Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting Research Articles

2.64 GHz 단일 급전 안테나의 연구

본 논문에서는 위성 DMB용 슬롯을 가지는 단일 급전 형태의 마이크로스트립 안테나를 제안하고 안테나를 제작하여 특성을 분석하였다. 안테나의 특성 향상을 위하여 방사소자인 패치의 크기, 급전선 길이, 슬롯의 크기 등의 파라미터가 미치는 영향을 HFSS로 분석하였다. 설계 제작된 단일 급전 형태의 마이크로스트립 안테나는 측정결과 2.64GHz의 중심주파수와 최소 반사손실은 약 -34.67dB 그리고 -10dB 대역폭은 180MHz의 대역폭 특성을 각각 보여 주었다. In this paper, we proposed and fabricated the single feed microstrip patch antenna with slot for S-DMB(Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting). In order to improve of frequency properties, patch size, feed length, and slot size were investigated by HFSS simulation program. The manufactured single feed microstrip patch antenna with slot showed that the measured center frequency, the minimum return loss and -10dB bandwidth were 2.64GHz, -34.67dB and 180MHz, respectively.

위성 DMB 시스템을 이용한 위치 기반 서비스 구현

본 논문에서는 위성 DMB (satellite-digital multimedia broadcasting, S-DMB) 송수신 시스템을 이용한 위치 기반 서비스 (location based services, LBS) 구현 방법에 대하여 제안한다. S-DMB 송출 신호는 2 GHz 대역의 주파수를 사용하므로 직진성은 강하지만 회절성이 약한 특징을 갖고 있다. 따라서 S-DMB 시스템에서는 실내 및 지하 공간 등의 음영 지역이 다수 존재하게 되는데, 이러한 음영지역에서는 갭필러 (gap filler)라는 음영지역 중계기를 통해서 S-DMB 신호를 수신하게 된다. 이러한 갭필러의 식별정보 (gap filler ID)를 확인하면 갭필러가 설치된 지역을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 S-DMB 신호를 수신할 수 있는 단말기에서 S-DMB 파일럿 신호 중 갭필러 식별정보를 이용하여, 관심 위치 정보 등록, 목적지 도착 알림, 및 지역 정보 알림 기능 등의 LBS를 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 LBS 구현 방법의 성능을 검증하기 위한 실험에서는 S-DMB 수신칩이 갭필러 식별정보를 애플리케이션 프로세서 (application processor, AP)로 전달하도록 단말기의 펌웨어 (firmware)를 수정하여 LBS 구현 테스트를 진행하였다. In this paper, the implementation of location based services (LBS) using S-DMB (satellite-digital multimedia broadcasting) system was proposed. In S-DMB System, the frequency of transmitted signal is about 2 GHz which has a characteristics of strong straightness but weak diffraction so that there are many shade areas such as indoors and underground spaces. Therefore the signal transmitted from the satellite should be retransmitted by the earth repeaters called as gap filler. Because each gap filler has its own identification value, the gap filler ID introduces the area in which the gap filler was installed. Generally, the 51st data symbols of S-DMB pilot signal transmitted from the satellite are padded by dummy value and gap filler ID is embedded in this pilot symbol by the gap filler when S-DMB signals are retransmitted by gap fillers. So using gap filler ID of S-DMB system, LBS such as region registration, distance and time to destination, alarm of local area information could be implemented. In the experiment to prove the performance of the proposed LBS system using the gap filler ID of the S-DMB system, the firmware of S-DMB chip composing of RF and baseband parts was lightly modified so that application processor was able to manipulate the gap filler ID and the its related regional information.

Planning of gap filler networks in satellite DMB systems for wireless multimedia services

Satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (S-DMB) systems use gap fillers (GFs) to provide wireless multimedia services to non-line-of-sight locations. GFs act as repeaters, and S-DMB systems require GF networks in order to guarantee mobile reception. Fach GF covers a cell or sector. In order to provide contiguous coverage of an area comprising two or more cells or sectors, multiple GFs are needed. However, when multiple GFs are situated close to each other, interference is likely to occur. As a result, in this study, we have investigated system-level environments for planning the design of interference-free GF networks in S-DMB systems. Our investigations revealed that S-DMB services are unavailable because of quality deterioration caused by interference when the delay attributable to a GF and the satellite signals exceeds ±256 chips and the distance between the GF and its reception terminal is greater than 4.6 km. On the basis of this analysis, we conducted a field test that confirmed that the above-mentioned time delay can be controlled in such a way as to ensure high quality S-DMB services.

