Sargassum Ilicifolium Research Articles

Effect of dietary seaweed (Gracilaria pulvinata and Sargassum ilicifolium) on growth, immune and antioxidant responses, and muscle fatty acid composition of Sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta)

Effect of dietary seaweed (Gracilaria pulvinata and Sargassum ilicifolium) on growth, immune and antioxidant responses, and muscle fatty acid composition of Sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta)

Study on Phytochemical Composition, Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Using Sargassum ilicifolium

Nanotechnology involves producing nanoscale materials with specific properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have potential applications in various fields. Due to toxic chemicals and environmental concerns, green methods using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae have been adopted. An emerging area of nanotechnology is the green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological systems, particularly seaweed extracts. The green synthesis method has synthesized the zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium. The algal extract has greatly reduced the zinc acetate dihydrate salt solution to form zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized zinc oxide (Zn-O) nanoparticles have been confirmed through Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Raman spectroscopy, UltraViolet (UV)- Visible (Vis) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study used Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) to examine the size and shape of the Zn-O nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and UltraViolet-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Zn-O nanoparticles. The SEM results exhibited a range of 24.4 nm to 83.4 nm. The occurrence of Zn-O nanoparticles was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy with peaks at 276.98 cm-1, 414.67 cm-1, 462.03 cm-1, 514.99 cm-1, and 998.28cm-1 and UltraViolet-Vis spectroscopy with peak at 370 nm. The present study also deals with the qualitative phytochemical constituent analysis using the aqueous extracts of Sargassum ilicifolium. Alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and saponins were analyzed. Anthraquinone, anthocyanin, vitamin C, quinone, and phlobatannins were considered absent in the aqueous extract.

Comparative study on the extraction methods, characterization, and bioactivity of crude fucoidan, a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum ilicifolium

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide known for its anticancer, immunomodulant, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity is abundant in brown seaweeds. Sargassum ilicifolium, a brown alga, was not extensively explored for fucoidan extraction using different methods and assessments of their impact on its structural and therapeutic characteristics. This study aimed to compare the structural features, biological activity, solubility, and emulsification characteristics of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum ilicifolium using conventional and ultrasonic bath extraction. The ultrasonic bath extraction method was 2.5 times higher than the conventional method to extract fucoidan. The structural integrity of fucoidan obtained by both methods was compared using FTIR, 1HNMR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and DSC. The monosaccharide composition of fucoidan was determined by TLC. The IC50 values for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects on oral cancer cells were found to be significantly lesser for crude fucoidan of S. ilicifolium obtained by ultrasonic bath method than for conventional extraction. Furthermore, fucoidan from the alga has emulsifying and water-holding characteristics which supports its potential use in the food processing industries.

Bioactive compounds and DPPH antioxidant activity of underutilized macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) from coastal water of Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract. Widyaswari SG, Metusalach, Kasmiati, Amir N. 2024. Bioactive compounds and DPPH antioxidant activity of underutilized macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) from coastal water of Makassar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 176-182. This study focuses on determining the chemical component and potential of two species of macroalgae (seaweed) Sargassum spp., i.e., Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium from the coastal waters of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Several macroalgae are highly cultivated and exported; however, these species of Sargassum remain underutilized due to limited studies on their potential. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae), especially Sargassum spp., contain secondary metabolites known for their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects, inhibiting oxidative stress, lowering blood pressure, and improving the immune system. The investigation analyzes the nutritional components and bioactive substances in Sargassum spp. harvested from the Makassar City coastal waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nutritional content was analyzed using proximate analysis. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method by Harborne method. Antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH method. Total phenolic/flavonoid content based on spectrophotometric method. The investigation reveals the primary chemical composition of Sargassum polycystum showing the presence of valuable secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, and reactive saponins. Sargassum ilicifolium contains flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, tannins, and steroids. The IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of S. polycystum and S. ilicifolium were 51.34 ppm and 51.25 ppm, respectively. The compounds in these seaweeds might be beneficial in promoting health. These findings suggest the possibility of underutilized seaweeds as a natural source of antioxidants in food and non-food industries.

