In this contribution I hope to show, on the basis of accumulating personal experience and a careful comparison of my results with those of others, that in the successful treatment of uterine myoma surgery still is and probably always will be the most efficient measure at our command. Many attractive and apparently plausible arguments are continuously advanced on behalf of roentgen-ray treatment of these tumors, and the time has come for a definite agreement on this question in the best interest of patients and physicians. An exaggerated confidence in the benign character of uterine fibroids, not warranted by facts, has led many to accept the roentgen-ray treatment temporarily, relying on surgery in case of failure. The tendency of fibromyomatous tumors of the uterus to undergo sarcomatous degeneration, as well as many serious complications on the part of other pelvic organs, are too often overlooked in the prevailing tendency toward generalization