmacologically active compound, thymoquinone (TQ), which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting several epigenetic players, including the ubiquitin-like, containing plant homeodomain (PHD) and an interesting new gene, RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1), and its partners, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). This study was designed to compare the effects of locally sourced BSO with those of pure TQ on the expression of the epigenetic complex UHRF1/DNMT1/HDAC1 and the related events in several cancer cells. The gas chromatographs obtained from GC-MS analyses of extracted BSO showed that TQ was the major volatile compound. BSO significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7, HeLa and Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner, and it induced apoptosis in these cell lines. BSO-induced inhibitory effects were associated with a significant decrease in mRNA expression of UHRF1, DNMT1 and HDAC1. Molecular docking and MD simulation showed that TQ had good binding affinity to UHRF1 and HDAC1. Of note, TQ formed a stable metal coordinate bond with zinc tom, found in the active site of the HDAC1 protein. These findings suggest that the use of TQ-rich BSO represents a promising strategy for epigenetic therapy for both solid and blood tumors through direct targeting of the trimeric epigenetic complex UHRF1/DNMT1/ HDAC1.

Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Nigella Sativa Seed Oil added to Standard Treatment in Uncomplicated Respiratory Infection - A Randomised, Open Labelled, and Parallel Arm Study

Introduction: Nigella sativa, known for its various pharmacological activities, is under trial for COVID-19. Objectives: The objectives were to assess the efficacy of Nigella Sativa, a traditional herbal medicine, added to standard treatment in the management of uncomplicated respiratory infection in terms of reduction in severity and worsening of clinical symptoms and to assess its safety through the incidence of adverse events. Method: The study was an open-labelled, parallel-arm, randomised controlled study in 50 participants with uncomplicated respiratory infections. Patients with symptoms of respiratory infections including fever, sore throat, throat pain, rhinitis, headache, myalgia and cough with or without expectoration for 5 days or less, were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated to two groups: Group 1 received standard treatment for 7 days and Group 2 Nigella Sativa oil - 1000mg twice daily with standard treatment for 7 days. The patients were physically followed up on day 4 and day 7 after starting treatment. General and systemic examination, assessment of vitals including body temperature, assessment of adverse events and clinical response to treatment were carried out during each visit. Results: The two groups showed similar efficacy for improvement in clinical symptoms on day 7. But on day 4, more subjects became symptom-free in Group 2 (N. sativa + standard treatment) as compared to Group 1 (standard treatment alone). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups and all the adverse events were minor in nature. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the addition of N. sativa to standard treatment could potentially benefit the patients with uncomplicated respiratory infection with early clinical cure.

Nigella sativa seeds oil alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment

Nigella sativa seeds oil alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment

Antimicrobial Activity by a Unique Composition of Cold Pressed Nigella Sativa Seed (Black Cumin) Oil

The oil produced from Nigella sativa seeds (black cumin) is a known folklore remedy for treatment of various health conditions, including the treatment of microbial infections. The microbes Malassezia furfur, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly found in healthy skin and gut microbiota, but can also be infection-inducing microorganisms upon overgrowth, capable of disrupting the homeostasis of the microbiome. Treatment with antibiotics has led some of these microbes to evolve antibiotic-resistant strains. Several Nigella sativa oils produced by cold pressing of agricultural crops to contain high or low amounts of the active molecule, thymoquinone as well as high or low amounts of free fatty acids were tested for their antifungal and antibacterial properties. The growth of Malassezia furfur and an antibiotic-resistant strain of Candida albicans were most inhibited by a combination of high amounts of Thymoquinone (3%) and low amounts of free fatty acids (2%). While the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is strongly inhibited by Nigella sativa oil, it seems that another component, yet to be identified, is responsible for the antibacterial effect as all oil compositions tested presented similar and strong inhibition of the bacterial growth. According to the results, Nigella sativa oil may be used as an alternative safe antimicrobial agent, and perhaps even as a preventative care for maintenance of microbiome balance and diversity.