Effect of Dietary Seaweed (Gracilaria pulvinata and Sargassum ilicifolium) on Serum and Mucosal Immunity, Some Growth and Immune‐Related Genes Expression, Antioxidant Status, and Fatty Acid Profile in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)

This study was done to appraise the effects of the combination of dietary Gracilaria pulvinata and Sargassum ilicifolium on growth, immunity, and fatty acid profile in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). A total of 540 juveniles (36.06 ± 0.05 g) were stocked into eighteen 200 L tanks and divided into six experimental treatments, each in triplicate. Fish were fed diets containing 0 (control), 3% (SW3), 6% (SW6), 9% (SW9), 12% (SW12), and 15% (SW15) mixtures of both seaweeds powder in equal proportions (1 : 1) for 56 days. There was no improvement in weight gain parameters. Serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities in SW9 and SW12 treatments were significantly higher in compare to other treatments. The highest activities of skin mucus lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and total protease were observed in the SW12. Liver igf-1, il-1β, il-8, and lysozyme expression showed a rising trend up to SW9 and then decreased. Liver antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione content showed a similar pattern of changes. Liver total antioxidant capacity was highest in the SW9 treatment, while the lowest value of liver malondialdehyde was observed in the 12% seaweed treatment. The amount of total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid, was higher in the SW12 and SW15 treatments in compare to others. Our findings suggest that adding 9%–12% of Gracilaria and Sargassum seaweed powder to the diet improves serum and mucosal immunity, antioxidant status, and fatty acid profile in L. calcarifer juveniles.

Phytochemical, amino acid and fatty acid profile of selected brown and red seaweed species from Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India

An investigation was made on the proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids of the brown seaweeds; Padina gymnospora, Padina pavonica, Dictyota ciliolata, Sargassum wightii, and Sargassum ilicifolium, and red seaweeds; Gracilaria crassa, Gelidiella acerosa, Amphiroa fragilissima, Hypnea musciformis, and Halymenia venusta from the Mandapam region, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India. Phytochemical analysis revealed totally 157 metabolites, among them, the solvent-extracts of the G. acerosa and S. wightii revealed maximum of phytochemical constituents. The analyses of seaweeds revealed the wide variations of carbohydrate (22.2–3.2%), protein (29.0–12.6%), and lipid (0.09–0.03%). And the highest values of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid were found in the S. wightii, D. ciliolata, and H. musciformis respectively. While the HPTLC analysis of the seaweeds revealed the presence of amino acids (essential: histidine, lysine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, and taurine, and non-essential: alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, arginine, and serine), the GC-MS analysis showed the presence of two saturated (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and four unsaturated (oleic acid, linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and morotic acid) - fatty acids. Further studies are required to evaluate the application of seaweeds in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

In vitro evaluation of the anticancer potential of betulin, isolated from the seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium, against Hep-2, THP-1 and HeLa cell lines

In vitro evaluation of the anticancer potential of betulin, isolated from the seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium, against Hep-2, THP-1 and HeLa cell lines

Analysis of the chemical, nutrient and physicochemical properties of brown macroalgae, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from Mandapam coast, Rameshwaram

Analysis of the chemical, nutrient and physicochemical properties of brown macroalgae, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from Mandapam coast, Rameshwaram

Anticancer and antimicrobial activity of three different seaweed extracts

In the present study, antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic activities of three seaweeds Gracilaria corticata (red algae), Ulva lactuca (green algae) and Sargassum ilicifolium (brown algae) were reported. Among the three algal extracts screened for antibacterial activity, the acetone extract of all the three algae showed moderate antibacterial activity on Gram positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis and Gram negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa but no activity was observed on M. luteus and S. typhi. The cytotoxic activity of three seaweeds was studied using MTT assay on MCF-7 cell lines. G.corticata showed highest inhibition percent (51.13±0.25) when compared to U. lactuca (35.63±0.70) and S. ilicifolium (31.56±0.54). Among the three solvents tested, methanol was found to be the most suitable solvent for the extraction of compounds.