An overview of S‐DMB system and the testbed for satellite–mobile convergence services

AbstractThis paper presents the system and architecture of Satellite‐Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S‐DMB) in Korea. TU Media Corp., the S‐DMB service company, now delivers 21 video channels, 16 audio channels including premium channels to subscribers in Korea. This service provides a high quality of reception with full coverage for the Korean peninsular at travelling speeds of over 300 km/h. A testbed system has been developed to prove the viability of the satellite–mobile convergence services. In this paper, the S‐DMB system and testbed system are described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A stub-loaded perturbed monopole antenna for wireless USB dongles

A compact monopole antenna with a tuning stub for USB dongle applications is proposed. The proposed stub-loaded monopole antenna covers the WiBro, WLAN, WiMAX, and S-DMB (Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast) bands. The overall dimension of the fabricated antenna is 20 × 50 × 0.8 mm3. The measured −10 dB reflection bandwidths for two resonant frequencies are 25.5% (2105–2720 MHz) and 12.8% (5145–5848 MHz). The radiation patterns approximate an omni-directional pattern. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 3.67 dBi. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:519–523, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25760

메타 물질 기법을 이용한 전방향성 복사 패턴을 갖는 평면형 S-DMB 안테나 설계 및 구현

In this paper, a novel patch antenna based on the metamaterial CRLH(Composite Right- and Left-Handed) structure is designed, implemented, and measured. Contrary to the standard microstrip patch`s fundamental resonance mode of half-wavelength or its positive multiple, the proposed antenna shows the in-phase electric field over the entire antenna. The proposed antenna has a desired omni-directional field pattern which is typical characteristic of monopole antenna, and also shows the merit of low profile. HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) of Ansoft which is based on the FEM(Finite Element Method) is used to simulate the proposed antenna. FR-4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm and relative permitivity 4.4 is used for the proposed antenna implementation. The implemented antenna showed VSWR (Voltage Standarding Wave Ratio)2 for the frequency band from 2.63 GHz to 2.655 GHz which is used for S-DMB (Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) service. And measured peak gain and efficiency are 2.65 dBi and 81.14 %, respectively.

Hybrid single frequency network propagation channel sounding and antenna diversity measurements

AbstractDuring the last decade, several land mobile communication networks have been developed based on full satellite solutions such as Globalstar or Iridium systems or on huge terrestrial networks such as GSM for example. Deploying new terrestrial networks or new satellite constellations for new telecommunication or broadcast mobile systems on very large areas would be so expensive that another solution is now often considered: hybrid systems with a terrestrial segment to cover high‐density built‐up areas and a satellite segment to bring services to the largest part of coverage area. In the framework of Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting CNES project, such a hybrid mobile broadcast system was studied, in particular air interface performances. This performance assessment required a good knowledge of the hybrid single frequency network (SFN) propagation channel including a geostationary satellite and terrestrial gap fillers. The requirement for an exhaustive characterization of the hybrid SFN propagation channel involved the development of a specific channel sounding solution. Moreover, mobile telecommunication systems recently developed use spatial diversity techniques to take benefit from multipath spatial decorrelation in particular. The measurement of diversity gains in actual conditions can provide information very helpful for network deployment and air interface design. The CNES channel sounder enables to carry out such diversity measurements using only propagation data. This paper presents this channel sounder developed and used to measure the SFN radio propagation channel with four transmitters in spatial diversity configuration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Compact stub-loaded meander-line antenna for wireless USB dongle devices

A planar meander-line monopole antenna was designed for wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle devices. The proposed antenna shows dual-wideband resonant characteristics and supports the WiBro, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, and S-DMB (Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast) services. The designed antenna measures 19 × 50 × 1 mm3, which is suitable for compact USB dongles. The measured 2:1 bandwidths of the voltage standing wave ratio are 18.1% (2.26–2.71 GHz) and 16.4% (5.09–6.0 GHz). The measured peak gain is 3.49 dBi, and efficiency is higher than 56%. The radiation patterns are also nearly omni-directional. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2279–2282, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25430

Compact loop-coupled spiral antenna for multiband wireless USB dongles

A compact spiral antenna with a loop element for wireless USB dongle devices is proposed. The proposed loop-coupled spiral antenna covers the WiBro, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX and satellite digital multimedia broadcast (S-DMB) bands. The overall dimensions of the fabricated antenna are 10 × 50 × 1 mm, which is the most compact dimension among multiband USB dongle antennas reported to date. The measured -10 dB reflection bandwidths for two resonant frequencies are 19.0% (2.29 - 2.77 GHz) and 27.6% (4.55 - 6.01 GHz). The measured peak gain of the antenna is 3.92 dBi.