Impact of Nigella Sativa on body weight, volume and weight of ovary in Letrozole Induced POS in Mice

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) influences almost 18% of women in their child bearing age and responsible for reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunctions. Aim: To examine remedial effect of Nigella sativa on body weight, weight, volume and gross appearance of ovary in polycystic ovarian syndrome induced by Letrozole in mice. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: Mature female BALB/c mice (n=40) were placed in four groups having ten in each. Group-1 was fed with normal diet. Rests of three were treated with Letrozole at dose of 1mg/kg body weight once daily for eight weeks. Groups (3&4) were also given Nigella sativa seeds powder and oil at dose of l0g/kg body weight and 4ml/kg body weight respectively, once daily commencing at 23 day and remained at end of eight weeks. Ovaries were identified, shape and color were recorded then weighed using a digital precision balance and volume in mm3 by water displacement method. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed by SPSS 21.0v. Results: Body weight of group-2 animals, weight and volume of their ovaries was increased in comparison to group-1 but reduced to group-3 and group-4 animals. Blackish spots on group-2 animal ovaries were observed. Ovaries of groups (3&4) animals were normal in appearance, volume and weight Conclusion: This study concluded that Nigella Sativa seeds in both solid and liquid state leave identical curative impact on body weight, weight, volume and gross appearance of ovaries in polycystic ovarian syndrome in mice. Keywords: Body Weight, Letrozole, Nigella Sativa, Ovaries and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Increasing Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Contents in Hexaploid Camelina sativa Seed Oil by FAD2 Gene Knockout Using CRISPR-Cas9.

Seed oils are used as edible oils and increasingly also for industrial applications. Although high-oleic seed oil is preferred for industrial use, most seed oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid. Oil from Camelina, an emerging oilseed crop with a high seed oil content and resistance to environmental stress, contains 60% PUFAs and 30% MUFAs. Hexaploid Camelina carries three homoeologs of FAD2, encoding fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), which is responsible for the synthesis of linoleic acid from oleic acid. In this study, to increase the MUFA contents of Camelina seed oil, we generated CsFAD2 knockout plants via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing using the pRedU6fad2EcCas9 vector containing DsRed as a selection marker, the U6 promoter to drive a single guide RNA (sgRNA) covering the common region of the three CsFAD2 homoeologs, and an egg-cell-specific promoter to drive Cas9 expression. We analyzed CsFAD2 homoeolog-specific sequences by PCR using genomic DNA from transformed Camelina leaves. Knockout of all three pairs of FAD2 homoeologs led to a stunted bushy phenotype, but greatly enhanced MUFA levels (by 80%) in seeds. However, transformants with two pairs of CsFAD2 homoeologs knocked out but the other pair wild-type heterozygous showed normal growth and a seed MUFAs production increased up to 60%. These results provide a basis for the metabolic engineering of genes that affect growth in polyploid crops through genome editing.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the benefits of Nigella sativa seeds oil in reducing cardiovascular risks in hypertensive patients.

The efficacy, safety, and utility of Nigella sativa seeds oil as a complementary treatment for hypertension, glucose control, and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Hypertensive patients in the intervention (n = 26) and placebo (n = 29) groups received 2.5 ml of N. sativa seeds oil and sunflower oil twice daily for 8 weeks, respectively. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), blood lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS), at different stages of the treatment period (0, 3, 6, 8 weeks), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione reductase (GR), at the baseline and end of the study, were assessed. SBP level in the intervention group was significantly reduced, compared with the baseline values (p < .001) and the placebo group (p < .05). A significant decline was observed in the levels of DBP, total cholesterols, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < .000), MDA, and FBS (p < .001); also, a significant increase was observed in the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and GR (p < .001). The use of N. sativa seeds oil as an adjunct to common medications exhibited additional antihypertensive effects as well as beneficial effects on glucose control and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with no renal, hepatic, and patient-reported adverse events.

A Mixture of Modified Starch and Maltodextrin for Spray Drying Encapsulation of Nigella sativa Seeds Oil Containing Thymoquinone

AbstractThymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpenoid quinone, is a major bioactive component of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil, which has been proven to have therapeutic and bioactive properties. The current study is carried out to investigate the encapsulation of N. sativa seeds oil containing TQ using the mixture of modified starch (MS) and maltodextrin (MD). In this regard, the effect of the different ratios of MS:MD on encapsulation efficiency (EE), TQ retention, and other characteristics of particles is investigated. The highest EE is observed in particles with 80:20 ratio of MS:MD powders achieving more than 90%, while the sample with 50:50 ratio of the wall materials has the maximum value of the retention of TQ (61.12%). The increase of MD ratio in formulations improves the wettability (&lt;3 min) and solubility (&gt;90%) of the particles, decreases the moisture up to 0.08%, and decreases the EE and TQ retention till 80% and 55%, respectively. The particles prepared with 50:50 ratio of MS:MD are the best particles with acceptable EE and better TQ retention is selected to evaluate the stability of TQ during the time. Results show that the encapsulation of N. sativa seeds oil considerably prevents the degradation of TQ during storage.

Mechanism of action and the biological activities of Nigella sativa oil components

Nigella sativa seeds oil is consumed because of its health benefits. Although the oil has been studied for its properties and composition, these effects are often associated with its major compound thymoquinone, and less has been reported about the other components' contributions to the pharmacological properties and mechanism of action. The present study aimed to evaluate the oil compounds' antioxidant and anti-tumour activities, and its effect on molecular targets associated with the claimed health effects. A wide a range of biochemical and biophysical techniques were used to understand the biological activities of the oil components. Compounds such as thymoquinone and volatile monoterpenes such as α-thujene, α-pynene, sabinene and 3-carene were identified by using GC-MS. Similar high antioxidant activities were obtained for the oil and its non-volatile (NV) fraction, with enzymes inhibition and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A375 cells the oil showed a strong effect but not its NV fraction. Analysis of A375 cells' proteome in contact with the oil showed increased expression of proteins POTEF and HSP 90-b suggesting that the oil's antitumor effect was due to apoptosis and cellular stress. FT-IR studies in two model proteins in contact with the oil allowed oil compounds-protein interactions to be recognized and also showed that volatiles stabilized proteins. Therefore, not only thymoquinone but also the volatile monoterpenes were important for the diversity of properties, and therefore modifications in the chemical composition of the oil, as an outcome of storage or even food preparation, may affect its biological activity.

Study Effects of Nigella Sativa Seeds Oil in Some Physiological Parameters in Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Ivabradine in Male Rats

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nigella Sativa Seeds oil In some physiological parameters&#x0D; against heart failure Induced By Ivabradine in rats .A total of 60 male rats were used in this experiment, the&#x0D; rats were divided into three groups: control rats (n = 20); IBD (n = 20); IBD+ N. sativa oil (n = 20). The&#x0D; first group (G1) was a control group. The second group (G2) was given 10 mg/kg of IBD, while the third&#x0D; group (G3) was injected with 10 mg/kgIBD + oral dosage of 2.5 mg/kg N. sativa oil for three months., after&#x0D; three months, the blood was withdrawn from the heart. to measure the concentration of ANP, BNP, NE,&#x0D; A-II, ALDO, ACE, MDA, SOD, TNF-? and IL-6 the Results revels that Levels of BNP, NE, MDA, IL-6&#x0D; and TNF-?. were significantly increasead in G2 rats, with no significant difference was observed in ANP&#x0D; in rats in G2 compared to G1 rats . The level of ACE, A-II, SOD and ALDO in G2 rats had significantly&#x0D; decreased compared to that observed in G1 rats, oral administration of Nigella Sativa seeds oil (G3) showed&#x0D; no significant difference inANP, BNP, NE, A-II, ALDO, ACE, MDA, SOD, TNF-? and IL-6 compared with&#x0D; G1 group.

Evaluation of the Possible Immuno-Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Seed Oil on Cyclophosphamide- Induced Myelosuppression in Mice

Myelosuppression is one of the serious adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy that lead to life threatening febrile neutropenia and considered a limiting factor for successful therapy. Cyclophosphamide a widely used anticancer drugs, induces severe bone marrow suppression by damaging hematopoietic stem cells. As cancer incidence expands globally, the demand for an effective myeloprotective therapy during cancer treatment is also increasing.Nigella sativa seed oil, a well-known plant extract that widely used for various health conditions. This study aims to evaluate the myeloprotective activity of Nigella sativa seed oil in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice model. Myelosuppression induced by single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Animals were divided into 4 groups each with 6 mice. First group served as negative control group received only normal saline. A second group served as experimental myelosuppression model group achieved by

Synthesis of Lipase-Immobilized CeO2 Nanorods as Heterogeneous Nano-Biocatalyst for Optimized Biodiesel Production from Eruca sativa Seed Oil

Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most attractive alternative energy sources to meet the growing needs of energy. Many approaches have been adopted for biodiesel synthesis. In the present work, biodiesel was produced from non-edible Eruca sativa oil using nano-biocatalyst-catalysed transesterification. Nano-biocatalyst (CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase) was developed via the immobilization of lipase on polydopamine coated ceria nanorods, and CeO2 nanorods were developed via a hydrothermal process. The mean diameter of nanorods were measured to be 50–60 nm, while their mean length was 150–200 nm. Lipase activity before and after immobilization was measured to be 18.32 and 16.90 U/mg/min, respectively. The immobilized lipase depicted high stability at high temperature and pH. CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase-catalysed transesterification resulted in 89.3% yield of the product. Process optimization through response surface methodology was also executed, and it was depicted that the optimum/maximum E. sativa oil-based biodiesel yield was procured at conditions of 10% CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase, 6:1 methanol/oil ratio, 0.6% water content, 35 °C reaction temperature, and 30 h reaction time. The fuel compatibility of synthesized biodiesel was confirmed via the estimation of fuel properties that were in agreement with the ASTM D standard. The nanorods and dopamine-modified nanorods were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), while conversion of E. sativa oil to biodiesel was confirmed by GC/MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Conclusively, it was revealed that CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase has potential to be employed as an emphatic nano-biocatalyst.

Variations in the viability and macromolecules concentration of E. granulosus protoscolices isolated from ruminants consequence treatment with Nigella sativa seed's oil (In vitro study)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the scolicidal activity of Nigella sativa seed's oil concerning the viability in vitro and biomolecules content (carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids) ofEchinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Protoscolices were aseptically aspiratedfromcysts of livers and lungs (naturally infected) which eradicated from goats and sheep that had been slaughtered at Mosul local abattoir / Nineveh / Iraq from September 2017 to May 2018. Various concentrations of N. sativa seed's oil (20 to 60 µl/ml) were applied on special time interval (5-40min). Viability of protoscolices was checked using vital stain (0.1% aqueous eosin). Concentration of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were estimated after treating the protoscolices with LC50 of the seed's oil (40 µl/ml) comparing with untreated group. It is revealed that mortality rate of protoscolices, those were treated for 10 minutes with 40 µl/ml and 60 µl/ml of Nigella sativa oil, were approximately 50% and 100% respectively. Viability % of protoscolices treated with 20% hypertonic saline solution for 5 minutes was 43%, whereas, 16% of protoscolices were viable when treated with 60 µl/ml of seed's oilat the same time. The experiments detect concentration and time-dependent scolicidal effect of N. sativa seed's oilon the E. granulosus protoscolices. Mean concentrations of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were significantly higher at P≤ 0.05 in control group (62.6µg/ml, 31.0 mg/dl and (23.4 and 82.9 µg/ml, respectively) than that found in LC50 treated protoscolices (58.3 µg/ml, 15.3 mg/dl and (18.19 and 64.48 µg/ml, respectively).The study showed that oil extract of N. sativa seedshas a significant (P≤ 0.05) clear impact in reducing viability of E. granulosus protoscolices, as well as, mean concentrations of its biomolecules which may open away for further experiments about scolicidal validity of N. sativa seeds oil in vivo.

Olej z nasion czarnuszki siewnej (Nigella sativa) jako produkt immunomodulujący

The paramount function of the immune system is to constantly defend our bodies against foreign antigens. This extraordinary achievement of evolution actively combats pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi) as well as toxins found in the external environment. At the same time, immunity disorders may cause various conditions such as autoimmune diseases, cancers and immunodeficiencies. Hence, scientists are actively seeking immunomodulating substances. Plant oils hold a special place among substances having immunostimulating or immunosupressive properties. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the immunomodulating effects of black carraway (Nigella sativa) seeds oil.

Effect of ultrasound-enhanced Nigella sativa seeds oil on wound healing: An animal model.

ObjectivesNigella sativa oil, ultrasound, and moist-exposed burn ointment (MEBO) have been suggested as noninvasive treatments for a number of inflammatory conditions and to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pulsed and continuous modes of ultrasound either alone or through phonophoresis, with N. sativa oil, or MEBO ointment in the treatment of chemical burns.MethodsThirty-five local rabbits were randomly divided into seven equal groups: pulsed ultrasound, continuous ultrasound, topical N. sativa oil, pulsed phonophoresis, continuous phonophoresis, topical MEBO ointment, and control group. Wound surface area was measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 using metric graph paper and photographs.ResultsSignificant differences were found between pre- and post-treatment wounds in all groups, except for the control group, in favor of the pulsed phonophoresis. In contrast, low results were found in favor of continuous ultrasound.ConclusionUltrasound, topical application of N. sativa oil, phonophoresis, and MEBO ointment have the potential to accelerate wound healing induced by chemical burns. Such treatment modalities may be used to treat wounds.

Assessment of Fuel Qualities of Methyl Esters from Camelina sativa Seed Oil for Biofuel Applications

In the recent time, Camelina sativa has attracted research interest as feedstock for biofuels. The fatty acid methyl esters from C. sativa oil was prepared and characterised as per the test methods mentioned in EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751–08 and IS 15607: 2005 specifications. The methyl ester content more than 96.5% was achieved in two-step alkali transesterification, and the percentage of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride were within the specified limit. The iodine value is 148 g I2/100 g which is quite above the desired value as per the European specification; likewise, the linolenic acid methyl ester content is quite high. The cetane number was calculated theoretically which is less than the required value. The oxidation stability is poor, whereas the addition of synthetic antioxidant that is pyrogallol at 100 ppm attains the induction period of 8.1 h. The rest fuel parameters are in good agreement with EN 14214: 2008 norm. Except cetane number, the other properties are in agreement with the IS 15607: 2005 specification. In case of American specification, the cetane number is specified to be minimum 47, whereas the theoretical cetane number for Camelina methyl ester is slightly lower. Cetane enhancer may be used for the fuel to qualify the American and Indian specifications.

A Transgenic Camelina sativa Seed Oil Effectively Replaces Fish Oil as a Dietary Source of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Mice

Background: Fish currently supplies only 40% of the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) required to allow all individuals globally to meet the minimum intake recommendation of 500 mg/d. Therefore, alternative sustainable sources are needed.Objective: The main objective was to investigate the ability of genetically engineered Camelina sativa (20% EPA) oil (CO) to enrich tissue EPA and DHA relative to an EPA-rich fish oil (FO) in mammals.Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 10 wk either a palm oil–containing control (C) diet or diets supplemented with EPA-CO or FO, with the C, low-EPA CO (COL), high-EPA CO (COH), low-EPA FO (FOL), and high-EPA FO (FOH) diets providing 0, 0.4, 3.4, 0.3, and 2.9 g EPA/kg diet, respectively. Liver, muscle, and brain were collected for fatty acid analysis, and blood glucose and serum lipids were quantified. The expression of selected hepatic genes involved in EPA and DHA biosynthesis and in modulating their cellular impact was determined.Results: The oils were well tolerated, with significantly greater weight gain in the COH and FOH groups relative to the C group (P < 0.001). Significantly lower (36–38%) blood glucose concentrations were evident in the FOH and COH mice relative to C mice (P < 0.01). Hepatic EPA concentrations were higher in all EPA groups relative to the C group (P < 0.001), with concentrations of 0.0, 0.4, 2.9, 0.2, and 3.6 g/100 g liver total lipids in the C, COL, COH, FOL, and FOH groups, respectively. Comparable dose-independent enrichments of liver DHA were observed in mice fed CO and FO diets (P < 0.001). Relative to the C group, lower fatty acid desaturase 1 (Fads1) expression (P < 0.005) was observed in the COH and FOH groups. Higher fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (Ppara), and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (Pparg) (P < 0.005) expressions were induced by CO. No impact of treatment on liver X receptor α (Lxra) or sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c) was evident.Conclusions: Oil from transgenic Camelina is a bioavailable source of EPA in mice. These data provide support for the future assessment of this oil in a human feeding trial.

Effectiveness of Topical Nigella sativa Seed Oil in the Treatment of Cyclic Mastalgia: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Active, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Cyclic mastalgia is common in women and has no optimal therapy. Analgesic effects of Nigella sativa have been reported. Thus, the effect of a standardized N. sativa seed oil (600 mg applied to the site of pain bis in die for 2 months) on the 10-centimeter visual analog scale scores of pain severity in 52 women with cyclic mastalgia was compared to that of topical diclofenac (20 mg bis in die) (n = 51) and placebo (n = 53). There was no significant difference between the 1- and 2-month pain scores in the active treatment groups (p > 0.05). The pain scores of the active treatment groups did not differ significantly at 1 and 2 months (p > 0.05). The endpoint pain scores of the active treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the baseline (both p < 0.001). The pain scores of the active treatment groups at 1 and 2 months were significantly smaller than those of the placebo group (both p < 0.001). The pain scores of the placebo group at 1 and 2 months were not significantly different from the baseline (p > 0.05). No adverse effect was observed. In conclusion, topical N. sativa seed oil is safe, more effective than placebo, and has clinical effectiveness comparable to topical diclofenac in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia.