Satisfaction Scale Research Articles

Investigation of the relationship between attitudes toward migration and life satisfaction of nurses working in Turkey.

Nurse migration contributes to the nursing shortage in developing countries. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward migration and related factors is crucial for policy-making and healthcare workforce planning in Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward migration and their life satisfaction in Turkey. The study included working nurses with social media accounts on a social media platform in Turkey who followed nursing-related content. A sample of 423 nurses completed an online survey. Independent variables included nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and inclination toward migration, while dependent variables were life satisfaction and migration attitude levels. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, incorporating the Brain Drain Attitude Scale (BDAS) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), between April and May 2023. The study found a negative correlation between nurses' life satisfaction levels and their attitudes toward migration (r=-.349, p<.001). Nurses dissatisfied with their profession (F=6.575, p<.05), lacking professional support (F=8.641, p<.05), and lacking social support (F=6.307, p<.05) scored higher on the BDAS. Conversely, those satisfied with their profession (F=31.455, p<.05), receiving professional support (F=26.307, p<.05), and social support (F=33.990, p<.05) scored higher on the LSS. The study revealed that decreased life satisfaction among nurses in Turkey correlates with increased migration attitudes. These results underscore the need for strategies to enhance nurses' job satisfaction and support systems to mitigate migration tendencies. This study contributes valuable insights into the high inclination of Turkish nurses toward emigration.

ADAPTATION OF THE BASIC NEED SATISFACTION IN RELATIONSHIPS SCALE INTO TURKISH: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDIES

This study was carried out in order to adapt the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction İn Relationships Scale, which was developed by La Guardia et al. to measure the level of need satisfaction of individuals in their relationships into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. 187 university students in the evaluation of language validity in the translation of the scale into Turkish, and the study group consisted of 241 university students in the examination of psychometric properties. The scale was determined by construct validity confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 /sd=2.45, GFI= .97, CFI=.90, RMSEA=.065). Criterion-related validity was tested with the Job Satisfaction Scale (r=.65). The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as .71 for the total score, .78 for the autonomy sub-dimension, .68 for the competence sub-dimension and .66 for the relatedness sub-dimension. When the findings are evaluated in general, it can be said that the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction İn Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable measure for the Turkish sample. As a result of the study, family and couple counseling and close relationships psychology have gained a valid and reliable measure that can be used in the domestic literature.

Factors affecting psychological resilience, self-efficacy and job satisfaction of nurse academics: A cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to determine the factors affecting psychological resilience, self-efficacy and job satisfaction in nurse academics. Nurse academics follow an emotionally and mentally intense career path, along which they are required to balance many different roles and responsibilities, including teaching, research and guidance. However, in some cases, this equilibrium is disrupted and may cause functional disruptions; in achieving this balance, resilience, self-efficacy and job satisfaction play important roles. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected between January and April 2023, and 446 nurse academics were included in the study. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) were used to collect the research data.We adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting. A significant positive relationship was found between general self-efficacy levels and psychological resilience and job satisfaction levels. There is a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction levels and age, total years of service, psychological resilience and general self-efficacy levels. In addition, it has been noted that family relationships, friend relationships and academic title factors were effective on the nurse academics' psychological resilience, self-efficacy and job satisfaction levels. Managers can play an important role in increasing the psychological resilience, self-efficacy and job satisfaction levels of nurse academics by developing strategies for these effective factors. Governments need to ensure that nurse academics have an appropriate career framework that enables them to balance the competing demands on their time and that they have adequate mentoring and support in the early stages of their careers to enable them to adapt to working life as a nurse academic.

Development of Mathematics Teaching Models According to the Theory of Knowledge Creation to Promote the Mathematical Competence of Mathayom 6 Student

Background and Aims: The development of human thought is greatly aided by mathematics, which fosters creativity, and logical and systematic thought, benefits life, and raises the standard of living. (1) the first goal of this research is to create a mathematical teaching model for Mathayom 6 students that is based on the theory of knowledge creation. And (2) Examine the effects of utilizing a theory of knowledge creation-based mathematics teaching model to enhance Mathayom 6 students' mathematical proficiency. Methodology: Three research steps make up this study. (1) Phase 1: Basic information, current conditions, and conditions for teaching mathematics are studied, along with concepts, theories, and research about models of teaching mathematics based on knowledge creation theory to enhance secondary school students' mathematical competency. Year 6 by speaking with five education specialists. (2) Phase 2: Creating a teaching model for mathematics based on the theory of knowledge creation to help students in Mathematical Competency 6 and (3) Phase 3: Testing out a model of teaching mathematics based on the theory of knowledge creation to improve Mathayom 6 students' performance in the subject. Thirty Mathayom 6 students from Thesaban 2 School in Nangrong Municipality, Nangrong District, Buriram Province participated in the model's testing as a sample group during the second semester of the academic year 2022; (1) A mathematics teaching model based on the theory of knowledge creation to support Mathayom 6 students' mathematical competency is one of the instruments used to gather data. (2) Learning Satisfaction Scale; (3) Mathematics Competency Test; and (2) Achievement Test, the t-test (Dependent), mean, percentage, and standard deviation are among the statistics used in data analysis. Results: (1) A mathematical competency-promoting teaching model for Mathayom 6 students, based on the theory of knowledge creation. There are six parts. These include the model's goals, instructional strategies, social systems, response theories, and support networks. Four steps make up the teaching process: (1.1) Step of operation (Operation: O) (1.2) Step two: Action (Acting: A) (1.3) Step three: Knowledge creation (Creation: C), additionally, (1.4) Recapitulating the idea (Idea: C) and a high degree of appropriateness was indicated by the model's evaluation results, which had a mean of 4.47 and a standard deviation of 0.41. (2) The application of the theory of knowledge creation to the mathematics teaching model revealed that at a statistical significance of.05., students' academic achievement is higher than it was before they started studying. When Mathayom 6 students use the mathematics teaching model, their performance in mathematics exceeds the 70% threshold. Additionally, a high degree of student satisfaction has been observed with the mathematics teaching model. Conclusion: To emphasize mathematical competency, the study presents a comprehensive teaching model for Mathayom 6 students that is based on the theory of knowledge creation. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by the evaluation results, which show a significant improvement in academic achievement and student satisfaction, both of which exceed the performance threshold of 70%.

The Effect of Video Streaming With Virtual Reality Glasses on on Pain Anxiety and Satisfaction Applied in Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Process

Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) implementation is among the most frequent and highly invasive nursing initiatives. PIC leads to anxiety with procedural pain, causing individuals to reject these procedures or negatively affecting the process's success. The study was conducted to determine the effect of virtual reality glasses (VRG) on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) process in adults. An experimental study. An emergency department of a university hospital. Individuals who were admitted to the emergency unit of the university hospital were recruited between the data collection dates. Data from individuals' "Patient Information Form," "Visual Pain Scale," "Visual Anxiety Scale," and "Visual Satisfaction Scale" were collected. "VR-Box 3D Glasses" was used as virtual reality glasses. In our study, when the pain point averages with VAS were compared during the PIC process, the pain score average of the patients in the control group was 5.78 ± 1.23 visual anxiety scale 5.89 ± 1.23 and patient satisfaction scale 3.86 ± 2.48, The visual pain score average of patients in the VRG group is 4.12 ± 2.16, visual anxiety scale 3.14 ± 1.76 and visual patient satisfaction scale 7.64 ± 3.26. In short, it has been detected that the pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction score averages of patients in the VRG group are statistically significant compared to the pain score averages of patients in the control group (p < .005). Our study unearthed a statistically significant relationship at an average level of negative direction between PIC post-treatment pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction (r = - 0.476). Utilization of VRG has been detected to reduce pain and anxiety felt during the PIC process in adult patients and increase process satisfaction. VRG, a non-pharmacological, non-invasive, inexpensive, and feasible nursing initiative, may be recommended for use in pain and anxiety control in patients undergoing PIC treatment.

Evaluating the Long-Term Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Facial Esthetics and Aging.

Orthodontic treatment is known to significantly impact facial esthetics, but there is a lack of long-term studies examining its effects, particularly in conjunction with the natural aging process. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the enduring effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging over a 15-year period. Three hundred orthodontic patients aged 12 to 25 at the start of treatment were included. Dental alignment, soft tissue transformations, skeletal changes, and patient-reported outcomes were measured objectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare pretreatment and post-treatment measurements. Significant improvements were observed across various aspects following orthodontic treatment. Dental alignment showed a marked reduction in crowding, with an average decrease of 5.2 mm. Soft tissue transformations revealed notable advancements in lip positioning, averaging 3.8 mm, along with increased lip thickness. Skeletal changes were relatively modest, characterized by subtle alterations in chin positioning and mandibular angles. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction, reflected by an average score of 9.2 on the satisfaction scale. Despite treatment efficacy, the aging process continued to manifest natural changes in skin elasticity and fat distribution over the 15-year follow-up period. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of orthodontic outcomes and highlight the importance of considering long-term effects on facial esthetics and aging. This longitudinal study provides valuable insights into the long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics and aging. It highlights significant improvements in dental alignment and soft tissue transformations, along with sustained patient satisfaction. However, modest skeletal changes and the ongoing aging process emphasize the need for managing patient expectations. These findings can guide practitioners and patients in making informed decisions regarding orthodontic interventions.

Effects of Ward Noise Management on Mental Health and Hip Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of ward noise management on the mental health and hip joint function of elderly patients post-total hip arthroplasty. The retrospective analysis involved the medical records of 160 elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Nanchang First Hospital from March 2021 to January 2023. The observation group received ward noise management (n = 75) and the control group received perioperative routine management (n = 85). The noise level, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), Harris Hip Score (HHS) system, and satisfaction scale were used to evaluate patients. T test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. The observation group exhibited a significantly lower noise level compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the general information and preoperative SDS, SAS, HHS, and GQOLI-74 scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the SDS and HHS between the two groups 7 days after the operation (P > 0.05). The observation group presented a significantly lower SAS score than the control group 7 days after the operation (P < 0.05). The score of the observation group 7 days after the operation was lower than that before the operation (P < 0.05). At 7 days after the operation, the observation group showed a higher score in the "social function" dimension of GQOLI-74 compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (94.67 vs. 77.65%, P < 0.05). Ward noise management can help reduce anxiety among elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty, improve their quality of life and social function, and obtain higher satisfaction.

Anterior cruciate ligament-Return to sport after injury scale brief version after ACL reconstruction: Persian translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the short anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) (Persian) version's cultural adaption and validity. To assess test-retest reliability, 102 participants were filled out the short ACL-RSI(Per) scale 6 months or more after ACLR surgery. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), construct validity (Pearson's r) and sensitivity (floor/ceiling effect) were determined. In addition, patient completed other relevant measures such as Lysholm scores, the hospital for special surgery ACL satisfaction survey (HSS ACL-SS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain and patient's satisfaction, the Tegner activity score (TAS), the single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) and the Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS). The short ACL-RSI(Per) scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.923). Significant correlations between short ACL-RSI(Per) and other scales supported validity. There was a statistically significant connection between the short ACL-RSI(Per) and the following outcomes: HSS ACL-SS (r = 0.698, p < 0.001), VAS pain (r = 0.356, p < 0.001), CKRS (r = 0.644, p < 0.001), TAS (r = 0414, p < 0.001), Lysholm score (r = 0.467, p < 0.001) and SANE score (r = 0.536; p < 0.001). In addition to a satisfactory ceiling impact (15%), a sizeable floor effect (16.7%) was also seen. The short ACL-RSI(Per) scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological readiness for return to sport after ACL reconstruction in Persian. III.

Good mid- to long-term outcomes after meniscus bucket-handle tear repair: A comparative analysis with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To evaluate mid- to long-term clinical outcomes after arthroscopic bucket-handle meniscal tear (BHMT) repair and to assess the impact of concurrent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). A comparative retrospective case series with blinded outcome assessment was conducted. All consecutive patients treated with arthroscopic BHMT repair with or without concurrent ACLR between 2001 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Fifty-five patients with an average follow-up of 7.3 ± 3.4 years were included in the analysis. Outcome measures comprised post-operative IKDC Subjective Knee Form, Lysholm Score, Tegner Activity Scale, KOOS, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for satisfaction. Additionally, failure and reoperation rates were assessed. The failure rate was 9%. Medial BHMT repair showed superior post-operative IKDC scores compared to lateral meniscus repair (p = 0.038). Concurrent ACLR did not demonstrate any impact on post-operative KOOS, IKDC, Tegner or patient satisfaction. The mean IKDC score at final follow-up across both groups was 80.4 ± 17.8. The mean Lysholm score was 86.9 ± 16.7. Mean KOOS scores were (i) symptoms: 83.6 ± 18.3, (ii) pain: 90.2 ± 14.4, (iii) activities of daily living: 93.6 ± 15.1, (iv) sports: 78.3 ± 26.0 and (v) quality of life: 70.5 ± 24.5. Mean patient satisfaction (VAS) was 7.9 ± 2.5. The mean Tegner score was 4.9 ± 1.9. A consistent positive correlation between the number of sutures used and post-operative outcome measures was observed but did not reach statistical significance for most items. Arthroscopic BHMT repair achieved good clinical outcomes and an acceptable failure rate of 9% at a mean follow-up of 7 years, supporting the clinical value of meniscal repair, including large BHMTs. Concurrent ACLR showed no impact on clinical outcomes. Level IV (retrospective case series).

Paper 38: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport Rates Between Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation and Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Articular Cartilage Lesions in the Patellofemoral Joint

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes and return to sport (RTS) rates between patients that undergo osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), or matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), for patellofemoral articular cartilage defects. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent an OCA, ACI, and MACI from 2010 to 2020 with a minimum two-year follow-up was conducted. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected included: Visual Analog Scale for pain and satisfaction, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and return to sport (RTS) status. Logistic regression controlling for age, sex, BMI, bone marrow edema, mechanism of injury, lesions size and location was used to identify predictors of worse outcomes. Results: A total of 95 patients with a mean age of 32.1 years (± 10.0) and mean BMI of 26.5 (± 5.9) were included. ACI or MACI was performed in 55 cases (57.9%) and OCA in 40 (42.1%). Satisfaction was not significantly different between groups. VAS pain scores were higher in the OCA group, but did not reach significance. Overall, KOOS pain was significantly poorer in the OCA group than the ACI/MACI group, while KOOS symptoms, KOOS sport, and KOOS QOL subscores were non-significantly different. Overall, RTS rate was 54.3.%, with no significant difference in return between OCA or ACI/MACI groups. Increasing age was associated with lower satisfaction in the OCA group and poorer outcomes in the ACI/MACI group, while larger lesion area was associated with lower satisfaction and poorer outcomes scores in the ACI/MACI group. Conclusions: Clinical outcomes and return to sport rates are similar in patients that undergo OCA or ACI/MACI for patellofemoral articular cartilage defects, except in measures of pain, where patients undergoing OCA may experience more symptoms, particularly in the setting of trochlear defects.

The effectiveness of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) model in people with HIV: A cross sectional study.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are a chronic and disabling disease that has a significant impact on quality of life due to weakening of physical health, financial problems and social stigma. This study aims to validate the Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) model in people with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) in Iran. Four hundred and fifty-two people with HIV from Imam Khomeini Hospital between the age of 18 and 65 years (men: 308, women: 144) participated in the research. anonymously completed a battery of questionnaires, namely the Persian basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale, SF-36, PSQI and mindful attention awareness scale. The method of the present study was the structural equation model. Current findings indicated there is a significant positive between mindfulness and need satisfaction, physical and mental health and, significant negative between mindfulness and quality and quantity of sleep. Mindfulness and need satisfaction are significant positive predictors of quality of life in people with HIV. Quality and quantity of sleep are significant negative predictors of quality of life in people with HIV. There is a positive significance between need satisfaction and physical and mental health but there is a negative significance between need satisfaction and quality and quantity. there is a negative significant between the quality and quantity of sleep with physical and mental health. Mindfulness facilitates the satisfaction of more psychological needs and improves the quality of sleep. The quality of sleep is a negative significant predictor for physical and mental health but the quantity of sleep is a negative significant predictor for physical health. The HRQOL model can explain 18% of physical health and 16% of mental health in people with HIV in Iran. The elements of this model can be useful in evaluating and treating people with HIV in the Iranian Population. They also can use the models to plan for better services.

The structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women

Introduction: Inefficiency in the process of emotion regulation prevents the emergence of efficient behaviors and appropriate coping responses to the situation in marital relationships by the individual, which seems to be influenced by relational beliefs. Aim: The present study aimed to formulate a structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. Methods: The current research was descriptive-correlation based on the method of structural equations and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all married women between the ages of 30 and 50 who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the first six months of 2022, among them 371 women were selected using the random clusters sampling method. The research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Relationship Belief Inventory, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The results of the present study showed there is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of positive emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.003, Z=-2.11). There is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of negative emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.009, Z=-1.78). Conclusion: The results showed that marital satisfaction is predicted based on communication beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. It is suggested that couple therapists and family therapists pay attention to relational beliefs and cognitive emotion regulation strategies derived from them in counseling and couple therapy to increase marital satisfaction.

The Satisfaction of the Students on Home-Based Distance Learning in the Philippines

Distance education has quickly been integrated into the education system anywhere, and the pandemic has intensified the need for it. The Philippines is just one of the countries that grappled with the effects of the unseen enemy; therefore, leaning mainly to home-based learning just cope to the need for learning and continuity. This study aimed to elicit the satisfaction level of Filipino college students both enrolled in private and public higher education in the country. To proceed with the study, the researchers adapted an 18-item questionnaire to find out the satisfaction level of the students in the home-based learning modality implemented in the entire country during the school year 2022 – 2023. Using the satisfaction scale adapted from Nabayra and Tambong (2023), results showed that Filipino students had an overall slight satisfaction with the implemented home-based learning modality. Moreover, the demographics, namely gender, year level, type of institution, and type of home-based learning modality, are not directly associated with students' level of satisfaction, which can only contribute less than 1% of the variance to their satisfaction.

Diversity in productive activities enhances life satisfaction among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study

Few studies have reported an association between diversity in productive activities and life satisfaction; hence, this cross-sectional study conducted in Japan aimed to clarify this association. We assessed the life satisfaction of 4,498 Japanese community-dwelling older adults engaged in productive activities (e.g., paid work, volunteering, taking care of children, and supporting others) using the Life Satisfaction Scale. We took the sum of the number of engaging productive activities as the diversity in productive activities score. A dose-response relationship was observed for each additional productive activity on life satisfaction. Participants who engaged in one, two, three, or four productive activities were more likely to have higher life satisfaction than those who did not engage; the odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) were 1.19 (1.02–1.39), 1.19 (1.00–1.42), 1.71 (1.37–2.13), and 2.27 (1.58–3.27), respectively. Diversity in productive activities may enhance higher life satisfaction likelihood among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Violence in Young Adults: Perpetration of Bullying and Life Satisfaction

Objectives: To explore the potential associations between adults’ experiences of bullying and self-reported life satisfaction. Methodology: The data were collected by an online self-report survey using the Google Form by contacting college/university teachers and circulating the form among students using E-mails and social media. The Multidimensional Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale was used to assess the bullying experiences of the students in the last 3 months. The Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale was used to measure self-reported life satisfaction. Results: Out of a total of 854 (males = 21.6 ± 3.55 years) students, a little more than half (53.9%) were not involved in any bullying, 16.4% were cyber victims, 3% were victims of classic bullying, and 10.9% were victims of both types of bullying. Pure perpetration was rare (&lt;1%) and 14.9% of the participants reported victimizing others as well as being victims of bullying. The bully-victims, relative to other groups, were the most likely to express dissatisfaction in the domains of family life (χ 2 = 29.00, P = 0.0001), friendships (χ 2 = 52.11, P = 0.0001), living environment (χ 2 = 23.75, P = 0.003), and overall rating (χ 2 = 41.26, P = 0.0001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that 4.2% of the variance was explained by the number of bullying victimization incidents and the number of perpetration incidents (F = 19.90, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Educational institutions must take robust measures to raise awareness of bullying and implement effective strategies to protect the most vulnerable groups. Social-emotional educational programs that teach conflict resolution, social skills, and safe practices for navigating the remote platform need urgent attention.

The effect of patients' empowerment on satisfaction of diabetic patients attending primary care clinics.

Different approaches, especially the patient-centered approach with emphasis on the patient's empowerment, were used with diabetic patients to ensure a better quality of life. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of patient empowerment versus traditional health education models on the satisfaction of diabetic patients. A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 130 patients, aged 40-65 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and attending a family medicine outpatient clinic. Patients were blinded and randomly allocated into one of the two Groups (A and B) for a health education session with trained family physicians using the empowerment model and the traditional model, respectively. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the consultation satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ). The relations between different qualitative variables were assessed by Chi-square test; differences in various quantitative variables were determined by t-test and ANOVA. Pearson correlation assessed the correlation between age and different domains as well as the total questionnaire scores of both groups. A highly statistically significant difference was found between Group A (n = 65) and Group B (n = 65) for the general satisfaction scale, professional care analysis, depth, and length of consultation (P < 0.001). In Group A, 61.5% were highly satisfied and 35.4% were moderately satisfied, while in Group B, 41.5% were moderately satisfied and 43.1% were neutral. Regarding physicians' perceptions of the communication process with patients during the health education sessions, 83% in Group A perceived it as good, while 69.2% in Group B perceived it as average. The patient empowerment model of health education was linked to higher rates of patient satisfaction and a better physician perception of the communication process during the consultation. The study was self-funded, and no harm was done to the patients.

Effectiveness of Ultrasonography- and Fluoroscopy-Guided Caudal Epidural Injections in the Management of Chronic Lumbar Disc Disease: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Lumbar disc disease is one of the common causes of lower back pain caused by a change in the structure of the normal disc. Most of the time, disc disease happens as a result of aging and the normal breakdown that occurs within the disc.Caudal epidural steroid injections are the popular treatment for patients with chronic low back pain that does not respond to conservative management. A retrospective survey was administered to 160 patients whohad received caudal epidural injections forchronic low back pain in the past, but only 74 patients who completed the scheduled follow-ups were included in the study. They were divided into two groups based on the imaging modality used for guiding the caudal epiduralsteroid injections, either ultrasonography or fluoroscopy, and thenassessed for improvement in pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), forfunctional improvement on theOswestry Disability Index (ODI), and for satisfaction on the North American Spine Society Patient Satisfaction Scale (SSPSS). Mean NRS pain scores improved significantly from baseline at 6.78 and 7.00 in the fluoroscopy and ultrasound groups, respectively, to 2.03 and 2.16 at 12 weeks post-procedure. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The Oswestry Disability Index was completed at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up for both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups; the fluoroscopy group's mean Oswestry Disability Index scores were 52.4 at baseline and 35.6 at 12 weeks, whereas the scores for the ultrasound group were 50.3 at baseline and 37.9 at 12 weeks. Conversely, patient satisfaction as assessed using the SSPSS rose in both groups up to 12 weeks (p > 0.05). The ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided caudal epidural steroid injections proved equally effective in easing the pain, disability, and satisfaction levels of patients with chronic lower back pain.

Fractional CO2 Laser vs. Microneedling with PRP in Striae Distensae Treatment: A Comparative Analysis on Asian Skin

Background: Stretch marks, or striae distensae (SD), are a common dermatological issue caused by skin stretching and subsequent dermal damage. Various treatments, including laser therapy and microneedling, have been explored for SD. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of Fractional CO2 laser and microneedling with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treating SD. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over a year at Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital. Ninety-eight patients aged 18-40 were enrolled and divided into two groups: Group A (Fractional CO2 laser) and Group B (microneedling with PRP), each receiving four sessions at three-week intervals. Patients' histories, including demographics and striae characteristics, were documented. The effectiveness of treatments was assessed using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS) at multiple follow-ups. Side effects were also recorded. Result: Group A (Fractional CO2 laser) had 49 patients with a mean age of 25.9 years, and Group B (microneedling with PRP) had 49 patients with a mean age of 26.4 years. Group A showed a significant reduction in striae width and length compared to Group B. By Week 12, 48.80% of Group A reported Excellent Improvement in VAS scores, compared to 12.80% in Group B. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Group A, with more patients reporting Very Satisfied and Extremely Satisfied outcomes. Side effects such as erythema and hyperpigmentation were more common in Group A. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser therapy is more effective than micro needling with PRP in reducing the appearance of stretch marks, with higher patient satisfaction and significant improvements in VAS scores. Despite a higher incidence of side effects, the CO2 laser provides better overall outcomes.

Structural Relationships between Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction with the Mediation of Loneliness

Introduction: Identifying related and influencing factors on marital satisfaction is of particular necessity and importance. It seems that attachment styles and loneliness are among the factors affecting marital satisfaction. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between attachment styles and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all women and men who were referred to family counseling centers in Ilam City in 2019 with complaints of marital problems which 320 were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data Adult Attachment Questionnaire by Simpson (1990), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1993) and The University of California Loneliness Scale (1996) were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .24 and Amos. 24. Results: In the present study, the results showed that loneliness and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship (β=-.258, P=.001). Avoidant attachment (β=-.189, P=.001) and anxious attachment (β=-.138, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship. Loneliness in the relationship between secure attachment (β=.149, P=.001), anxiety (β=-.043, P=.048) and avoidance (β=-.140, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a mediating role. Conclusion: The results showed that loneliness mediates the relationship between secure, anxious and avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that couples and family therapists, in counseling and couple therapy, to increase marital satisfaction, should also pay attention to people's attachment styles manifestations and feelings of loneliness caused by it.

Promoting Self-Management in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Development of the Impact of Glucose Monitoring on Self-Management Scale

ObjectivesType 2 diabetes (T2D) management requires behavioural engagement to achieve optimal outcomes and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies may facilitate self-management. In this study we describe the development and validation of a self-report instrument, the Impact of Glucose Monitoring on Self-Management Scale (IGMSS), assessing the impact of device use (primarily CGM but also self-monitored blood glucose [SMBG]) on the capability, motivation, and opportunity to engage in self-management. MethodsPotential items were generated from 3 sources: themes and quotes from 13 adults with T2D motivated by CGM use who participated in a qualitative study; behaviour change theory identifying capability, opportunity, and motivation to self-manage; and expert committee review of items. An initial pool of 42 items were generated describing CGM as promoting personalized knowledge, improved health (Capability), improved relationships, having positive device characteristics (Opportunity), and improved engagement in self-management (Motivation). Based on expert committee consensus, items were written so as to be completed by those using any glucose-sensing device (SMBG and CGM). Psychometric evaluation was conducted with 514 English-speaking Canadians. Scale reduction (22 final items) was completed using item-response distribution, internal consistency, factor analysis, and expert opinion. Construct and convergent validity were evaluated using the Impact of Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale, the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire, the Diabetes Distress Scale, the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, and the Centre for Epidemiology Depression Scale. Test–retest reliability was determined for 130 participants. ResultsInternal consistency was high for all scales, ranging from 0.73 to 0.91. Test–retest reliability ranged from 0.58 to 0.79, except for Device Characteristics. Construct and convergent validity indices were acceptable. There was substantial overlap between the IGMSS and established measures of CGM satisfaction. IGMSS findings were also predictive of self-management behaviour and emotional functioning. ConclusionsThe IGMSS has positive psychometric characteristics and has the potential to screen people with T2D for engagement in diabetes self-management using CGM or any sensing device. Scores can be determined for various aspects of Capability (Personalized Knowledge, Improved Health), Opportunity (Relationships and Device Characteristics), and Motivation.