Saratov University Research Articles

Professor of Saratov University Georgy P. Boev (1898–1959)

Professor of Saratov University Georgy P. Boev (1898–1959)

SARATOV SCHOOL OF DERIVATOLOGY: PROBLEMS, RESULTS, PROSPECTS

The article presents the leading issues of research by Saratov derivatologists, describes the main results of the joint scientific search of the participants of the International Scientific Seminar “Development of the word-formation and lexical system of the Russian language”, functioning on the basis of the Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (SGU) since 2008 under the guidance of professors O.I. Dmitrieva and O.Y. Kryuchkova, scientific prospects for further work are indicated. It is shown that research traditions in the field of word-formation derivatology developed at Saratov University in line with the development of a synchronous-diachronic method for analyzing semantic-word-forming subsystems and word-forming processes. Its application contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of word production, the identification of the word-formation potential of the language. Within the framework of derivatological issues, SGU has formed the main staff of its developers, identified scientific areas of research in the field of word-formation and lexico-semantic dynamics, published 7 collections of scientific articles, 8 monographs (2 of which are collective), 3 doctoral and 6 candidate dissertations were defended. Scientific activity is carried out in several directions: 1) a general methodology for the synchronous-diachronic study of word-formation subsystems and processes has been developed, the principles of synchronous-diachronic analysis of semantic-word-formation subsystems have been substantiated, the main trends in language dynamics have been identified and described; 2) complex synchronous-diachronic descriptions of a number of word-formation processes (intraverbal prefixation, reduplication), semantic-word-formation subsystems (abstract nouns, agentive verbs, evolutive verbs) were carried out; 3) diachronic description of word families with separate etymological roots; 4) the leading tendencies of neologization as a synchronous-diachronic process in the system of verbal vocabulary of the Russian language have been identified; 5) the problem of studying metaphorization as a derivational process is posed; 6) for Saratov derivatologists, the issue of the dynamics of the correlation of system-linguistic and individual-authorial in the process of word creation, as well as system-linguistic and functional, determined by the specifics of the use of word-building and lexical means in the text, remains relevant. The further perspective is determined by the study of the semantic and derivational specifics of the process of neologization of verbal vocabulary from the standpoint of linguistic diachrony, the identification of factors of cognitive modeling of the linguistic consciousness of native speakers by means of word formation, the description of the evolution of macro-units of the word-formation system: word-formation categories and word-formation families, their synchronous-diachronic analysis. Along with the already available synchronous-diachronic descriptions of other semantic-derivative subsystems, this should ultimately contribute to the development of the concept of historical derivatology.

Academician Fyodor Grigorievich Uglov (1904–2008)

An outstanding surgeon, a prominent scientist, a teacher, a talented leader, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1967), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991), Winner of the Lenin Prize (1961), winner of the international prize of the Holy All-Laudable Apostle Andrew the First-Called and the Center of National Glory of Russia «For Faith and Fidelity» with the award of the Order of Andrew the First-Called on a blue moire ribbon (2003), laureate of the Academician A. N. Bakulev Prize (2004), Professor Fyodor Grigorievich Uglov was born on October 5, 1904 in the village of Chuguevo, Kirensky district, Irkutsk region. In 1923, Fyodor Grigorievich entered Irkutsk University, then transferred to Saratov University and graduated with honors in 1929. He studied at the internship at the clinic of Professor V. A. Oppel (1931–1933). In 1937, he entered the postgraduate course of the Department of Surgery of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training named after S. M. Kirov. He defended his PhD thesis in 1939 and his doctoral dissertation in 1949. Fyodor Grigoryevich Uglov worked at the Department of the Academician N. N. Petrov until 1950. The next 58 years of Fyodor Grigoryevich’s working activity was associated with the Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov (1 LMI, Pavlov University). During this period of time, he performed unique operations, developed new methods of surgical treatment of diseases in almost all sections of surgery. Being an excellent teacher, Fyodor Grigoryevich Uglov brought up excellent surgeons. Many of them became doctors of sciences, academicians, and heads of surgical departments. Fyodor Grigoryevich also founded a bright school of thoracic and cardiac surgeons.. Academician F. G. Uglov died on June 22, 2008 and was buried on June 25, 2008 at the Nikolsky Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.

Литературный жанр в сознании читателя: эмпирический подход

From a cognitive point of view, literary genres do not exist regardless of their perception; they should be embodied in the reader’s mind. The purpose of cognitive genre study is to consider genre as a form of mental representation. According to our hypothesis, this representation combines figurative and propositional ways of encoding information. There is no doubt that the reconstruction of the mental representation of the genre in the mind of the reader requires an experimental study. This article publishes the results of a pilot experiment conducted among university students of pedagogical specialties of the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Education of Saratov University and school students of Saratov. The experimental data show that the representation of the genre in the mind of the reader can be based on the cluster model which suggests that the readers define a number of features by which they identify the genre. The prototype model of the genre is no less relevant: belonging of a particular work to a particular genre is determined in the mind of the reader by its similarity with the best genre model – a standard (or a prototype). The number of such standards is not very large. As a rule, this status is acquired by works that are included in the school literary canon. In the reader’s mind, genre classes are not formations with clear boundaries; rather, they are more likely to be built on the principle of “family resemblance”. The cognitive model of a genre in the mind of the reader has certain features of a field. Conducting cognitive genre research, i.e. identifying ways of representing the genre in the mind of a reader requires the development of a special questionnaire that takes into account the level of the ordinary (naive) reader who is not a philologist.

Развитие саратовской индустриально-организационной психологии в 1920–1930-е гг.

Introduction. The first study of the history of Saratov organizational psychology was carried out by L. N. Aksenovskaya, who traced the development of the industrial and organizational direction at Saratov State University from 1971 to the present. The purpose of our research was to analyze the process of formation of organizational and psychological science in Saratov in the 1920s–1930s. Such historical and psychological methods as the analysis of information presented in scientific and reference publications, historical reconstruction, interpretation of factual material were used. Theoretical analysis. A study was conducted on the development of Saratov organizational psychology in the 1920s–1930s as an integral part of two directions – scientific organization of labor and psychotechnics. Conclusion. It is established that organizational psychology in Saratov developed in accordance with the general trends of the scientific process for the whole country. For research and practical work, divisions were created at provincial administrative institutions, regional branches of All-Russian scientific communities, experimental laboratories. The article presents the activities of three Saratov laboratories organized by engineers at the Saratov Institute of National Economy, doctors at the Provincial Department of Public Education, psychologists at the Department of Philosophy and Psychology of Saratov University (the heads respectively N. M. Dyakonov, I. L. Stychinsky, A. A. Krogius).

Saratov Speech Therapy School: Origins and Current Directions of Research

To the statement of the problem. The article represents the origins and current state of research, scientific, methodological, and educational activities of the Department of Speech Therapy and Psycholinguistics of Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky – Saratov speech therapy school. The purpose of the article is to reflect on the process of formation, the origins of the Saratov speech therapy school and the directions of modern scientific research of teachers of the department of speech therapy and psycholinguistics. Main content – the definitions and characteristics of the concept of a scientific school are clarified, including a university scientific school in connection with the topic of the article; the origins of the Saratov speech therapy school in the field of medicine, speech therapy, linguistics and psycholinguistics are considered, the scientific heritage of SSU scientists is considered, whose works played a significant role in the formation of the Saratov psycholinguistic school – L. P. Doblaeva on the semantic structure of the educational text and I. N. Gorelov on the relationship between verbal and nonverbal components of speech and the universal subject code; analyzes the contribution to the formation of the department of speech therapy and psycholinguistics by V. I. Balaeva, who took an active part in the creation of the department, an authoritative teacher, methodologist, scientist, author of the method of model training for older preschoolers with delayed speech development, and K. F. Sedov, the first head of the department of speech therapy and psycholinguistics, the author of scientific and scientific-methodological works on general psycholinguistics, ontolinguistics in the aspect of the development of human communicative competence, and the theory of genres – henistics, which has become a distinctive feature of the Saratov psycholinguistic school; The main directions of activity of the department at present are characterized – linguistic and speech therapy, research in the field of communicative linguistics, psycholinguistic research, research in the field of bilingualism and bilingual education, research in the field of medical speech therapy, and the significant works of teachers of the department of speech therapy and psycholinguistics are given in this regard. In conclusion, further prospects for the development of the department of speech therapy and psycholinguistics in the scientific, scientific-methodological, educational field are determined, it is noted that the linguistic, psycholinguistic, ontolinguistic components in the work of the department are supported by close cooperation with other departments of Saratov University, with leading speech therapy departments in Moscow and St. Petersburg , a number of other universities, there is an active involvement and familiarization of bachelors and masters in the scientific traditions of the Saratov speech therapy school.

