Sargassum Oligocystum Research Articles

Anti-diabetic effects of Sargassum oligocystum on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

Objective(s):Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome which is associated with the worldwide major public health problems. There are many natural compounds from the sea-market, as a valuable aquatic source, along with the variety of health and therapeutic benefits. In the present research, with respect to the traditional and ethnic uses of Sargassum oligocystum algae for healing of some diseases which have similar metabolic mechanism to the diabetes, its anti-diabetic effects in animal model was proposed.Materials and Methods:The animals (rat) were divided into the normal control, diabetic control, positive control and, the test groups. The test groups were gavaged with oral doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg of algae hydroalcoholic extracts. After 30 days of intervention the serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC, insulin, insulin resistance, β-cells function and, the histopathology of pancreatic tissue were evaluated.Results:In animals that were fed with algae extracts a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and HOMA-IR and an increase in the HOMA-B with no significant impacts on the insulin, cholesterol and HDL were observed. Also, the histopathology evaluations in the groups which were treated with algae extract revealed the regeneration and reconstitution of damaged pancreatic β-cells.Conclusion:The results give evidence that, the S. oligocystum algae extract has a healing effect on diabetes which can be considered as a new research prospect for the natural therapy of diabetes.

Endogenous molecules released by haemocytes receiving Sargassum oligocystum extract lead to downstream activation and synergize innate immunity in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei haemocytes receiving immunostimulating Sargassum oligocystum extract (SE) caused necrosis in haemocyte cells, which released endogenous EM-SE molecules. This study examined the immune response of white shrimp L. vannamei receiving SE and EM-SE in vitro and in vivo. Shrimp haemocytes receiving SE exhibited degranulation, changes in cell size and cell viability, necrosis and a release of EM-SE. Shrimp haemocytes receiving SE, EM-SE, and the SE + EM-SE mixture (SE + EM-SE) increased their phenoloxidase (PO) activity which was significantly higher in shrimp haemocytes receiving the SE + EM-SE mixture. Furthermore, shrimp haemocytes receiving EM-SE showed degranulation and changes in cell size and cell viability. Shrimp receiving SE, EM-SE, and SE + EM-SE all increased their immune parameters, phagocytic activity, clearance efficiency and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus, being significantly higher in shrimp receiving SE + EM-SE. Meanwhile, the recombinant lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan binding protein of L. vannamei (rLvLGBP) was bound to SE, EM-SE, and SE + EM-SE. We conclude that in shrimp haemocytes receiving a non-self molecule, SE in dying cells released EM-SE which led to downstream activation and synergization of the immune response. This study demonstrated that the innate immunity of shrimp was elicited and enhanced by a mixture of endogenous molecules and exogenous substances (or immunostimulants).

Treatment of chromium-laden aqueous solution using CaCl2-modified Sargassum oligocystum biomass: Characteristics, equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Biosorption properties of a CaCl2-modified Sargassum oligocystum algae biomass for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, and temperature were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mapping test, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and specific surface area were used to assess the physico-chemical properties the biosorbent. The surface area of biosorbent was found to be 35.64 m2/g. FTIR test revealed that the active groups of -OH, -NH2, -C-H, C-O, -C-N, and S=O were present on the surface of CaCl2-modified S. oligocystum biomass. The kinetic behavior of the chromium biosorption by modified S. oligocystum biomass followed well pseudo-second order kinetic (R2>0.999). The biosorption equilibrium occurred at 100th min of contact time. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of Cr(VI) onto modified S. oligocystum biomass. According to the RL and n parameters of the studied isotherms, the Cr(VI) biosorption process was physical and desirable. The chromium biosorption capacity of modified S. oligocystum biomass was found to be 34.46mg/g. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG o , ΔH o , and ΔS o ) indicated that the biosorption of Cr(VI) onto modified S. oligocystum biomass algae was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under examined conditions.

