Sarajevo Area Research Articles

Correlation analysis of different optical remote sensing indices for drought monitoring: a case study of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Droughts are second to hurricanes the world's most costly weather events. Damage caused by droughts in certain countries is measured in tens of billions of dollars per year. Timely detection of drought and prediction of its occurrence has the potential to reduce costs and save a large number of people from its consequences. Numerous methods that serve this purpose exist in scientific research and practice. One group of drought monitoring methods belongs to the field of remote sensing, where it is possible to monitor drought indicators over large areas in almost real-time through satellite images. This paper is focused on the optical indices of remote sensing calculated by raster algebra. The intention was to reach conclusions about the quality of individual indices used for the Canton Sarajevo area in Bosnia and Herzegovina for each month of August in the period 2008-2021 through correlational and qualitative analysis and the use of meteorological indicators. Among the used indices, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NMI (normalized moisture index) proved to be the most reliable, and their mutual correlation was very strong (r = 0.99).

LEAN concept - possibilities of implementation and improvement of business processes in public healthcare organizations

Introduction: The basic postulate of the lean concept is that greater efficiency of the work process can be achieved through a process of continuous improvement,which aims to eliminate waste and maximize activities that add value.The Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy and the United States were examples of healthcare systems that implemented the lean concept.Aim: To examine the opinion of health workers of a public hospital in the Sarajevo area about the possibilities of improving business processes by implementing thelean concept.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to the e-mail addresses of health workers of public health organizations. 91 respondents of both sexes (doctors ofmedicine, residents, registered nurses, nurses and administrative staff) were included.Results: A positive correlation was establishedin the attitude toward the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes. According to the participant’s opinion, the greater effectiveness of business processes contributes to greater efficiency (r=0.846; p<0,05). Spearman’s coefficient rs=0.81 shows a strong connection between the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a positive attitude towards the impact of the lean concept on improving the efficiency of business processes. The reducexpected positive effects of the implementation of the lean concept are manifested through faster provision of services to patients, reduction of service waiting times and general improvement of business processes.

Štetna entomofauna jabuke na području Istočnog Sarajeva (Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina)

The harmful entomofauna on apple, in East Sarajevo area was carried during the vegetation in 2022, in three localities. In two localities, Kasindo and Klek, the survey was done in extensive orchards, and in semi-intensive orchard (location Kula). Visuel rewieving method of trees, riddance of branches and taking a sample of infested plants organs, and rearing before adult stadium and determination of collected and reared insects was carried out. Total number of determined harmful insects species is 31, in extensive orchards, Kasindo 28 species and Klek 22 species, and in semi-intensive orchard (Kula), 15 species. The most number of species belong Lepidoptera order, among which dominate leafminers (7 species) and tortrix moths (6 species).

IMPACT OF A SMALL UNIVERSITY ON A LOCAL ECONOMY: SARAJEVO EXAMPLE

Universities are not only centers for education but also serve as centers for knowledge production, innovation and technical development. However, in recent decades, universities are also considered as one of the key regional economic development engines for local economies. Universities contribute a great deal of economic activity in various forms to the geographical area within proximity of the campus. This study aims to be the first such study done in Bosnia and Herzegovina using the information and data obtained from International University of Sarajevo (IUS), its students and its staff members as well as their visitors. This study aims to find out direct economic impact of IUS on local spending and employment, and indirect and induced economic impacts of IUS on Sarajevo economy. The study finds that IUS contributes to the Ilidza and Sarajevo economy around 10 million KM in the form of direct economic benefits, over 24 million KM in indirect benefits, and 41 million KM in induced benefits. Total of these contributions reach to 75 million KM a year. In addition, IUS creates 231 jobs directly and 1,065 jobs indirectly (1,296 jobs in total) in Ilidza and Sarajevo area.

Koji je administrativni status rimskog naselja na Ilidži? / What was the administrative status of the Roman settlement in Ilidža?

Medicinal sulfuric springs at present-day Ilidža helped to create Roman thermae that gave the Roman municipium the name Aquae. Systematic archaeological examinations conducted by Carl Patch and Esad Pašalić suggest that this Roman settlement in Ilidža had existed without interruptions from the 1st to the 4th century. Based on the comparison of literary sources and the results of archaeologic research and epigraphic inscriptions, this paper will determine the genesis of administrative development of this Roman administrative unit whose administration included the upper course of the Bosna river and the Sarajevo area. This is an attempt at answering the following question: «Can we speak of Aquae in the context of Roman citizens at all?” Another important question is what methodology should we use to treat the expression res publica Aquae S(...?) that was carved on the base of Diocletian’s statue discovered in Ilidža. BiH scholarship has so far based its understanding of this term on Mócsy’s definition of the noun phrase res publica in the context of “pseudo-municipal” status. The results of analysis of inscriptions found on epigraphic monuments that will be presented in this paper suggest that one should step away from understanding the phrase res publica as an administrative category. Finally, we should point out that the objective of this paper is to present the territorial and administrative development of Aquae, as it is an exact example of the Roman municipalization model in the provincial interior. This interior was usually geographically very distant from the most important economic and urban centers of the Roman Empire that has also left an impact on its cultural and historical development. Systematic archaeological research on the right bank of the Željeznica river in 2016 and 2017 has revealed several stratigraphic layers which include, among others, the ancient period. These new findings have been discovered more to the east compared to the previous findings, indicating that the urban complex of Aquae had been expanding toward the Sarajevo area.

Psyllid Species (Cacopsylla spp.) in Pear Orchards of East Sarajevo

Psyllid species (Cacopsylla spp.) are the most important pests on pear in all regions where this fruit species is grown. Cacopsylla spp. cause direct and indirect damages because they suck the sap and make large amounts of honeydew, which disturbs the normal physiological processes. Some psyllid species vectors of phytoplasma were found (Carraro i sar., 1998). The survey was done in 2011 and 2012 in orchards, in the locations of Vojkovici, Kula, Tilava, Petrovići and Kasindo. In Kula location, survey was done on the following cultivars: Wiliams, General Le Clerc, „Passa Crasana“, Abe Fetel and Poire de Curé. In pear orchards of the East Sarajevo area the following were determined: Cacopsylla pyri Linne, Cacopsylla pyrisuga Foerster and Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster. In intensive orchards of Vojkovići and Kula, C. pyri was more present compared to C. pyrisuga, while in extensive orchards in the location of Kasindo, C. pyrisuga was more present. In semi-intensive orchards, Tilava and Petrovići, the most present was C. pyrisuga, then C. pyri and the least present was C. pyricola. In the locality of Kula, the highest percentage of shoots infeted with C. pyri was the Poire de Curé, and the smallest was of cultivar Abe Fetel.

DETERMINING THE NEED OF ALFALFA FOR WATER IN THE CONDITIONS OF SARAJEVO AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

Alfalfa has a great need for water, because it creates a huge plant mass. For this reason,yield level, similar to the other species with large green mass, primarily depends onprovided water during the growing season. Alfalfa uses water well from the prevegetationreserve in land, especially of rainfall during the growing season. In thispaper, the need for water in alfalfa for average, the most rainy and dry hydrologicalyear in the conditions of Sarajevo area was established. Evapotranspiration of alfalfa is567 mm for the most dry, 569 mm for the most rainy and 540 mm for averagehydrological year. Water deficit occurs in May, June, July and August in the amount of323.9 mm for the most dry, 178.4 mm for the most rainy and 222.1 mm for averagehydrological year. In the study area, alluvial soil is predominant (fluvisol), which is ofa light mechanical composition (sandy loam) and favorable chemical characteristics foralfalfa growing.

Multielement and Rare Earth Element Composition of the Soil and Lichen from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The main objective of this study is to assess the level of contamination from mercury and other elements in the Sarajevo area. The soil and lichen samples (Hypogymnia physodes) were collected from selected areas there were nine soil sites and four sites for lichens. Validated and standardized analytical procedures were used in order to compare the obtained results with data from other countries in Europe. The accuracy of the results obtained by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for total mercury and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for other elements (Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ho, In, K, La, Mo, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr, Rb, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Tm, U, W, Yb, Zn, and Zr) was verified by the use of certified reference materials. Results obtained for mercury showed that at three sites (Butmir, PMF, and Blekin potok) the mercury concentrations in the soil were much higher, 5 to 10 times higher, than the allowed values. All lichens samples examined contained low mercury concentrations that cannot be correlated with the mercury contents in the soil. Comparison of the multielemental analysis of the lichen H. physodes and surface soils samples is also presented.

The Importance of Groundwater Vulnerability Maps in the Protection of Groundwater Sources. Key Study: Sarajevsko Polje

In order to ensure effective protection of groundwater sources, it is important to take into account all pollutants and activities that may present a potential risk. In the last period, as a useful tool in the protection of groundwater vulnerability mapping is applied. There are many methods for mapping groundwater vulnerability, some of which are more applicable than others. Although the use of and the choice of methods for assessing vulnerability depending on data availability, scale mapping, spatial distribution of data, hydrogeological and hydrological characteristics and many other parameters that serve as inputs for obtaining valid results.In this regard, this paper will analyze several methods for assessing the vulnerability of groundwater, which can be applied to the source of groundwater in the Sarajevo area. After the analysis, the results of completed vulnerability assessment, and mapping of groundwater vulnerability in the exploration area will be displayed using the COP method. The results will be presented with the help of GIS tools and presented in the form of maps of vulnerability for the catchment area of Sarajevsko Polje.

The role of natural supplement of apple vinegar and syrup in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: The increased risk of coronary artery disease in diabetics could be explained by the lipoprotein irregularities associated with diabetes mellitus. The primary aim of this study is to examine the role of apple vinegar and syrup in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The interventional study included 500 participants (195 men and 305 women) with dyslipidemia and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 50-70 years, living in Sarajevo area. Patients were recruited from 5 outpatient diabetes counselling departments and treated with natural apple vinegar and syrup supplementation over a period of five weeks. The patients have been evaluated before treatment and 5 weeks after the treatment. During the study, dosage of drugs for diabetes or prediabetes was not changed.Results: After 5 weeks of supplementation with apple vinegar and syrup waist circumference (p=0.016), total cholesterol (p=0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p=0.008) and triglycerides (p=0.019) were significantly reduced, as well as blood pressure (-14%). Study results show decrease of mean fasting blood levels of glucose, but statistically not significant (p=0.058). The body mass index also decreased insignificantly (p=0.089). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was not increased significantly after supplementation (p=0.26).Conclusion: According to our results, apple vinegar has important role in reduction of total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and waist circumference in patients with type 2 diabetes. Also, it has positive effect on blood pressure.

Influence of coffee consumption on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: Complex etiology of osteoporosis include genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The aim of this study was to examine influence of coffee consumption on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.Methods: This prospective study included 100 postmenopausal women, aged 50-65 years living in Sarajevo area, with estrogen deficiency in their menstrual history. The controlled clinical trials were conducted. Two groups were formed (based on bone mineral density values). The examination group included 50 women who had osteoporosis, while the control group included 50 women without osteoporosis (osteopenia, normal bone mineral density). The lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density was measured by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Coffee drinking habits were assessed for each subject.Results: The average daily intake of coffee in women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history was at 267.6 ml in the examination group and in the control group 111.6 ml. The difference in the average daily intake of coffee between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was registered significant correlation between intake of coffee and bone mineral density in examination (p < 0.01) and in control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study indicates that coffee consumption is a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, aged 50-65 years living in Sarajevo area, with estrogen deficiency in their menstrual history. It was shown that the effects of coffee on bone mineral density are dose-dependent.

Heavy Metals in Street Dust in Sarajevo Area, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Heavy metal pollutant in urban street dust has become a growing concern in recent years. Street dust samples from urban and suburban areas were collected from the Sarajevo area, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the spring season of 2013. Samples were collected from low and high density traffic roads, industrial zones, parks, parking places, hospitals and local health centres, school gardens. The levels of heavy metals of street dusts were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, iron, manganese, lead and zinc levels in the dust samples were found in the range of 0.58–3.65, 3.42–60.82, 5.49– 388, 9.31–161, 647–2244, 6.10–13.32, 31.63-1760 and 40.29–378 μg/g, respectively. The highest metal concentrations were found in samples from industrial zone and in the streets with heavy traffic. The lowest levels of the metal concentrations were found in the samples from health centres and school gardens. The concentrations of the metals were, in most of cases, similar to the mean world-wide contents of the street dust samples. Correlations between heavy trace metal levels of the dust samples were also evaluated.

Influence of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: Estrogen deficiency leads to bone mass loss and increased risk for osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine influence of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.Methods: The total of 100 postmenopausal women living in Sarajevo area, aged 50-65 years, with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history participated in this prospective study. The subjects were divided in two groups, examination and control group, based on bone mineral density values. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis while in the control group were women with osteopenia or normal bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Smoking habits were assessed for each subject.Results: The average number of cigarettes smoked per day in women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history was 14.86 in the examination group and 4.67 in the control group. The difference in the average number of cigarettes smoked per day between the two groups was statistically significant (p <0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the examination group was statistically significant (p<0.01). The coefficient of linear correlation between T score and the number of cigarettes smoked per day among women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history in the control group was statistically significant ( p<0.05).Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that cigarette smoking has negative impact on bone mineral density and that healthy lifestyle (no smoking) has the potential to reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency in menstrual history.

Physical activity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history

Introduction: The estrogen defi ciency after menopause leads to accelerated loss of bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine influence of physical activity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who hadn’t a deficit of estrogen in their menstrual history.Methods: This prospective study included 100 postmenopausal women, ages between 50 and 65, living in Sarajevo area without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history. The women in the examination group had osteoporosis. The women in the control group had osteopenia or normal mineral bone density. Mineral bone density was measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. To assess level of physical activity an International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form was used.Results: In the examination group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen deficit, level of physical activity was low in 52.00% female, and in 48.00% women level of physical activity was moderate. In the control group of women who had no history of menstrual estrogen defi cit in 10.00% female level of physical activity was low, and in 90.00% female level of physical activity was moderate. The difference in levels of physical activity between the two groups was statistically significant, X2 test = 20.6, p <0.005.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that moderate physical activity has positive impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women without estrogen defi ciency in menstrual history and has the potential to reduce rapid bone loss after menopause.

Dietary calcium intake and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women living in Sarajevo area

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial polygenetic disease of which the genetic determinants are modulated by hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. Identifi cation of the risk factors for osteoporosisrelated to nutrition is important in the prevention and treatment of this disease, considering that these factors can be modifi ed. The aim of this study was to examine infl uence of dietary calcium intake on bonemineral density in postmenopausal women who hadn’t a deficit of estrogen in their menstrual history.Methods: A total of 100 postmenopausal women living in Sarajevo area, aged 50-65 years, without estrogen deficiency in menstrual history were included in the study. Mineral bone density was measured at the lumbarspine and proximal femur by Dual–Energy X–ray Absorptiometry using Hologic QDR-4000 scanner. Examination and control group were formed based on mineral bone density values. The women in the examinationgroup had osteoporosis. The women in the control group had osteopenia or normal mineral bone density. Estimates of daily dietary calcium intake were performed based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire.Results: The average daily intake of dietary calcium among women who had osteoporosis was 967.32 mg, and in women who hadn’t osteoporosis 1195.12 mg. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was registered signifi cant correlation between intake of dietary calcium and mineral bone density in examination (p<0.01) and in control group (p<0.01).Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that adequate daily intake of dietary calcium in postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years living in Sarajevo area, which hadn’t estrogen defi ciency in their menstrualhistory (in the group of women without osteoporosis amounted to 1195.12 mg) has a positive impact on bone mineral density.

P-284 - Assessing post-war problems among youth in bosnia & serbia

The Balkan wars of 1991–2002 had its greatest impact on the greater Sarajevo area in Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Dayton Accord and in the Pancevo region during the March to June NATO bombing attacks in 1999. An unresolved problem surrounding these events is the fact that sectarianism remains as much a problem today as it did during the conflict itself. The 70th Rose-Roth Seminar at the NATO Parliamentary Assembly in 2009 noted that sectarianism among Bosniaks, Bosnian Croat Catholics and Orthodox Serbs is being reinforced by both parents and schools with youth today being “more provincial than their parents.”Our study measues the extent of youth issues among these populations using a Slavic-language version of the “Problem-Oriented Screening Instrument (POSIT) as a comparative measure of ten items: Substance Use/Abuse; Physical Health; Mental Health; Family Relations; Peer Relations; Educational Status; Vocational Status; Social Skills; Leisure & Recreation; and Aggressive Behavior/Delinguency. In 2010/2011 we administered the POSIT to the Croatian Catholic School in Kiseljak; the RS High School in East Sarajevo; the Persian Bosnian College (high school) in Sarajevo and the High School of Mechanical Engineering in Pancevo, Serbia. The data articluates the significance of mental health and social problems among these youth.

ZDRAVSTVENO STANJE URBANOG DRVEĆA SARAJEVA S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA ŠTETE OD SNIJEGA

UDK 630*4:712(497.6 Sarajevo)
 This paper analyzes the health status of trees in the avenues of the city of Sarajevo. Special attention is paid to abiotic harmful influences, snow precipitation and mechanical damage of trees, as the initial factors of destabilization of their health status.
 Sarajevo area is characterized by a moderate continental climate occurring as a result of the influence of central European climate from the north and the Mediterranean climate from the south and of the variety of the terrain. This type of climate is characterized by hot summers and relatively cold winters. Because of severe thermal influence of the Adriatic Sea autumn is warmer than spring. Distribution of precipitation in Sarajevo is characterized by summer (primary) and autumn (secondary) peaks. Specific weather conditions in this area, in some years, result in early or late snowfall the consequences of which are damages of vegetation cover.
 The results of this research confirmed significant damages of the trees resulted from the adverse effects of snow in October 2009 (branches fractures, split of the stem and fracture of tree crowns). The resulting injuries are suitable openings for the penetration of rot causing microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and colonization of insects which is why we can expect further deterioration in the health status of trees in the future. The paper suggests activities the implementation of which can reduce these harmful effects of biotic factors.

Chromosome Aberrations as Bioindicators of Environmental Genotoxicity

Due to the exposure to various potentially genotoxic xenobiotics, derived from recent war activities such as NATO air strikes with antitank ammunition containing depleted uranium, we have evaluated chromosome aberrations in 84 peripheral blood samples from three local populations. One population sample included 30 individuals who lived in the Sarajevo area during and after the war (exposed to potential genotoxins), second population was presented with 26 employees of the tank repair facility in Hadzići (target of NATO air strikes), and 28 inhabitants of Posusje (not exposed to war-related activities) were treated as sample of control population. The mean of chromosome aberration frequencies for the population from Hadzići was significantly higher than the frequencies for the two other populations. Point bi-serial coefficient analysis did not reveal any relationship between the frequencies of chromosome aberrations and smoking habits or gender. Results suggest that depleted uranium could be a risk factor for human health.

An epidemiological survey of tinea capitis in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina over a 10‐year period

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Sarajevo area, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during a 10-year period (1997-2006). A total of 707 patients with suspected dermatophyte infections of scalp was analysed. Tinea capitis was determined in 241 (34.1%) of these patients, in whom causative agents were identified in 209 (29.6%). Zoophilic dermatophytes (91.8%) prevailed over anthropophilic (7.2%) and geophilic (1.0%) dermatophytes. Microsporum canis was the most frequent dermatophyte isolated (90.4%), followed by Trichophyton schoenleinii (2.4%) and Trichophyton violaceum (1.9%). The majority of infections occurred in males (56.5%) and in children with age less than 10 years (52.6%).

Source Apportionment of Atmospheric PAHs in the Western Balkans by Natural Abundance Radiocarbon Analysis

Progress in source apportionment of priority combustion-derived atmospheric pollutants can be made by an inverse approach to inventory emissions, namely, receptor-based compound class-specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) of target pollutants. In the present study, CCSRA of the combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the atmosphere of the countries of the former republic of Yugoslavia was performed. The carbon stable isotope composition (delta13C) of PAHs varied between -27.68 and -27.19 per thousand, whereas delta14C values ranged from -568 per thousand for PAHs sampled in Kosovo to -288 per thousand for PAHs sampled in the Sarajevo area. The application of an isotopic mass balance model to these delta14C data revealed a significant contribution (35-65%) from the combustion of non-fossil material to the atmospheric PAH pollution, even in urban and industrialized areas. Furthermore, consistency was observed between the isotopic composition of PAHs obtained by high-volume sampling and those collected by passive sampling. This encourages the use of passive samplers for CCSRA applications. This marks the first time that a CCSRA investigation could be executed on a geographically wide scale, providing a quantitative field-based source apportionment, which points out that also non-fossil combustion processes should be targeted for remedial action.