Diversity, distribution and seasonal variation of seaweeds in Southwest coast of Peninsular India

Six different research locations around the southwest coasts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were used for the current investigations on the diversity, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of seaweeds (India). A total of 73 Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta were recorded under 23 families and 38 genera. The study site Rasthakaadu (53) was with the maximum number of seaweeds followed by Kanniyakumari (51). Out of six study sites, four study sites (Rasthakaadu, Kanniyakumari, Muttom, Kurumpanai) were dominant with Rhodophyta in contrast to the other two study sites (Vallavilai, Vizhinjam) in which Chlorophyta was dominant. Chlorophyta such as Chaetomorpha antannina, C. indica, C. media, Ulva fasciata, U. lactuca, brown seaweeds Sargassum ilicifolium and red seaweed Gracilariopsis longissima were commonly seen in the study area. Chaetomorpha indica (Chlorophyceae) was recorded as the most dominant species in season I, whereas Sargassum ilicifolium (Phaeophyaceae) was considered as the most dominant seaweed taxon in seasons II and III. The seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of seawater had much influence on the growth of seaweeds. Comparing the eastern Coromandel Coast of peninsular India to the western Malabar Coast, it has been found from the current study that the eastern Coromandel Coast was rich in seaweed. Moreover, the study shows that the topography and seasonal change of the physicochemical characteristics of seawater at a given site were the key determinants of seaweed richness. Anthropogenic activities, like Nuclear power plants (Koodankulam), sand mining, construction works, dumping of plastics etc., also affected the potential growth of seaweeds thereby reducing the sustainability of the natural resource.

Macroalgae Improve the Growth and Physiological Health of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

This study compared and evaluated the effects of nine native macroalgae species on the tropic coast of China on the growth and physiological health performance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Nine hundred juvenile shrimps weighing 1.6 ± 0.02 g were fed with nine different types of macroalgae for 28 days. The experimental groups were as follows: Con (the diet without macroalgae), CRA (Caulerpa racemosa), CLA (Caulerpa lentillifera), CSS (Caulerpa sertularioides), CLM (Chaetomorpha linum), ULA (Ulva lactuca), GBE (Gracilaria bailiniae), ASA (Acanthophora spicifera), SVC (Sargassum ilicifolium var. conduplicatum), and BGE (Betaphycus gelatinae). Results showed that the growth performance of shrimps fed on the macroalgae meals was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The immune defense capacity (total hemocyte count, phagocytosis respiratory bursts, prophenoloxidase system, hemagglutination activity, and antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities) and antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde) of L. vannamei fed on macroalgae meals were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Specifically, the shrimps in the ASA group had the significantly higher physiological health level than shrimps in the other macroalgae groups ( P < 0.05 ), and the expression of immune and antioxidation-related genes was also significantly higher in the ASA group ( P < 0.05 ). Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that optimal growth and physiological health efficacy were observed in the ASA group. In summary, this study suggested dietary manipulation using macroalgae to improve the growth performance, immune performance, and antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei, with the optimal macroalgae for the diet being Acanthophora spicifera.

Biogas production from <i>Sargassum ilicifolium</i>: Solution for the golden tides in Quintana Roo, Mexico

With fossil fuels being the primary source of energy in today’s world, different types of biofuels and bioenergy have been proposed to reduce our reliance on them.<b> </b>In recent years, Mexico has been suffering from the overaccumulation of the macroalgae species known as <i>Sargassum</i> on its Caribbean coastal shoreline. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage of Sargassum as feedstock for an anaerobic digestion system. First, batch experiments were conducted to understand the methane yield of the <i>Sargassum</i>. The results showed that the <i>Sargassum ilicifolium</i> has a low methane yield. According to other studies, food waste can show up to 410 NmL/g-VS while <i>Sargassum</i> shows 177 NmL/g-VS. We chose thermal and ultrasound pretreatments for this research to increase the methane yield. Both thermal and ultrasound pretreatments showed a 10% and 43% increase in methane yields. Mexico has a vast production of agricultural products. Therefore, we tried co-digestion with corn. Results showed that methane yields of corn, <i>Sargassum,</i> and co-digestion are 268, 177, and 211 NmL/g-VS, respectively. These results may lead to a better understanding of the utilization of Sargassum as biomass in Mexico.