Seasonal variation in nutritional composition and anti-proliferative activity of brown seaweed, Sargassum oligocystum

This study investigated the nutritional components and anti-proliferative activity of Sargassum oligocystum against an adriamycin-resistant human small cell lung carcinoma cell line (GLC4/Adr). The seaweed samples were collected from Nang Rong Beach, Chonburi Province, Thailand in February (the hot/dry season), May (the early monsoon season), August (the monsoon season) and December (the cool/dry season) of 2012. In general, the nutritional composition of S. oligocystum was high during the hot dry and early monsoon season. Additionally, four different types of extract were obtained: ethanolic extract (E1), lipophilic extract (E2), acidic extract (E3) and alkali extract (E4). The highest anti-proliferative activity was found in samples collected during the monsoon season. It is noteworthy that the E2 extract collected during the monsoon season was the most effective, with an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 2.52 ± 0.54 μg mL−1. The anti-proliferative activity showed a positive correlation with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in the extracts. However, there were no clear correlations between the total phenolic or fucoxanthin contents and anti-proliferative activity. These results indicate that S. oligocystum has potential as an alternative source for functional food or cancer treatments in the future.

Hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum Oligocystum attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by potentiating antioxidant activity in mice

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of Sargassum oligocystum extract on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure and the contribution of antioxidant capacity of this alga to its antiepileptic effect. MethodsA dose of 100mg/kg PTZ was used to induce the seizure in the male albino mice. Extract of Sargassum oligocystum in four doses (100, 200, 400 and 600mg/kg), diazepam (5mg/kg) and the vehicle were used 30min before the injection of PTZ (n=8). The onsets of clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, as well as the latency of death of animals, were recorded and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase level were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. ResultsSargassum oligocystum extract at the doses of 400 and 600mg/kg significantly increased the latency of clonic and tonic-clonic seizures. Also, at the doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg significantly increased the TAC. Moreover, Sargassum oligocystum at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg increased the SOD activity and at the doses of 400 and 600mg/kg increased the catalase level in neural cells compared with the vehicle-treated group. ConclusionSargassum oligocystum extract inhibited PTZ-induced seizure. Attenuation of oxidative stress may partly be responsible for the anticonvulsant effects of this alga in the PTZ-induced seizures. Therefore, marine algae, especially Sargassum oligocystum, may be a valuable target to discover new antiepileptic drugs.

Morphogenesis and growth in the early life stages of Sargassum oligocystum Montagne from fertilized eggs to juveniles examined in culture

Morphogenesis and growth in the early life stages of <i>Sargassum oligocystum</i> Montagne from fertilized eggs to juveniles examined in culture

Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Selected Seaweeds from the Kenya Coast

The aim of the study was to determine the chemical and functional properties of five Kenyan seaweed species namely; (Hypnea musciformis, Eucheuma denticulatum, Laurencia intermedia, Sargassum oligocystum, Ulva fasciata) as a potential fat replacer in chicken sausage processing. The proximate composition was investigated using the standard AOAC methods, while the nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was determined by weight difference of the proximate components. The seaweeds were analyzed for mineral composition using atomic absorption spectrophotometry while the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. The water holding capacity and the emulsion capacity of the seaweed were determined using AACC procedures. The highest proximate component was NFE (65.06 %) while the least was crude fat (0.87 %). Among the nine minerals analyzed, calcium was the highest (1185.29 mg/100g) while lead was not detected. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the highest with a range of 53.03-71.05 % followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (4.83-17.71%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (2.75 - 10.13%). The highest emulsifying activity was obtained in Ulva fasciata (75.66 %) and Eucheuma denticulatum (75.69 %) while the lowest was obtained in Sargassum oligocystum (59.19 %). The highest water holding capacity was obtained in Sargassum oligocystum (13.75ml/g) while the lowest was recorded in Eucheuma denticulatum (8.42ml/g) and Ulva fasciata (9.16ml/g). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of seaweeds in improving the chemical and functional characteristics of processed foods.

Effect of Sargassum oligocystum Hot-Water Extract on Innate Immune Response and Survival of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus to Vibrio harveyi Challenge

The present study evaluated the effects of hot-water extract of a brown seaweed Sargassum oligocystum on the non-specific immune response and survival of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, to Vibrio harveyi bacterial challenge. Fish were either immersed in 100 or 500 mg/L or injected with 0.1 or 0.5 mg per fish of the hot-water extract. The innate humoral (lysozyme, plasma protein, bactericidal activity), cellular (respiratory burst, hematocrit), and disease resistance to Vibrio harveyi infection were determined. Results showed that all the experimental treatments either by injection or immersion, significantly enhanced respiratory burst activity and hematocrit values of the fish. In the experiment, all the treatments of hot-water extract significantly affected the lysozyme, plasma protein, and bactericidal activity of the experimental fish from days 1 to 5 after delivery. Following the bacterial challenge mortality decreased significantly in all treated groups. In summer flounder, administration of hot-water extract of S. oligocystum either by injection or immersion was found to be an immunoprophylactic for finfish aquaculture. The efficacy of using hot-water extract as a feed supplement or feed additive needs further examination.

The Potential of Sargassum oligocystum Harvested From Persian Gulf for the Adsorption of Copper Ions From Aqueous Solutions

This study revealed the potential of a brown alga, Sargassum oligocystum, harvested from Persian Gulf for the Cu 2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm and the characteristics of the biomass prepared from S. oligocystum (BSO) were investigated. The BSO was a mesoporous adsorbent with Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area, a total pore volume, and an average pore diameter of 0.487 m 2 /g, 1.423 cm 3 /g and 12.5 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that there were many active functional groups such as alcohol and phenol groups, carbonyl, ethers, and esters on the BSO. Batch tests demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherm model best represented the equilibrium data with maximum copper ions adsorption capacity of 8.23 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to satisfactory describe the adsorption process. BSO is an easy-prepared adsorbent and could be an option for the treatment of Cu 2+ -laden wastewaters.

Effect of storage time on phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity of six Sargassum species from Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam

The phlorotannin content and the total antioxidant, reducing power and DPPH free-radical-scavenging activities in relation to postharvest storage time of six Sargassum species (Sargassum mcclurei, Sargassum polycystum, Sargassum oligocystum, Sargassum serratum, Sargassum aquifolium, and Sargassum denticarpum) commonly found growing in the tropical marine area of Nhatrang, Khanhhoa Province, Viet Nam, were investigated. The results showed that phlorotannin content with total antioxidant and reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging of Sargassum aquifolium species were the highest, corresponding to 6.770 ± 0.001 mg phlorotannin g−1 DW, 6.1290 ± 0.0200 mg ascorbic acid g−1 DW, 19.7210 ± 0.0300 mg FeSO4 g−1 DW and 76.28 ± 0.20 % of 25 μg DPPH mL−1 extract. The change (decline) of phlorotannin content with antioxidant activities in Sargassum polycystum occurs the fastest. The storage time of the algae descends in the following species order such as S. oligocystum > S. mcclurei, S. aquifolium > S. serratum > S. denticarpum > S. polycystum.

Baseline concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in Sargassum from the northern Gulf

This baseline study highlights the 210Po and 210Pb concentration in two species of the benthic macroalgae Sargassum from northern Gulf, also known as the ROPME Sea Area (RSA). Within the marine environment, 210Po is initially absorbed from water and concentrated by phytoplankton and macroalgae, and this concentrated 210Po can then readily be passed along to the higher trophic level of the marine food web. The 210Po concentration measured in Sargassum boveanum (22.5–25.6Bqkg−1) was higher than that in Sargassum oligocystum (20.2–22.5Bqkg−1), but is not statistically significant (p>0.064), where as the difference between 210Pb concentrations in Sargassum boveanum (15.3–16.8Bqkg−1) and Sargassum oligocystum (18.4–22.0Bqkg−1) was statistically significant (p>0.019). The measured concentration factor for 210Po in Sargassum in the northern Gulf varied between 0.55 and 1.2×104, values higher to the IAEA recommended value of 1×103. The 210Po enrichment is observed in both the species of Sargassum,210Po/210Pb ratio was >1 at all the stations for all the samples.

Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes to Evaluate Parrotfish Diet

With limited inconclusive data provided by gut content analysis, stable isotope analysis has recently emerged to validate trophic position and dietary intake. In this study, a dual isotope approach was used to reveal parrotfish feeding. Comparisons of δ13C and δ15N values of muscle and liver among yellow barred (Scarus dimidiatus), rosy cheek (S. psittacus), and blue-barred (S. ghobban) parrotfishes from Canigao Island, Matalom, Leyte were made to track dietary shifting and to compare dietary carbon intake. Trophic assignment was based on the assumption that consumers are enriched by a factor of 3-4‰ for δ15N, relative to their diet. The δ13C values of muscle tissues of the three species of parrotfish were significantly higher (p=0.001) than those of their liver suggesting dietary shifting. The δ13C values of both muscle and liver tissues of S. dimidiatus were significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher than those of S. psittacus and S. ghobban, but δ13C values of muscle and liver of S. psittacus and S. ghobban did not vary significantly. These mean that S. dimidiatus have different long term and recent dietary carbon intake compared to the other two species, while S. psittacus and S. ghobban have relatively the same dietary carbon intake. Considering the 1‰ δ13C trophic enrichment of consumers relative to their diet, possible dietary carbon sources of the sampled parrotfish include Dendronephthya spp., Ulva reticulata, Sargassum oligocystum, Dictyota sp., Digenea sp., Chlorodesmis sp., and Sargassum muticum suggesting that parrotfishes are generalist consumers. Mean stable isotope nitrogen ratios of S. dimidiatus (5.9‰), S. psittacus (6.9‰) and S. ghobban (6.7‰) together with their carbon isotope ratios confirmed that all sampled parrotfish species are generalist primary consumers.

Effect of pretreatment conditions of brown algae by supercritical fluids on yield and structural characteristics of fucoidans

The effect of various pretreatment conditions of brown algae Fucus evanescens, Saccharina japonica, and Sargassum oligocystum on the yield and structural characteristics of fucoidans was studied. The conditions included extraction by aqueous EtOH (70%) and supercritical CO2 with 5% EtOH as solvent and without it. It was shown that highly pure fucoidans from each alga species were similar in yield and structural characteristics for various pretreatment conditions. The exception was 5% EtOH as co-solvent for pretreatment with supercritical CO2, which enabled only highly sulfated fucoidan fractions with homogeneous monosaccharide compositions to be selectively obtained.

Sterols from Sargassum oligocystum, a brown algae from the Persian Gulf, and their bioactivity

Sargassum oligocystum (Heterokontophyta) is one of the most abundant algae distributed in the Persian Gulf. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of this algae on brine shrimp larvae were evaluated and the main sterols of the algae identified. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using silica gel column chromatography and HPLC to obtain eight pure compounds, 1–8. Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and EI-MS. The compounds separated from S. oligocystum were identified as 22-dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), 29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinylcholesterol (5), a mixture of 24(S)-hydroxy-24-vinylcholesterol (6) and 24(R)-hydroxy-24-vinylcholesterol (7), and ostreasterol (8) based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.

Bioactivity and sterols from Gracilariopsis Persica and Sargassum oligocystum

Gracilariopsis Persica (Rhodophyta) and Sargassum oligocystum (Heterokontophyta) are two of the most abundant algae from Persian Gulf (1). In this study the cytotoxic effects of the mentioned algae on the Brine Shrimp Larvae (BSA) were evaluated (2) and the main sterols were identified. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried on silica gel column chromatography and HPLC to obtain 4 pure compounds 1–4. Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The separated compounds from G. Persica were identified as cholesterol (1), 22-dehydrocholesterol (2) and the isolated constituents from S. oligocystum were identified as cholesterol (1), 22-dehydrocholesterol (2), fucosterol (3) and ostreasterol (4) based on the spectral data compared to those reported in literatures (3). The results of BSA indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of G. Persica showed a cytotoxic effect against A. salina nauplii (LC50=4µg/ml). The MeOH extract of G. Persica showed no activity but the aqueous methanol extract was less effective (LC50=40µg/ml) compared to berberine hydrochloride as a positive control (LC50=26µg/ml). The chloroform extract of S. oligocystum showed a cytotoxicty effect against A. salina nauplii (LC50=159µg/ml).

The macroalgal component in monospecific seagrass beds from Papua New Guinea

Macroalgae associated with 9 seagrass beds have been studied qualitatively and quantitatively, according to a modified Braun-Blanquet scale. The diversity and abundance of benthic marine algae increased with variability of hard stabilized substrata. The spatial pattern of macroalgae coincided with 3 physiographic units: the “inner” reef flat, with a dominance of Sargassum oligocystum Mont. and a sub-dominance of Cystophyllum trinode (Forsk.) J. Ag., Padina tenuis (Bory) Wom. & Bail. and Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber-van Bosse; the “middle” reef flat showed an abundance of seagrasses (mainly Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. and Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb. and Hempr. ex. Aschers.) and 2 macroalgae ( Champia parvula (C.Ag.) Harv. and Hypnea boergesenii Tanaka); and the “outer” reef flat dominated by Turbinaria spp., Sargassum spp. and Hormophysa triquetra (L.) Kütz. The temporal pattern of benthic macroalgae varied with location and was related to the availability of suitable substrata. More than 100 species have been found, with as many as 67 species in a Thalassia-Montipora community and as few as 16 in a meadow of Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Aschers. and Magnus. Year-to-year changes in the floristic composition and abundance are presented for 3 localities.