Circular hook-shaped wireless USB dongle antenna with an open stub

This research presents the design of a novel pentaband planar antenna for wireless USB dongle applications. The main radiator is comprised of a circular hook-shaped patch and a monopole stub to achieve dual-wideband operation. This novel pentaband antenna measures only 10 × 49.5 × 0.8 mm3. The measured 10dB return loss bandwidths of the fabricated antenna are 26.2% (2.29-2.98GHz) and 21.5% (5.12-6.35GHz), thereby supporting WiBro, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, and S-DMB (Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast) services. The gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna are also discussed.

A compact modified monopole type internal antenna for wireless USB dongle application

AbstractProposed within this document is a compact internal antenna intended for multiband operation. The antenna consists of two‐pronged elements with two stubs and has a comparatively small volume of 16 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm. The measured return loss of the designed antennas was >10 dB for wireless broadband (WiBro), wireless local area network (WLAN), world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and satellite digital multimedia broadcast (S‐DMB) frequency bands. A high‐quality radiation pattern and a reasonable antenna efficiency were obtained within the desired frequency band. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 198–201, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24878

Design of a dual‐mode annular ring antenna with a coupling feed

AbstractA dual‐mode annular ring antenna for both global positioning system (GPS) and satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (S‐DMB) is designed. The proposed antenna consists of a coupling feed line and four slots on an annular ring patch. A gap between the feed line and the annular ring patch is used for an input impedance matching; the slots are used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the TM21 mode at the DMB frequency. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The antenna resonates at the GPS and DMB frequencies with suitable bandwidths. It has a broadside radiation pattern in the GPS band and a conical beam radiation pattern in the DMB band. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3011–3013, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24796

Compact PIFA for Mobile Terminals Supporting Multiple Cellular and Non-Cellular Standards

A novel multiband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) covering ten frequency bands has been proposed for personal wireless communications terminals. The design is based on the combination of various techniques that are used for designing multiband/broadband antennas. We used a shorted parasitic patch efficiently coupled to the driven patch, a quarter-wave resonator connected to the feed strip in parallel with the main patch, and four slits in the main radiator to excite various current modes in the antenna structure. The antenna is designed within a volume of 4.0 times 2.0 times 0.8 cm3 and it can be used to serve the following wireless communication systems: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM-900), Digital Communications System (DCS), Personal Communication Service (PCS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), WiBro at 2.35 GHz, Bluetooth, Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (SDM-B) at 2.65 GHz, WiMAX at 3.5 GHz, and the two bands (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.875 GHz) for the wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested for input reflection coefficient and radiation performances. The measured and simulated results have been presented and discussed. Important geometrical parameters determining the multiband performances of the antenna have been explained in the paper.

Dual-wideband monopole antenna using a modified half-Sierpinski fractal gasket

A dual-wideband fractal monopole antenna for handheld terminals is proposed. A modified half-Sierpinski gasket patch is used to cover GPS, DCS1800, PCS1800, UMTS, IMT-2000, WiBro (Wireless Broadband Internet Service), Bluetooth, S-DMB (Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast) and WLAN bands. The proposed antenna exhibits two wideband frequency resonances. The measured −10 dB reflection bandwidths for two resonant frequencies are 55% (1517–2670 MHz) and 12.6% (5135–5828 MHz). The radiation characteristics and gain of the proposed antenna are also presented and discussed.

커플링 급전을 이용한 이중 모드 Annular Ring 안테나 설계

본 논문에서는 GPS와 위성 DMB에 사용할 수 있는 이중 모드 annular ring 패치 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안된 안테나는 커플링 급전과 annular ring 패치의 네 개의 슬롯을 특징으로 한다. 급전 선로와 패치 사이의 간격은 입력 임피던스를 조절하는 역할을 하고, 패치의 슬롯의 길이는 DMB 주파수에 해당하는 <TEX>$TM_{21}$</TEX> 모드의 공진 주파수를 조절하는 역할을 한다. 제안된 안테나를 제작 및 측정을 하였다. 제작된 안테나는 GPS와 DMB 주파수에서 만족할만한 대역폭을 가지고 공진을 일으키며, GPS 대역에서는 broadside 방사 패턴을 가지고 DCS 대역에서는 코니컬 빔 방사 패턴을 가진다. A dual-mode annular ring antenna for both global positioning system(GPS) and satellite digital multimedia broad-casting(DMB) is designed. The proposed antenna consists of a coupling feed line and four slots on the annular ring patch. The gap between the feed line and the annular ring patch is used for an input impedance matching, and the slot length is used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the <TEX>$TM_{21}$</TEX> mode at the DMB frequency. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the antenna resonants at the GPS and DMB frequencies with suitable bandwidths, and had a broadside radiation pattern at the GPS band and a conical beam radiation pattern at the DMB band.

An integrated packaging antenna‐diplexer module for cellular/SDMB bands with LTCC technology

AbstractThis article presents an integrated packaging antenna‐diplexer module for wireless communication system in the cellular and satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (SDMB) band. Multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology with integration capability was used in design and fabrication of the proposed module. To achieve a compact integration, an inverted‐F antenna (IFA) with a meander line and a diplexer composed of low‐pass filter (LPF) and high‐pass filter (HPF) was embedded. The proposed module with dimension of 27.5 × 12.0 × 2.2 mm3 operates over a range from 813 to 902 MHz for the cellular band and from 2586 to 2655 MHz for the SDMB band. An isolation level below −25 dB was obtained at each band. The measured gains of the fabricated module are −1.96 and −5.43 dBi, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1039–1043, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24244

Evaluation of Cooperative Diversity Techniques Using STC for Future S-DMB Services

This paper presents an evaluation of various cooperative diversity techniques applied to future satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (S-DMB) systems. The increasing importance of hybrid and/or integrated satellite and terrestrial networks is associated with the utilization of spatial diversity techniques such as antenna diversity using space-time coding. The space-time coding schemes can be expected to result in more diversity gain as the number of transmit antennas are increased. However, we cannot design a rate-1 scheme that achieves full diversity for more than two transmit antennas. To overcome this limitation, quasi-orthogonal schemes were proposed, at the expense of the decoder complexity and diversity gain. In this paper, we introduce an efficient quasi-orthogonal space time coding scheme, and evaluate various aspects associated with the application of the proposed scheme to satellite systems. The proposed scheme in this paper provides the full rate as well as maximum-likelihood decoding via simple linear detection.

Efficient packet scheduling for heterogeneous multimedia provisioning over broadband satellite networks: An adaptive multidimensional QoS‐based design

AbstractWith their inherent broadcast capabilities and reliable extensive geographical coverage, the broadband satellite networks are emerging as a promising approach for the delivery of multimedia services in 3G and beyond systems. Given the limited capacity of the satellite component, to meet the diverse quality of service (QoS) demands of multimedia applications, it is highly desired that the available resources can be adaptively utilized in an optimized way. In this paper, we draw our attention on the development and evaluation of an efficient packet scheduling scheme in a representative broadband satellite system, namely satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (SDMB), which is positioned as one of the most attractive solutions in the convergence of a closer integration with the terrestrial mobile networks for a cost‐effective delivery of point‐to‐multipoint services. By taking into account essential aspects of a successful QoS provisioning while preserving the system power/resource constraints, the proposed adaptive multidimensional QoS‐based (AMQ) packet scheduling scheme in this paper aims to effectively satisfy diverse QoS requirements and adaptively optimize the resource utilization for the satellite multimedia broadcasting. The proposed scheme is formulated via an adaptive service prioritization algorithm and an adaptive resource allocation algorithm. By taking into account essential performance criteria, the former is capable of prioritizing contending flows based on the QoS preferences and performance dynamics, while the latter allocates the resources, in an adaptive manner, according to the current QoS satisfaction degree of each session. Simulation results show that the AMQ scheme achieves significantly better performance than those of existing schemes on multiple performance metrics, e.g. delay, throughput, channel utilization and fairness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Octa-band internal monopole antenna for mobile phone applications

A low-profile monopole antenna covering the following frequency bands is proposed for mobile phone applications: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM-900), Digital Communication System (DCS), Personal Communication Services (PCS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wireless Broadband (WiBro), Bluetooth, Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) frequency bands in the 5.0 GHz range. Multiple resonators in a compact configuration have been used to realise the octa-band internal antenna within a volume of 2.08 cm3 that is very attractive for multifunctional slim handsets. Measured performances of a prototype antenna have been compared to predicted results.

A Cross-Layer Delay Differentiation Packet Scheduling Scheme for Multimedia Content Delivery in 3G Satellite Multimedia Systems

The design of efficient packet scheduling algorithms, which play a key role in the radio resource management (RRM), is crucial for the multimedia delivery in the satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (SDMB) system. In this paper, a novel packet scheduling scheme, which uses the cross-layer approach in its design, is proposed. This scheme comprises a new service prioritization algorithm and a dynamic rate matching based resource allocation algorithm, aimed at utilizing both the applications' QoS attributes and the physical layer data rate information. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated via simulation. In comparison with existing schemes, the proposed scheme achieves significant performance gain on delay, delay variation and physical channel utilization.