A novel therapeutic effect of mannitol-rich extract from the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium using in vitro and in vivo models

BackgroundWound healing is an active, complex, integrated series of cellular, physiological, and biochemical changes initiated by the stimulus of injury in a tissue. The present study was performed to investigate the potential wound healing abilities of Sargassum ilicifolium crude extracts (CE) that were characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR Spectrometric measurements.Materials and methodsSeaweed samples were collected from southern coastal sites of Sri Lanka. To determine the cytotoxicity and proliferation of S. ilicifolium CE were used for the MTT and alamarBlue assays respectively. The scratch and exclusion wound models were used to HaCaT and HDF cells to assess the cell proliferation and migration. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) were used to evaluate Nitric Oxide (NO) production and phagocytosis activities. Moreover, Fifteen, 8-week-old, female, New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into five groups: excision skin wounds (10.40 ± 0.60 mm) were induced in groups I, II, and III. Rabbits in groups I and IV were given S. ilicifolium CE (orally, 100 mg/kg day, two weeks), whereas groups II and V were given equal amounts of distilled water. Wound healing properties were measured and wound tissue samples were collated, formalin-fixed, wax-embedded, stained (Hematoxylin and Eosin; Van Gieson) and examined for the healing process.ResultsAnti-inflammatory and wound healing activities were observed in RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts when compared to the control groups. S. ilicifolium extracts concentration 8 - 4 μg/μL, (P<0.05) had remarkable the highest proliferative and migratory effects on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells when compared with the control. RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and/or migration were higher in S. ilicifolium extracts (4 μg/μL, 232.8 ± 10.07%) compared with the control (100 %). Scratch wound healing were remarkably enhanced in 24 h, 48 h (P<0.05) when treated with S. ilicifolium on HaCaT cells. Rabbits treated with the CE of S. ilicifolium showed a significantly increased wound healing activities (P<0.05) within three days with a close wound area of 57.21 ± 0.77 % compared with control group (26.63 ± 1.09 %). Histopathology, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels evidenced no toxic effects on seaweed treated groups. Histopathological results also revealed that the healing process was significantly faster in the rabbit groups which were as treated with CE of S. ilicifolium orally with the evidence of enhanced early granulation tissue (connective tissue and angiogenesis) and significant epithelization compared to the control.ConclusionsCell proliferation and migration are significantly faster when treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts. Moreover, there are no toxic effect of S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cell lines. In this study, it is revealed that S. ilicifolium has potential remedial agent; D-Mannitol for skin wound healing properties that by promote keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration. These findings show that S. ilicifolium have promising wound healing properties.

Extraction and Characterization of Fucoidan Derived from Sargassum ilicifolium and Its Biomedical Potential with In Silico Molecular Docking

Fucoidan, a polymer derived from seaweed, poses a broad range of biological applications, and its potential medicinal benefits have been widely studied over the past decade. In this study, fucoidan was extracted from marine macroalga Sargassum ilicifolium and its bioactive potential for in silico molecular docking was investigated. Additionally, the computational in silico docking studies were applied on the fucoidan against anticancer and antioxidant target proteins by using Glide ligand docking, Schrodinger software. The FT-IR analysis revealed that fucoidan mainly consisted of the fucose residues (59.1%) and a few monosaccharides, such as uronic acid (11.7%) and sulphate (18.3%). The in vitro tests revealed that fucoidan possessed various antioxidative properties and anticoagulant activities. Fucoidans played an inhibitory role in the colony formation of HepG2 cells. The NADPH oxidase (−7.169 Kcal/mol) and cellular tumor antigen p53 protein (−6.205 Kcal/mol) exhibited the highest antioxidant and anticancer proteins, respectively. Overall, the present study results provide a theoretical foundation for broadening the application of fucoidan from S. ilicifolium as a pharmaceutical ingredient.

Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Sargassum ilicifolium Before and After the Monsoon in Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, Iran

Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Sargassum ilicifolium Before and After the Monsoon in Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman, Iran

Promote growth and photosynthetic pigments of Lycopersicon escuentum l. Using foliar spray extract of Sargassum ilicifolium (Brown seaweed)

The seaweeds play a vital function in marine environment and renewable assets of marine surroundings. Many of the seaweeds used as food, fooder and fertilizer. The present investigation focused on the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium used as fertilizer in the Lycopersicum esculentum L . The effect of foliar extract and different concentration (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) control distilled water. And the effect of above thought foliar application on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of 45 days old seedlings of Lycopersicum esculentum L parameters were analyzed. Among the five methods of treatments 25% of Sargassum ilicifolium (turner) C. Agardh extract is very effective compare to control and other concentration.