«…Рано вылетел из скафтымовского “гнезда”»: В. А. Бочкарев об А. П. Скафтымове

The article discusses the relationship of V. A. Bochkarev, a graduate of Saratov University in 1930, the first postgraduate student of A. P. Skaftymov in 1930–1933, subsequently Doctor of Philology, professor, the head of the department of the Russian and Foreign literature of Kuybyshev (Samara) Pedagogical Institute (University) for many years, the author of the fundamental works on the Russian historical drama, and A. P. Skaftymov, the founder and the creator of Saratov School of Philology, a scientist of world renown. A. P. Skaftymov left philological legacy exclusively valuable in its scientific magnitude and he educated many students, the nestlings of Skavtymov’s “nest”, as they were called afterwards, some of them, including V. A. Bochkarev, have taken the rightful place in the literature science. The article covers the important role that A. P. Skaftymov played in the personal and scientific life of V. A. Bochkarev in his formation as a scientist and a teacher, who retained a grateful memory of his tutor. Some important memoir evidence by V. A. Bochkarev is presented, in which he dwells on the content and structure of the lecture courses given by A. P. Skaftymov, that V. A. Bochkarev chanced to attend as a student and a postgraduate, on the topics of the special seminars that A. P. Saftymov used to teach, on the reports that were prepared under his supervision, on the requirements of the scientific supervisor to the students’ and postgraduates’ papers, on the methods of scientific counselling, on A. P. Skaftymov’s inherent feeling of democracy, that was revealed in his behavior as the head of the department and the faculty. The article considers how V. A. Bochkarev perceived and evaluated the scientific, moral and educational lessons of A. P. Skaftymov, which he appropriated for his life and reflected in his memories and letters to his colleagues in Saratov.

История становления и развития микробиологии в Саратовском государственном университете

The review presents the origins of the study of microbiology at the Saratov State University, the formation and development from the establishment of the Department of Microbiology at Saratov University in 1918 under the leadership of Alexei Ilyich Berdnikov to the educational and scientific-practical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology at the present time. The history of the department is closely connected with the activities of outstanding microbiologists Alexander Alexandrovich Bogomolets, Sergey Mikhailovich Nikanorov, the first head of the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Biology of SSU – Albert Reingoldovich Werner, heads of the Department Maria Petrovna Gnutenko, Marina Konstantinovna Shcheglova, Pavel Abramovich Chirov, who formed the main directions of scientific research. Pages of the history of our country were reflected in the life of the staff of the department: the repressions of the 1930s, the deportation of the Volga Germans in 1941, the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. In 1955 The Department of Microbiology is combined with the Department of Plant Anatomy and Physiology. The department has become the cradle of scientific and educational departments of Saratov institutions – the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics of SSU, the Department of Microbiology of SSMU, the Federal State Institution of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor. Currently, scientific and pedagogical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology of the SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky is provided by the head of the department Sergey Alexandrovich Stepanov, doсents Alexandra Mikhailovna Peterson, Elena Vladimirovna Glinskaya, Denis Valeryevich Utkin, Valeria Valeryevna Korobko, Mikhail Yuryevich Kasatkin.

To the 85th anniversary of Dmitry Ivanovich Trubetskov

On June 14, 2023, could be celebrated the 85-th anniversary of the founder of the journal “Applied Nonlinear Dynamics”, the Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, the laureate of the Presidential Prize in Education, the Rector of Saratov University (1994–2003), the head of the department electronics, oscillations and waves (1981–2020) Dmitry Ivanovich Trubetskov. Published reflections of colleagues and friends of D. I. Trubetskov reveal his contribution to the development of science, education and the significance of his multifaceted personality for the history of Saratov University.

Родоначальник саратовской университетской психологической школы С. Л. Франк (к 145-летию ученого)

The article is devoted to the 145th anniversary of the outstanding philosopher of the 20th century S. L. Frank (28.01.1877–10.12.1950), who preserving the pre–revolutionary traditions of teaching psychology as part of philosophy at the historical and philological faculties of Russian universities, in 1918 for the first time in Saratov began teaching psychology at Saratov University, thus becoming the founder of the regional psychological school. An apologist for philosophical (idealistic) psychology, Frank invited Professor A. A. Krogius (1919), an experimental psychologist known in Europe, to work at the Saratov Department of Philosophy, thereby creating conditions for a versatile psychological education. In the spring of 1919, through Frank’s efforts a philosophical department was opened at Saratov University, which began professional university training of psychologists for the first time in the region. In the autumn of 1919, with Frank’s participation, Saratov psychology was institutionalized for the first time – the Department of Philosophy and Psychology appeared at the university. After Frank’s expulsion from Russia in 1922, his name and works as alien to the Marxist worldview in his homeland began to be hushed up. His merit to Saratov psychology was also consigned to oblivion for a long time. This work was carried out in order to express grateful memory to the founder of the Saratov University Psychological School.

Художественное воплощение историософской концепции в романах Д.С. Мережковского

The review gives a general description of T.I. Dronova’s monograph “D.S. Merezhkovsky’s Historiosophical Novel in the Perspective of the 20th Century,” published in 2021 by the Saratov University Publishing House. The analysis of the book structure reveals the original concept of the historiosophical novel, which is presented by the author. The postulates of the research are based on theoretical studies and results of the genesis and genre novelty’s study of the historiosophical novel of the writer-thinker, as well as on the serious methodological basis and fundamental historical and literary works. The author of the monograph appeals to the controversial issues of the genre in modern literary studies and identifies the dominant and meaningful content of the concept “historiosophical novel.” The problem gets a practical solution in the analytical chapters. The transfer of the attention from the religious and philosophical concept of the writer-thinker to the cognitional method of history and the analysis of poetics prioritizes in further. It is declared that the attitude to history as a text leads D.S. Merezhkovsky to the aestheticization of the Past. The paradoxical nature of genre synthesis in the historiosophical novel, which T.I. Dronova brought out due to the conjugation of concrete historical and metahistorical narrative plans, has a deep impression. The monograph convincingly reveals the features of the artistic embodiment of the author’s historiosophical concept in the trilogy Christ and the Antichrist, as D.S. Merezhkovsky leads the reader outside the concrete historical epoch to metahistorical conflicts. The question of the nature of artistic historicism in the trilogy The Kingdom of the Beast is actualized, the author analyses the importance of the “historicity of narrative” problem for the Writer. A large section of the monograph about the nature of connections in the prose of the 1920–1930s (A. Platonov, M. Bulgakov, M. Aldanov) with D. Merezhkovsky’s works is also of interest.

Саратовский сюжет в письмах Ю. Н. Чумакова

The article discusses the place of Saratov-based plot in Yu. N. Chumakov’s letters addressed to the author of the article. The subject of discussion in the correspondence is the defense of Yu. N. Chumakov’s dissertation at Saratov University in 1970 and its role in his scientific biography. The defense of the dissertation with Yu. M. Lotman as the first opponent became the key event of the Saratov plot and its climax. Having singled out fragments from the correspondence related to the plot of Saratov, the author seeks to explain the direction of the ensuing epistolary dialogue, why the defense of the dissertation was perceived by Yu. N. Chumakov as a more than significant event for him, especially in the context of his dramatic biography. The author proves that the defense was an explosion of the linear sequence of the text of life, which dramatically changed the fate of the scientist. The desire to talk in detail about the defense, to find out what impression it made, and to look at what was happening on that memorable day for him through the eyes of the addressee of the letter, betrayed the desire to read and interpret his fate again and again. Particular attention is paid in the correspondence to the personalities of such outstanding philologists, professors of Saratov University as A. P. Skaftymov and E. I. Pokusaev. Yu. N. Chumakov was not A. P. Skaftymov’s student and was not familiar with him, but specifically noted the acquisition and subsequent development of the principles of a scientific approach to the work, set out in his theoretical article in 1923. About the personality of E. I. Pokusaev, his supervisor, and the history of the relationship with him, Yu. N. Chumakov wrote in great detail. Having told about the role of E. I. Pokusaev, who supported the dissertation at the defense, and having outlined his complex, large and humanly attractive personality, Yu.N. Chumakov completes the plot of Saratov, which was very meaningful for him, primarily for self-understanding of his scientific path.

50 лет в строю (саратовский «Славянский сборник»)

The article analyzes the main milestones in the history of the formation and development of one of the oldest regional periodicals on the problems of the history of the Slavs – the Slavic Collection, published on the base of Saratov University since 1972. This work summarizes the intermediate results of the activities of the Saratov Slavists and sets them tasks for the future.

Виртуальный педагогический класс в контексте классического университета: принципы организации, проблемы, решения

The creation of pedagogical classes based on the initiative of teachers usually working in higher education organizations is now becoming compulsory, as required by the Russian Ministry of Education. New normative and methodological documents require a focus on modules and disciplines whose content largely mirrors higher education curricula, and school teachers become the main instructors in psycho-pedagogical classes. This approach seems insufficiently developed: it does not take into consideration the age specifics of schoolchildren, narrows down the topics of these classes and overestimates the capabilities of learners during pedagogical tryouts. This article proposes a different program content for psycho-pedagogical classes, based on the experience gained by Saratov University and other universities in the country and implemented by leading university professors. The value system, current principles and conceptual model of the university pedagogical class are presented. Schoolchildren listen to lectures on great educators and their influence on civilizational processes, discuss pedagogical communication tools, learn about digital hygiene, explore generation issues in their own lives and in the professional activities of teachers, and get acquainted with pedagogical design. Expanding the thematic core, actualization of the general background knowledge, facts, events, cases, embedding the educational paradigm into the personal paradigm of each learner appears to be a cutting-edge and timely principle for the design of a pedagogical class. The article demonstrates the potential of binary classroom technology through a themed dialogue of teachers, framed as a discussion. The conceptual basis of the proposed model is a dialogue which is implemented through continuous feedback using the advantages of videoconferencing platforms, social networks and e-mail.

Библейское Слово в трудах религиозных мыслителей (С. Л. Франк, Г. П. Федотов, Н. С. Арсеньев)

During the years of the revolution and the Civil War S. L. Frank, G. P. Fedotov, N. S. Arseniev were professors at Saratov University, but this is not all that unites them. In emigration these religious thinkers taught at various research-training, cultural-educational and spiritual centers of Europe, both Russian and foreign. The article reveals their personal experience of referring to the Biblical Word, exegesis of biblical texts based on Orthodox theology and biblical criticism. Frank wrote about the Word that created the world and the incarnate Word. In the book Collapse of the Idols (1923) he appeals to his reader with quotations from the New Testament, expressing the eternal and absolute. In the Holy Scriptures, he finds a match for his “basic intuition” of being. He bases his book Light in the Darkness (1949) on The Gospel of John, expressing the Christian attitude towards evil and criticizing all kinds of Utopianism. Frank’s idea that a man is destined to suffer to obtain salvation is also derived by him from the New Testament. Fedotov’s programmatic proposal on biblical studies is the article Orthodoxy and Historical Criticism (1932). He posed “the question of the limits of criticism in biblical exegesis”. Fedotov goes to the “pure basis of the Holy Tradition”, combining criticism of the historical school, “dogmatic loyalty to Orthodoxy” and “warm attitude” to Western Christianity. In the book Spiritual Poems (1935) the thinker explores folk beliefs in spiritual verses considering how biblical images (the Mother of God as “suffering mother and intercessor,” Christ the Almighty) and eschatological prophecies transform in them.The spiritual experience of the apostles John and Paul, their mysticism is the central attraction of Arseniev’s exegetical interests. He reinterprets the pre-Christian concept of the Logos and comes to the Christian understanding of the Word of God: Logos of the Old Testament prepares the hearts of men for the incarnation of the Son of God.

Первый саратовский профессор психологии А. А. Крогиус: к 150-летию ученого

The article is devoted to the 150th anniversary of the outstanding scientist of the XX century A. A. Krogius (1871–1933), who was at the origin of Russian experimental psychology and pedology in the early 1900s, the founder of Russian typhlopsychology. Krogius was a European-famous psychologist and worked for 12 years (1919–1931) at the Saratov University, becoming the first professor of psychology in Saratov. The article considers the features of the appearance of a successful petersburgian Krogius in provincial Saratov in 1919, presents the specifics of his work at the Saratov University, analyzes the discrepancies that appeared in the Saratov period of the scientist’s life between the principles of Soviet psychology that were being formed at that time and the methodology of Krogius’ research. Using the example of his fate and the biographical method, as well as the psychological analysis of documentary sources, newspaper articles, letters, diary entries, the author showed the peculiarities of development in the 1920s and 1930s both Russian and regional Saratov psychology, associated with the rejection of the previous scientific traditions formed in domestic psychology as part of European and world science, and the process of formation of a new Soviet psychology, sometimes associated with the destruction of the specific destinies of its participants.

Development of a decision support system in traumatology and orthopedics. Biomechanics as a tool for preoperative planning

The main goal of preoperative planning for patients with pathologies of the musculoskeletal system is to obtain high-quality anatomical and functional results. The solution to this problem could be achieved through the selection of appropriate implants and technique of their installation, which ensure the stability of the structure and reposition of bone fragments, as well as by recreating the optimal biomechanics of the operated segment. All over the world, modern digital technologies are widely introduced into clinical practice. In traumatology, orthopedics and neurosurgery, preoperative planning systems that implement virtual treatment planning allow performing X-ray morphometric measurements on digital radiographs or computed tomography, as well as placing implant templates and selecting their optimal standard size. Typically, several treatment types can be planned for a particular patient, which are successful in terms of geometric preoperative planning. But not each of the planned types can be optimal in terms of assessing the stress-strain state of the studied segment of the spinal pelvic complex. Biomechanical modelling provides the possibility of virtual modelling of orthopedic operations, including the assessment of segment stability and implant "survival". Therefore, it is proposed to use biomechanical modelling as a tool for preoperative planning. In this regard, at the request and with the financial support of the Advanced Research Fund at Saratov University, for the first time, the development of a Russian medical decision support system in surgery of the spinal pelvic complex is being developed, which provides not only the stage of geometric planning of the operation, but also its biomechanical support, as well as predicting treatment results. The aim of this work was to show that biomechanical modelling makes it possible to choose the optimal type of surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the spine-pelvic complex, and can also be successfully introduced into preoperative planning and successfully function within the framework of the medical decision support system. The paper presents the results of demonstration experiments, in which the optimal treatment types for degenerative diseases of the spine and hip joint were selected using the system. The results of the experiments were consistent with the established clinical practice and literature data, and a group of experts confirmed their clinical viability. It was shown that, together with geometric planning, biomechanical modelling forms a new method (algorithm) for preoperative planning.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ КАУЗАТИВНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ В ТЕКСТАХ ХАКАССКИХ ГЕРОИЧЕСКИХ СКАЗАНИЙ

Рассматриваются семантические типы каузативных глаголов хакасского языка, нашедшие отражение в текстах хакасских героических сказаний «Алтын Арыг» и «Ах Чибек Арыг», записанных от популярного народного сказителя Хакасии С. П. Кадышева (1885–1977), «Ай Хуучын» и «Айдолай», записанных от сказителя П. В. Курбижекова (1910–1966), «Хара Хусхун», записанного от сказителя П. В. Тоданова. Актуальность данного исследования связана с тем, что каузативные глаголы активны в употреблении и представляют большой интерес для исследователей-лингвистов. Необходимость изучения семантических типов каузативных глаголов в текстах хакасских героических сказаний вызвана неразработанностью данного вопроса на сегодняшний день, чем и определяется новизна исследования. Целью статьи является выявление семантики и функционирования каузативных глаголов в текстах хакасских героических сказаний. В задачи исследования входит выявление всех каузативных глаголов, встречающихся в текстах героических сказаний; определение и анализ каузативных аффиксов, участвующих в образовании каузативных глаголов; выявление словообразовательных моделей каузативных глаголов, представленных в текстах героических сказаний. Анализ фактического материала проводился с использованием комплекса лингвистических методов и приемов. Наиболее перспективным при решении поставленных задач были признаны метод сплошной выборки примеров, предусматривающий подбор примеров для анализа и выписывание из текстов героических сказаний подряд всех встречающихся в нём примеров анализируемого типа, описательный метод для выявления каузативных глаголов и их последовательного описания с точки зрения их структуры и функционирования. Метод дистрибутивного анализа позволил выявить валентность каузативного глагола. В результате исследования выявлены и проанализированы семантические типы каузативных глаголов, а именно, фактитивный, пермиссивный и фактитивно-рефлексивный, пермиссивно-рефлексивный типы; определены актуальные для языка героического эпоса словообразовательные модели каузативных глаголов. Для глаголов с фактитивной семантикой выявлено пять словообразовательных моделей; для пермиссивной – три модели; фактитивно-рефлексивный и пермиссивно-рефлексивный по одной модели. Исследование также показало, что в текстах хакасских героических сказаний часто используется двойной каузатив, который выражает как фактитивное, так и пермиссивное значение. Полученные результаты могут найти применение при чтении лекционных курсов по хакасскому языку на филологических факультетах вузов, при составлении учебных и учебно-методических пособий, словарей. В перспективе интересные результаты могут дать исследования каузативных конструкций, характерных для текстов героических сказаний, в сопоставительном и сравнительно-типологическом освещении.

Мемуаристика Б. Ф. Егорова: жанровые принципы

B. F. Egorov is a philologist and a scientist whose creative work is closely related to Saratov University; he- attached great importance to diaries and memoirs as the most important sources for the reconstruction not only of historic events, but of the revival of spiritual biography of entire generations. The article analyzes the genre principles of B. F. Egorov’s memoirs.

Ранний старт и короткая жизнь одного энтомолога (к 110-летию Андрея Андреевича Рихтера)

At the end of 2019 an old collection of insects was found in the Zoological Museum of Saratov State University. It was collected in the vicinity of Saratov, in the Lower Volga region, as well as in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, by young Andrey A. Richter while he was studying at school and Saratov University (1926–1930). The collection (185 specimens) was not processed, with most insects left unidentified. Nevertheless, it has been well preserved. Its examination has already produced first results important for better understanding of A. A. Richter biography. Further species identification may reveal the entomofauna composition not yet affected by environmental changes at the time, hence facilitating ecological research in the area. Collector – Andrey Andreevich Richter (1911–1950), prominent entomologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences (1945), professor, head of the coleopterology laboratory at the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1938–1939 he was arrested and imprisoned on false allegations. His life and scientific career were cut short by terminal illness at the age of 39. His main studies were focused on elytral venation and its role in phylogenetics, and on the detailed jewel beetles taxonomy (Buprestidae). The article is based on the documents and correspondence from Russian state archives, as well as from Richter family archive.