Satellite Survey Data Research Articles

Оценка ежемесячной динамики площадей открытых песков на востоке Ставропольского края в 2023 г.

The author examines the open sands’ spatial position dynamics in the east of the Stavropol Krai (Levokumsky, Neftekumsky, Stepnovsky and Kursk rayon) in the context of the months of 2023. The current year differs from a number of previous ones (2017–2022) in terms of meteorological conditions, in connection with which the changes assessment will clarify the dust storms impact degree on the sandy areas acreage. Mapping of open sands was carried out using satellite survey data (Sentinel-2) for each month for the March-October period 2023. At the beginning of the term, the area of open sands was 51 thousand ha, due to gradual decrease in October, 17.2 thousand ha were identified. Monthly dynamics for 9.6 thousand objects was estimated, considering differentiation into parts caused by the proliferation of annual psammophytes. The results of determining the species composition of vegetation on the sands during field research are presented. The accuracy of decryption exceeded 98 %

Integrated approach to prediction of dynamic phenomena in difficult geological conditions in coal mines using geophysical and satellite survey data

Integrated approach to prediction of dynamic phenomena in difficult geological conditions in coal mines using geophysical and satellite survey data

Использование космических изображений для калибровки системы линейных координат при геопространственном моделировании трубопроводов

The technique of geospatial modeling of pipeline systems, which is discussed in the article, is designed to use satellite survey data for calibration of a linear referencing system (LRS). It is proposed to use satellite images to determine the planned position of pipeline objects, which can act as calibration points. The article considers the features of using space images to determine the planned position of pipeline objects that can act as calibration points are considered. The technique of geospatial modeling of pipeline systems based on the use of LRS is based on the data of in-line inspections (ILI) in the formation and updating of geospatial models of pipeline systems. The use of such a technique makes it possible to independently detect pipeline defects by means of ILI and perform their localization in the geoinformation space with the help of LRS. The use of space-based images to increase the calibration points of the LRS makes it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of the position of defects in space. The novelty of the work lies in the refinement of the geopositioning of pipeline infrastructure objects by using linear coordinate systems in conjunction with space images, which was not proposed in previously published papers on this topic.

Computer modeling of territory flooding in the event of an emergency at Seredniodniprovska Hydroelectric Power Plant

Purpose. Computer modeling of territory flooding in the event of an emergency at Seredniodniprovska Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP). Methodology. The computer model of possible territory flooding at Seredniodniprovska HPP is developed using simulation modeling methods and geometric and hydrological approaches and considers initial boundary conditions of the water-engineering system. Calculations of the wave break height and the half-divided cross-sectional area of the river bed were made and a three-dimensional model of the territory flooding was built using the Python language and ArcGIS Desktop software. Findings. The data for each creation of the hydraulic node, namely the depth and width of the flooded territory, were calculated. This allowed analyzing the macro level considering the triangulation model of the surface. The wave break parameters and flaps (intersections) were taken into account in case of a dam break at a hydroelectric power plant or a rise in the water level. Amathematical model, and a 3D model were developed, and a forecast of the flood zone due to an emergency was made using satellite survey data. Originality. The mathematical method received further development for calculating flood territories in the event of an emergency at Seredniodniprovska Hydroelectric Power Plant, taking into account the parameters of the breakthrough wave and the calculation of cross-sections for the cases when a hydroelectric dam breaks or the water level rises; the method uses one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems of Saint-Venant equations, and geometric and hydrological approaches. A three-dimensional model of the territory flooding is developed to predict possible consequences. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to model the flooding of the territory located near dangerous hydro-technical objects, such as dams, dikes as well as to forecast flooded territories during the construction of drainage and protective structures.

Status of Crayfish Populations (<i>Astacidae</i>) on the Eastern Coast of the Caspian Sea

Aim . This work aims to study the distribution and stocks of crayfish on the eastern shelf of the Caspian Sea at places where they mostly habitat. Material and Methods . The studies were implemented in the spring and summer of 2019. The material was collected by scuba divers surveying routes of transects 100 m 2 in area. Collected crayfish were identified at species level, measured, weighed and their fertility was evaluated. Their abundance was calculated by estimating the aggregation density along the routes (ind./m 2 ), with subsequent recalculation for the biotope areas, which were identified using data from the Caspian Sea satellite monitoring. The stocks were estimated according to the size and weight characteristics of collected individuals. Results . Two astacid species inhabit the surveyed area: Pontastacus eichwald Bott – long‐clawed crayfish and Caspiastacus pachypus Rathke – thick‐clawed crayfish. Certain changes have occurred compared with archival data of the 1970s‐1990s. The range area has expanded and the abundance of C. pachypus has increased. The fertility of both C. pachypus and P. eichwald has reduced. Conclusion . The crayfish stocks in the surveyed area are of commercial importance. The application of satellite survey data greatly increases the objectivity of research.

Satellite Survey of Inner Seas: Oil Pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas

The paper discusses our studies of oil pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas. The research was based on a multi-sensor approach on satellite survey data. A combined analysis of oil film signatures in satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imagery was performed. Maps of oil spills detected in satellite imagery of the whole aquatic area of the Black Sea and the Middle and the Southern Caspian Sea are created. Areas of the heaviest pollution are outlined. It is shown that the main types of sea surface oil pollution are ship discharges and natural marine hydrocarbon seepages. For each type of pollution and each sea, regions of regular pollution occurrence were determined, polluted areas were estimated, and specific manifestation features were revealed. Long-term observations demonstrate that in recent years, illegal wastewater discharges into the Black Sea have become very common, which raises serious environmental issues. Manifestations of seabed hydrocarbon seepages were also detected in the Black Sea, primarily in its eastern part. The patterns of surface oil pollution of the Caspian Sea differ considerably from those observed in the Black Sea. They are largely determined by presence of big seabed oil and gas deposits. The dependence of surface oil SAR signatures on wind/wave conditions is discussed. The impact of dynamic and circulation processes on oil films drift and spread is investigated. A large amount of the data available allowed us to make some generalizations and obtain statistically significant results on spatial and temporal variability of various surface film manifestations.The examples and numerical data we provide on ship spills and seabed seepages reflect the influence of the pollution on the sea environment.

Зонирование территории Удмуртской Республики по категориям среды обитания охот-ничьих ресурсов на основе данных спутниковой съемки Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS

The paper comprises results of the Udmurtija Republic territory zoning by game resource habitat categories with specification of applied procedures, satellite survey data as well as prob-lems that can’t be addressed without additional sources of mapping and forest management in-formation. This paper applicability is not only in updated procedures of RS data analysis but in application of free available Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS satellite data that enables application of decod-ing experience in this paper for most European Russia territories.

Characteristics of the crustal magnetic anomaly and regional tectonics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the adjacent areas

Study of the characteristics of the crustal magnetic anomaly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the adjacent areas helps better understand the lithospheric structure and evolution, as well as the regional geodynamic processes. Here we analyze the distribution laws of the crustal magnetic anomaly and its vertical gradient, the decay characteristics of the anomaly, the contributions from different wavelength bands to the anomaly, and the relationship between the anomaly and the crustal regional tectonics in the plateau and nearby, based on a new and higher degree geomagnetic model NGDC-EMM-720-V3 constructed from the surface, aeromagnetic, marine and satellite survey data. The results reveal that the positive and negative anomalies in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are weak, while those of the surrounding areas are strong. The boundary agrees well with the border of the plateau regional tectonics. The anomaly is nearly east-west in the central and western plateau, arc-shaped in the southwestern and eastern, and nearly north-south in the southeastern, consistent with the tectonic trends. There are strong negative anomaly foci in the east and west syntaxis, whereas no significant differences exist among the Cenozoic blocks in the plateau interior. No direct correspondence exists between the anomaly and the crustal depth. On the background of a weak magnetic anomaly in the plateau, relatively stronger short wavelength fields from the shallower crust are overlapped in the Lhasa, Qilian, Qaidam, and Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic blocks. A strong negative anomaly in the east-west direction is distributed along the Himalayas, mainly caused by the middle and long wavelength bands in the deep and central crust. The magnetic structural layers are stable in the Sichuan and Tarim basins. The anomalies at different altitudes over the southern plateau vary strongly, showing a drastic variation in the magnetic structure from the deep crust to the shallow crust.

Detection of fast secular variations based on the data of satellite magnetic surveys

The usage of only the vector satellite survey data made it possible to detect rapidly developing anomalies of the secular variations with the foci in central Asia and Indian Ocean. It has been indicated that the field at the foci increased by several hundred nanoteslas for eight years. It is assumed that the origination of the foci was accompanied by jerks, which could be observed in this region in the mid-1990s. It is assumed that the increasing foci are the initial stage of the 60-year variation.

Space-time modeling of the main magnetic field by combined methods of spherical harmonic analysis and natural orthogonal components

A simple method for obtaining a space-time model of the main magnetic field from the high-precision satellite survey data is described. At the first stage, the CHAMP satellite data for one-day interval are expanded into the spherical harmonics with constant coefficients. This yields a set of daily mean spherical harmonic models (DMSHM) over the survey interval of a few years. At the second stage, the coefficients of this set are used as source data for expansion into the natural orthogonal components (NOC). It is shown that the terms of the NOC series decrease rapidly, and the accuracy of the space-time model of the main geomagnetic field over the time interval under discussion is not worse than the accuracy of the models obtained by traditional methods.

The IZMIRAN main magnetic field candidate model for IGRF-10, produced by a spherical harmonic-natural orthogonal component method

Abstract A simple method is proposed for constructing a space-time model of the main magnetic field based on the high-accuracy satellite survey data. At the first stage, we expand the CHAMP daily mean data into spherical harmonics with constant coefficients. It provides us with a series of the daily mean spherical-harmonic models (DMM) over a survey interval of several years, which are, then, expanded into the natural orthogonal components (NOC). It is shown that the NOC series converges rapidly, and that the accuracy of the space-time model over the time interval under consideration is no worse than the accuracy of the traditional models.