Growth, survival, nutritional value and phytochemical, and antioxidant state of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp fed with premix extract of brown Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica, and Padina australis macroalgae

The effect of including the premix extract of the brown Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica, and Padina australis (MPE) macroalgae in the diet on the growth performance, survival, nutritional values, phytochemical, and antioxidant state of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was investigated in this study, where in 1200 post larvae with an average weight of 57.53 \(\pm\) 0.47 mg were distributed randomly by categorizing 100 pieces into 4 groups (three tank iterations per group). The control group was only fed with the concentrated feed (MPE0), while the other groups were fed with a basic diet that consisted of MPE5 (MPE5), 10 (MPE10), and 15 (MPE15) g kg−1 of feed for 8 weeks. According to the results, the highest final weight, specific growth ratio, weight gain, and protein efficiency ratio were recorded for the MPE15 group. The lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in the group fed with MPE15 (P < 0.05). The highest level of crude protein was recorded for the groups fed with MPE10 and MPE15 (P < 0.05). The highest amount of PUFA, total sterols, phenol, flavonoid, catalase (CAT), and glutathione was observed in shrimps fed with MPE15. The results are generally indicative of the positive effect of the premix aqueous extract of the brown S. ilicifolium, N. zanardini, C. indica, and P.australis macroalgae at the 15 g kg−1 of MPE feed level on the growth, nutritional value and phytochemical, and antioxidant status of L. vannamei.

Bioactivity of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh

Fucoidan derived from brown algae has been shown to exhibit antitumor and antioxidant effects, so research on sulfated polysaccharides is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and biological activity of fucoidan that was extracted at two temperatures (65 and 80 °C) from Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh from five regions of Taiwan. The data show that there are significant differences in the yield, sulfate and total sugar content of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh grown in different locations in the same sea area. HPLC was used to determine the monosaccharide compositions of the fucoidan, which contains fucose, mannose, mannose, glucose and galactose and have a low molecular weight of less than 5 kDa, and then we will select the algae collected in Fugang, Taitung, for further biological activity research. The sampled Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh at all five locations has a good polyphenol content, and it shows great DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, Ferrous ion-chelating activity and Reducing power. The Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh that was collected from Taitung Fugang is not toxic to L929 normal cells, but for A549 cancer cells and HCT116 cancer cells, it is known from the results that it has good cytotoxicity for A549 cancer cells. Thus, this study found that the Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh that was collected from Taitung Fugang has significant antioxidant and anticancer properties.

Impact of green extraction methods on the structural, morphological, physico‐mechanical, and thermal properties of alginate films of Sargassum ilicifolium

In the present study, the alginate was extracted from Sargassum ilicifolium using conventional (CON), enzyme (Alcalase), ultrasound (UAE), and Alcalase-ultrasound (ALUAE) methods. Subsequently, the extracted alginates were used for the preparation of edible and biodegradable films. Results demonstrated that the application of different green extraction methods decreased the molecular weight (Mw) of extracted alginates compared to the CON method, which among them the UAE-extracted alginate had the lowest Mw. Green methods applied to alginate extraction also showed significant effects on different properties of alginate films. In this regard, films that are prepared from alginate with lower Mw (UAE-extracted ones) showed lower water vapor permeability (WVP) and light transmittance as well as higher tensile strength (TS) values. Conversely, the highest WVP and lowest TS were measured for films prepared from ALUAE-extracted alginate. These results are consistent with the SEM micrograph. Novelty impact statement Alginate is a polysaccharide with various applications in different industries. This polysaccharide is extracted using the conventional method (CON). Finding a greener and faster method is preferred by the industry. In the current study, alginate of Sargassum ilicifolium was extracted using different green extraction methods further to CON. The impact of green methods on the properties of films produced from extracted alginate was investigated for the first time. The results showed that the green extraction methods led to films with different properties and among them, the films produced from ultrasound-extracted alginate showed the lowest WVP and highest TS.

Antioxidant Properties of Protein Extracted from the Brown Seaweed (Sargassum ilicifolium) against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Antioxidant Properties of Protein Extracted from the Brown Seaweed (Sargassum ilicifolium) against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats