Satisfactory Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Patients About Cross-Infection and Infection Control

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the patient’s knowledge, attitude, and practice of cross-infection control in dentistry. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University. In this study, 250 patients (134 female and 116 male) aged 18 years and older (35.5±13.9) participated and data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cross-infection and infection control. Required personal and socio-demographic data were obtained. A chi-square test was conducted for categorical variables. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare questionnaire scores (p <0.05). Results: Most of the participants (30.5%) reported that their sources of information on dental infection control were social media. Knowledge scores of females were statistically significantly higher than males (p=0.005) and participants living in the city were significantly higher than those living in the town (p=0.015). Knowledge scores of health-care workers were significantly higher than both other workers and unemployed/students (p=0.001, p=0.004, respectively). Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, only 29.2% of the participants questioned the dentists about the contagious disease, and only 36% asked about the sterilization method of the dental instruments. Most of the participants perceived that wearing gloves, masks, eyewear, and face shield would protect both patients and dentists. Conclusion: Participants in this study seem to have a satisfactory level of knowledge about cross-infection and infection control methods in the nowadays’ pandemic condition. However, dental health professionals should make additional efforts to educate and encourage dental patients.

Nursing awareness of oxygen therapy among nurses at selected district hospital in Nepal

Relevance . Oxygen therapy is commonly used in the emergency and critical cases which is the first line treatment in many critical conditions. Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment prescribed mainly for hypoxic patients, which provides oxygen at higher concentrations than that found in atmosphere (21%). Oxygen administering depends on the needs of the patients conditions and in some cases medical treatment. The present study aims to assess the level of awareness on oxygen therapy among nurses and examine the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and Methods . A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 125 samples. The data were collected for 6 weeks using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) was used for quantitative data analysis and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used to find out the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results and Discussion . The study revealed that 74.4% of the nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, 20% had average knowledge and 5.6% had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding oxygen therapy. A significant association was found between the knowledge level and age, educational status and experience of the respondents (p=0.001, 0.000, 0.016). Conclusion . The study concluded that the level of knowledge among nurses regarding oxygen therapy has lower than expected and is unsatisfactory. The results of the study can provide a framework for the healthcare policymakers to develop and implement educational programs on oxygen therapy for nurses in hospital setting.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of mammography and breast self-examination among the general female population in Asir region of KSA.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and an increasing burden in terms of incidence, morbidity and mortality. It accounts for about 28.7% of all new cancers in women. In 2015, the Saudi cancer registry shows that breast cancer was graded first among women and it accounts for 16.7% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals. This study was designed to assess breast cancer screening knowledge and practices among women in the Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study recruiting 1,021 female participants was performed. The variables included breast cancer knowledge, socio-demographic features, breast self-examination knowledge and practice. Descriptive statistics was used to compare and analyze the collected data while chi-square test was used to check the statistical significance among the selected variables. Saudi married women from Asir region were the participants of this cross-sectional study. Our findings suggested that participants had a satisfactory level of knowledge about breast self-examination andmammograms at a rate of > 90% and 44.76% respectively. Over 90% of participants had good breast self-exam knowledge,however, only 6.37% was always performed breast self-examination. Similarly, nearly 40% of participants performed mammograms, while 40.5% were unaware. Leaflets and doctors were the primary sources of information for participants regarding the information of breast cancer screening. Breast self-examination is a crucial approach to the timely detection of breast cancer and is subsequently critical for effective treatment. From the findings of this study we concluded that most women in the Asir region have a good awareness of breast cancer screening methods. However, either screening of self-examination or mammogram for breast cancer was not carried out thoroughly and regularly. This means that we must continue to emphasize the importance of primary health care in the earliest stages of breast cancer.

Knowledge of Breast Self-Examination, Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening among Indian Women

The burden of breast and cervical cancer in terms of incidence and mortality in low- and mid-income countries is increasing daily due to late diagnosis, unhealthy lifestyle choices, late presentation, and poor attitude to screening. Early detection increases the chances of survival. This present study assessed Assam women’s breast and cervical cancer screening (CCS) awareness, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccines. An internet-based cross-sectional questionnaire was utilized to obtain 251 consenting respondents. The mean age of respondents was 27.8 ± 6.91. Only 205 (81.7%) and 110 (43.8%) respondents have satisfactory levels of BCS, and CCS knowledge, respectively. While only 76 (30.3%) respondents had satisfactory BSE practice. Age range (26 – 32 years), tertiary education, and being single were demographic characteristics that influenced knowledge and practice. Though the respondents had a satisfactory knowledge level, screening uptake among respondents is very poor as only 32 (12.7 %) had ever been screened and only 19 (7.6 %) ever been vaccinated. The major reasons for poor screening uptake were “no symptoms” and “not aware of screening location”. Most respondents (227, 90.4 %) are willing to go for screening if well oriented. This presents an opportunity to enhance awareness about screening and vaccination among Assam women. The media/internet and health practitioners can be leveraged to promote the uptake and utilization of screening services and BSE practice. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-5 Full Text: PDF

The Effect of Instructional Guidelines on Women that Suffer from Genital Prolapse

Genital prolapse is one of the most frequent causes of gynecological morbidities among women in the world. The symptoms of genital prolapse can be extremely debilitating and have an appreciable impact on quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of instructional guidelines on women that suffer from genital prolapse . Quazi experimental design was conducted at the out-patient’s clinics of Fayoum University hospital and General hospital (obstetrics and gynecology clinic). Purposive sample 73 women was included in the study. Data were collected through four types of tools (structured interviewing questionnaire sheet, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP–Q) . It was used to assess genital prolapse, Pelvic organ prolapse-symptoms score (POP-ss),it was used to assess symptoms of genital prolapse and Instructional guidelines follow up sheet was designed to assess the manifestations. The results of this study revealed that there were a statistically no significant differences between the women with satisfactory level of knowledge and genital prolapsed symptoms, and its stages before instructional guidelines. While the result is almost statistically significant between the women with satisfactory level of knowledge and symptoms and stages after instructional guidelines, there were a statistically significant differences between the genital prolapsed symptoms and its stages before and after instructional guidelines. The study concluded that instructional guidelines was effective in improving women' knowledge and stages regarding genital prolapse. As well a reduction in prolapse symptoms which lead to better quality of life at follow-up periods.

Knowledge and Lifestyle Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Pandemic in People over 65 Years Old from Southern Italy.

Background: Control measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on human daily life and lifestyles. Adherence to the recommended measures is influenced by knowledge and attitudes towards the disease. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19, the related control measures, and lifestyle behaviors adopted during the pandemic in a sample of elderly Italian people. Methods: A web-based questionnaire investigating socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of COVID-19, the related preventive measures, and lifestyle changes that occurred during the pandemic, were distributed to ≥65 years old people living in South Italy. Results: A satisfactory level of knowledge about COVID-19 and the related control measures has been found in the enrolled sample. However, a decrease in physical activity, as well as worsening sleeping and dietary habits, were found in roughly 60% of participants. Females were impacted greater by these lifestyle changes. Conclusions: Participants in this study showed a good level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its prevention. Nevertheless, they reported an increase in unhealthy habits that may have important health consequences in the long term and should be addressed by public health interventions targeted at older people.

Assessment of the Health Team Performance in the First 24 Hours Regarding Patients with Stroke

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a complex disease and medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention, efforts and skills of all members of the multidisciplinary team to minimize brain damage and potential complications especially in the first 24hrs. Aim of the study was to assess the health team's performance in the first 24hrs regarding patients with stroke. Design: An exploratory descriptive study Setting: The study was carried out and conducted in the stroke ICU, neuro-surgical ICU, the emergency and neurosurgery department at Nasr Institute Hospital for research and treatment. Study subjects: A purposive sample consists of 60 nurses and 40 neurologists and ICU physicians their mean age was 34.5±8.28 and36.10±7.94 respectively. Data collection tools: a) health team self-administered questionnaire. b) Health team practice observational checklist, and c) Health team self-administered form (attitude scale). Results & conclusion: Firstly, (sixty, fifty-one & fifty-five) of the nurses under the study had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, practice and had a negative attitude in the first 24 hours regarding patients with stroke respectively. Secondly, (sixty-five, sixty& fifty-five) of the neurologists and ICU physicians under the study had satisfactory level of knowledge, practice and had a positive attitude in the first 24 hours regarding patients with stroke respectively. Furthermore, there was a highly statistically significant relation between nurses' knowledge, practice, attitude and their demographic data. Also, there was a highly statistically significant relation between neurologists and ICU physicians' knowledge, practice, attitude and their demographic data. Recommendation: This study recommends the importance of in- service training courses and designing health team educational program to enhance their knowledge and improve their practices in the first 24hrs regarding patients with stroke and minimize complications after stroke

Biopsychosocial Needs of Patients Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Background: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is considered alone of the most critical surgeries in Egypt nowadays. Assessing bio psychosocial needs for patients post (CABG) is very important for facilitating their recovery and helping them cope with any health problems. Aim: This study aimed to assess bio psychosocial needs of patient post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Research design: Descriptive exploratory design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: This study was conducted in the Cardio Thoracic Outpatient clinics at Cardio Thoracic Academy affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital. Subject: A purposive sample of 60 adult patients' post CABG were taken to conduct this study randomly selected. Tools:1). Patient′ interviewing questionnaire, 2: Bio psychosocial needs of patients post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft assessment tool. Results:70%of patients under study had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding coronary artery bypass graft. As well as, there was higher mean score of the studied patients regarding their social needs 53.06± 13.63 rather than psychological needed 44.64±7.37 and physical need 40.74±12.53. Conclusion: The studied patients reported the social needs very much need more than the other needs, more than half of the studied patients reported psychological needs.regarding depression. Recommendations: further studies should be designed to encouraged Patients to participate in rehabilitation programs post coronary artery bypass graft surgeries to satisfy their physical, psychological and social needs.

Educational Program about Professional Development for Nursing Teachers and its Effect on their Students' Satisfaction

Background: Professional development for nursing teachers improves the quality of teaching and learning in nursing schools, thus nursing students' learning outcomes as well as their satisfaction will be affected. The study aimed to: Assess effect of educational program about professional development for nursing teachers on their students' satisfaction. Study design: Quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at three secondary technical nursing schools at Menoufia Government (Albagor, Menof and Ashmon nursing schools). Subjects: Included 60 nursing teachers and 174 nursing students. Tools for data collection: Three tools were used namely, Professional development knowledge questionnaire, professional development observational performance checklist for nursing teachers and student satisfaction scale. The results showed that: The majority (88.3%) and (83.3%) of studied nursing teachers had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding to professional development during post-program and follow up phases, while (75.0%) and (73.3%) respectively of studied nursing teachers had good level of performance at post-program and follow up phases, also (73.6%) and (67.8%) respectively of studied nursing students had high level of satisfaction during post-program and follow up phases. Moreover, there was a positive significant correlation between total knowledge score and total performance score of studied nursing teachers thorough the program phases, while there was no significant correlation between total studied nursing teachers' knowledge score and total studied nursing students' satisfaction level thorough the program phases. Furthermore, there was a positive significant correlation between total performance score of studied nursing teachers and total studied nursing students' satisfaction level thorough the program phases. The study concluded that: The educational program was effective in improving nursing teachers’ level of knowledge and performance related to professional development and increasing level of nursing students' satisfaction. The study recommended that: Conducting an educational program must be continuous process. Engagement of nursing teachers in professional development activities should aligned with nursing teacher needs, expectations, and performance improvement goals

A descriptive study on Bulgarian preclinical dental students' knowledge and attitude towards coronavirus disease 2019 precautions and cross-infection control practices

BACKGROUND AND AIM: One year after the novel coronavirus pandemic, there is a sustained risk of further global spread and most countries continue to impose preventive measures to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current situation outlined a specific reformulation of dental education in Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria - initial transition of face-to-face classes towards electronic learning (e-learning) processes, and subsequently, a transition from online teaching toward hybrid education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate preclinical dental students' knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 precautions as well as crossinfection control strategies. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online on 258 out of 516 preclinical dental students at the School of Dental Medicine, Sofia, using a self-administered questionnaire. Survey items were grouped in 3 general sections: educational experiences, students' knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 precautions and sources of relevant information as well as students' personal experiences during the current pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 169 students participated in the study (response rate: 65.5%). Of them, 98 (57.9%) were secondyear students, 42.6% were men, and their mean age was 21 +/- 1 years. Almost one-third of the participants indicated violation of disinfection and sterilization protocols (28.9%) and the presence of aerosol-generating procedures (27.2%) as the most important COVID-19 predisposing factors in dental practice. Vaccination was suggested as the most effective way of prevention against the COVID-19. Proposed infection control practices included strict cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization (87.6%), personal protective equipment (PPE) (85.8%), frequent ventilation (53.3%), and treatment after a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (or other) test (46.2%). Social media was considered as the main source for pandemic-related information (68.0%). CONCLUSION: In the light of COVID-19, dental students demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge regarding standard precautions in dental practice;however, more attention should be paid to additional transmission-based precautions to ensure the safety of educational and working environment.

Effect of Discharge Plan on Satisfaction of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery

Background: Discharge planning for patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery is considered as a strategy for promoting their satisfaction at home and in the community. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of discharge plan on satisfaction of patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery through the following: 1) Assessment of needs of patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery.2) Developing and implementing discharge plan for patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery based on needs assessments 3) Assess the effect of discharge plan on satisfaction of patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery Study design: a quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted in neurosurgical ward at El- Demerdash hospital and outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital which affiliated to Ain Shams University. Subject: A purposive sample of 60 patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery were selected according to certain inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined statistically by power analysis considering the total number of patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery in El Demerdash hospital during the year (2016). Data collection: 1) Patients’ Interviewing questionnaire. and 2) Patient Satisfaction tool. Results: the present study revealed that, mean age of the patients under study was 39.58±8.69and 60% of them were female and There were a highly statistically significant difference among patients under study throughout discharge planning phases regarding their knowledge, There were statistical significant relations between patients' total satisfactory level of knowledge and their satisfaction level three months after implementing discharge plan. Conclusion: Application of discharge planning regarding lumbar disc herniation surgery has a positive improving effect on patients' satisfaction level Recommendations: The discharge plan should be available in the neurosurgical department and clinic for all patients who will be undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery and should be updated periodically

Effect of the National Early Warning Score Education Program on Nurses’ Knowledge at an Emergency Hospital

Aims and Objectives: To determine the effect of a designed program about the National Early WarningScore on nurses’ knowledge at an emergency hospital. Background: The Early Warning Score has beendeveloped as a tool for early detection of patients’ deterioration. However, its implementation has not beenoptimal due to the lack of knowledge and understanding of EWS among staff nurses. Design: Pre-test/posttestquasi-experimental research design. Methods: A convenient sample of 34 nursing staff working at theinpatient unit at an emergency hospital was included in the education program. Results: The current findingsrevealed that all nurses (100 %) (34) had an unsatisfactory knowledge level pre-educational program. Whilenurses’ knowledge level post-educational program showed, most of them (97.1 %) (33) had a satisfactoryknowledge level. And there was a highly significant statistical difference between pre-test and post-testof knowledge (p <0.001). Moreover, nearly half of the nurses (50.2 %) answered knowledge questionsincorrectly pre-educational program, while post-educational program, the majority of them (91.6%) answeredknowledge questions correctly. Conclusion: After implementing an educational program regarding NationalEarly Warning Score, The emergency care nurses’ knowledge was markedly improved.

Assessment of Public Awareness Level Regarding Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Pol-e-Khumri, Afghanistan

This study was conducted to assess the awareness level of 786 families regarding solid waste management in Pol-e-Khumri. A total of 331 questionnaires were distributed among participants of different educational degrees and age groups from which only 310 questionnaires were returned back. Collected data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software. The results of this research showed that 58% of participants had weak general awareness regarding solid waste management, while 29% and 13% of them had moderate and good awareness level of awareness, respectively. Also, participants had satisfactory level of knowledge about responsible administrations (75%) and negative impacts of waste dumping (60%) while, they had moderate level of awareness regarding solid waste management (40%), waste collection (50%) and transportation (45%). Participants showed poor awareness level regarding solid waste disposal methods (25%), source segregation of waste (30%) and hazardous waste (35%). The relationship between the demographic characteristics of respondents (sex and level of education) and their general awareness level was also evaluated. It was found that participants with low education degree have less awareness as compared to participants with high degree of education. Study suggests that there must be an integrated program about solid waste management and enhancing public awareness. Short- and long-term educational programs such as discussions, seminars, workshops and preaching in Masjids are considered to be useful in enhancing public awareness level.

Structured Teaching Program's Effect on Knowledge and SelfManagement Behaviors for Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Promoting the level of knowledge of patients through education is one of the effective factors in increasing the patient responsibility in eliminating or changing unhealthy behaviors. Also, improving self-management of hemodialysis patients needs empowering the patients through educational program. Aim: to assess the effect of structured teaching program on knowledge and self-management behaviors for hemodialysis patients. Subjects and method: Design: A quasi-experimental (pre- post-test) design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in hemodialysis unit at Qena General Hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample consisted of 100 adult patients were selected based on the following inclusion criteria; their age between 18-65 years, and able to provide oral consent they were followed up for three months. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection; (I) patient's assessment sheet, (II) the hemodialysis knowledge questionnaire and (III) the hemodialysis self-management instrument. Results: Main results for this study showed that only 17% of studied patients had satisfactory level of knowledge in pretest, which increased to 93% in post-test. There was a statistically significant difference as regard hemodialysis self-management behaviors post implementing the structured teaching program P- value <0.001*. Recommendations: Continuous educational programs should be planned and offered to patients on regular basis in hemodialysis units. Also, further studies about home self- management of hemodialysis patients should be conducted.

Effect of Educational Sessions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Knowledge, Practice and Attitudes of Nurses in Zagazig Fever Hospital

Background: The fast and global spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major cause of concern for the healthcare profession. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of educational sessions about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on knowledge, practice and attitudes of nurses in Zagazig Fever Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Research design: A quasi experimental research design was used in carrying out the study with pre/posttest. Setting: the study was conducted at Zagazig Fever Hospital, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used: Tool (I): A self-administered questionnaire; It consisted of two parts: Part one was used to collect data pertaining to personal characteristics of the nurses, while part two involved questions regarding nurses' knowledge about COVID-19. Tool (II): Nurse’s practice observation checklist to determine the hand washing practice during COVID-19. Tool (III): was intended to assess nurse’s attitudes toward COVID-19. Results: The comparison of pre, posttests knowledge, practice and attitudes on nurses revealed highly statistically significant improvement (p <0.001) that approved the research hypothesis of implementation, where the total mean of their knowledge increased from 23.915±9.539 in pre- intervention, to 43.366±0.914 at intervention and 42.746±1.509 at post intervention. All nurses (100%) were having satisfactory level of knowledge at intervention and post intervention. The total mean score of their attitudes increased from 16.929±2.344 in pre intervention to 19.098±1.415 at intervention and 18.873±1.482 at post intervention with (p < 0.001) for all changes. Conclusion: the posttest and follow-up knowledge, practice and attitudes’ score was higher than the pretest score of nurses. Recommendations: Continuous campaigns are required for nurses to prevent and control COVID-19 successfully with illustrated booklets for maintaining knowledge, emphasis should also be placed on training and retraining health professionals in the correct hand washing steps as well as media awareness campaigns on this disease.

Sexually transmitted diseases knowledge among andrology clinic attendants in Menoufia University and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospitals

Objective The aim was to assess knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among attendants in Dermatology and Andrology Clinics in Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital. Background Knowledge of STDs and their complications is important for adequate prevention and treatment, as people who do not know the symptoms may fail to recognize their need and so may not seek help. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted. Cases were patients who were diagnosed to have current symptomatic STDs. Control group was selected from attendants of both clinics, who were not complaining of any symptoms of STDs. Control group was age and sex matched. The selected sample with the help of the researcher was interviewed using predesigned questionnaire asking about different types of STDs, the causative agents, transmission routes, protective measures, symptoms, and complications of STDs. Results More than half of the studied group (∼64.5%) had satisfactory level of knowledge about STDs. Most of them, ∼84.2%, were from the control group, and only ∼4.2% represented the cases. Proper knowledge about STDs was statistically significant higher in the control group than the case group in STD knowledge parameters (types, complications, symptoms, the causative organisms, the routes of transmission, and the effect of contraceptive pills or condom on the presence of STDs). There was a highly statistically significant relation between the level of knowledge and presence of STDs. Moreover, there was a significant relation between participant education and level of knowledge about STDs. Conclusion The level of STD knowledge is satisfactory among the control group more than the cases. There is a highly statistically significant relation between level of knowledge and presence of STDs. There is a significant relation between participant higher level of education and level of STD knowledge.

Enhance Nurse Managers' Legal and Ethical Aspects at Benha University Hospital

Backgrounds: Nurse managers' are facing the challenges in their daily practice such as short ofstaffing, workload and maintenance of high quality and encounter many legal and ethical issuessurrounding these area. Law defined as a legal document setting rules governing a particular kind ofactivity while ethics are moral principles that govern how the person or a group will behave. Aim ofthe study: Was to enhance nurse managers' in the legal and ethical aspects at Benha UniversityHospital. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Sample: Composed of 79nurse managers include nursing director (1), supervisors (14), and first line manager (64). Setting:The study was conducted in all units (44) at Benha University Hospital. Tools for data collectionTwo tools were used; the first tool: legal and ethical aspects knowledge questionnaire sheet. Thesecond tool: legal and ethical aspects observational checklist. Results: Majority of the studiedsample had unsatisfactory knowledge level about legal and ethical aspects at preprogram, whileimmediate post educational program the majority of them had satisfactory knowledge level. Also, theminority of the studied sample pre educational program demonstrated complete performance aboutlegal and ethical aspects, while post program the majority of them improved their performance.Additionally there was astatistical significant positive correlation between nurse managerg’s totalknowledge scores and performance scores. Conclusion: There were an improvement in level ofknowledge and performance of the nurse mangers about legal and ethical aspect immediately postand follow-up implementation of educational program compared to pre-program.Recommendations: Establish an ethical and legal committee within the organization for all ethicaland legal aspects in nursing practice. Further research: effect of legal and ethical nurses’ knowledgeon patients outcome.

Effect of Training Program about Extravastion Injuries on Nurses’ Performance

Intravenous extravasation is a significant problem and one of the most commonly seen morbidity in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Nurses play a key role in preventing extravasation injuries. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a training program about extravasation injuries on knowledge and practice of neonatal nurses. One-group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. A convenient sample of 45 nurses was recruited from two different NICUs at Kafrelsheikh General Hospital Governorate and Health Insurance Hospital (El Ebour Hospital) at Kafrelsheikh city. Tools: Structured questionnaire interview and observational checklist were used. Results revealed that minority of nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge and performance in pre-program compared to all nurses in post- program. A significant differences for nurses total mean knowledge and performance scores between pre and posttest (P =0.00) was evident. In conclusion, knowledge and performance of nurses were significantly increased after receiving the training program suggesting its effectiveness. The study recommended that nurses who working in NICUs especially newly hired should be equipped with updated information about extravasation injuries through continuous educational programs. As well, an emphasis should be done regarding their practices and periodic checkup for their knowledge. Keywords: Preterm, NICU, Extravasation injuries, Nurses’ performance, Training program

Knowledge, attitude and practice of patients regarding cross infection and infection control in dental college and hospital, Nashik

Patient safety is an important medical discipline which aims at improving quality of patient care, minimizing treatment mistakes and improving safety. Infectious diseases represent an important public health problem facing health care systems in many countries. Cross infection can occur with transmission of infectious agents between patients and health workers. The objective of the study was to determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of patients attended dental clinics at MGV’S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nasik, regarding cross infection and infection control in dentistry. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 patients who attended the dental clinics. A standardized, confidential, anonymous, interviewing questionnaire was used. Knowledge about Dental infection was assessed by 10 MCQs. The attitude parameter was assessed through answering seven statements on a three- point Likert scale. Patient self reported practices were also evaluated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Results of the study revealed that 48.6%, 29.3% and 22.1% of the participants obtained poor, fair and satisfactory level of knowledge about infection and infection control in dentistry, respectively. Participant's educational level was significantly associated with the level of knowledge about dental infection. Patients had positive attitudes towards infection control in dentistry. Regarding self-reported practice, almost half of the participants would ask dentists about sterilization of dental instruments (45.8%), wearing face mask (24.5%) and gloves (32.3%). In conclusion, our participants had good attitudes towards infection control in dentistry. However, their knowledge and practice need improvements. Awareness should be increased about cross infection and infection control in dentistry through mass media, TV programs, camps, posters, etc. KeyWords:- Cross infection,Cross-sectional study, Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-reported practice,Awareness

Nurses' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Developmental Supportive Care for Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants

Background: Developmental supportive carerecognizes the physical, psychological and emotional vulnerabilities of premature and low birth weight infants. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of nurses regarding developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Subjects and method: design: A descriptive designwas used, the study was carried out on 180 nurses at the governmental hospitals at Mansoura City. Tools: Tool (1) Structured interview for nurses' personal characteristics and their knowledge about preterm infant and developmental supportive care. Tool (2) an observational checklist for nurses' practice of developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants during daily nursing care procedures. Results revealed that most of the studied nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants while of them had inadequate practice of developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants, there were no statistically significant relation between nurses' knowledge and their actual practice (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 64.4% of the studied nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants, while more than half of studied nurses (56.7%) had inadequate level of practicing developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants. Recommendations. Setting training and educational programs for nurses to improve their knowledge and their performance regarding developmental supportive care for preterm and low birth weight infants.