SAR Values Research Articles

Improved heating efficiency of bifunctional MnFe2O4/ZnS nanocomposite for magnetic hyperthermia application

MnFe2O4/ZnS magneto-fluorescent nanocomposite were synthesized by simple co-precipitation method and its structural, morphological, optical and magnetic characterization were done by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and VSM techniques. The presence of MnFe2O4 and ZnS in the nanocomposites was confirmed by XRD. Magnetic study shows that the nanoparticles manifest near superparamagnetic behaviour with a small coercivity of ∼66 G at room temperature and saturation magnetization significantly increases after coating ZnS on the surface of MnFe2O4 core. The FTIR study confirms the incorporation of ZnS nanoparticles on the surface of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. PL spectra demonstrated the red shifted emission of nanocomposites as compared with that of pure ZnS. The heating efficiency of the nanocomposites is measured by its SAR and ILP values. This study exhibits the quantitative link between the sizes and saturation magnetization which is intimately intertwined with the heating efficiency of the nanoparticles.

Bifunctional (Zn,Fe)3O4 nanoparticles: Tuning their efficiency for potential application in reagentless glucose biosensors and magnetic hyperthermia

In a new approach based on a two-step procedure, co-precipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment in a microwave field, Zn-substituted Fe3O4 nanoparticles (ZnxFe3-xO4) were synthesized. Results of XRD, FT–IR and TEM analysis clearly demonstrate that nanoparticles were single phase, crystallizing in the spinel structure type (S.G. Fd3¯m) with crystallite size in the range of 2–20 nm, which strongly depends on Zn concentration. The produced nanoparticles were used for fabrication of modified carbon paste electrodes as a novel system for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose detection. It was found that the increase of zinc concentration up to the value of x = 0.56 (Zn0.56Fe2.44O4) of as-prepared nanoparticles was followed with an increase of a performance of the modified carbon paste electrode toward glucose detection. Linear working range from 0.1 to 2 mM was obtained with detection limit of 0.03 mM, and with fast response time (<3 s). Proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of glucose level in real samples with satisfactory recovery. The synthesized zinc-ferrite samples were also tested as potential heating agents in magnetic hyperthermia. The heating ability (SAR value) increases with x value, reaching maximum for x = 0.37. This is correlated with changes of particle size and magnetic characteristics which strongly depend on Zn concentration.

Changes in soil chemistry after the application of gypsum and sulfur and irrigation with coal seam water

Irrigation with alkaline and sodic groundwater, including water extracted from coal seams (CS-water), has the potential to cause environmental harm through the degradation of soil structure. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soil amendment prior to irrigation with CS-water (pH 9.39, sodium adsorption ratio [SAR] 83) on the soil chemical properties of two soils, a Red Ultisol and a Red-Brown Ultisol. Repacked columns of soil were amended with either gypsum alone or with gypsum combined with elemental sulfur (S). These amendments were either surface applied or incorporated to a depth of 20 cm, with columns irrigated with the equivalent of 36 ML ha−1 CS-water. In the Red Ultisol, soil solution SAR was maintained in the desired range of 10–25 in amended soils, which was generally similar to that achieved in control soils irrigated with pre-treated CS-water where the alkalinity had been neutralized with H2SO4 and sodicity ameliorated by dosing with micronized gypsum prior to irrigation. In the Red-Brown Ultisol soil solution SAR values were higher. Surface-application of amendments (soil solution SAR values of 10–40) was more effective than incorporation (soil solution values of 80–120). Soil solution pH decreased with gypsum and S amendment of the Red Ultisol by up to ≤2.0 pH units, despite irrigation with alkaline CS-water. In contrast, soil solution pH was more difficult to maintain in the Red-Brown Ultisol, with pH increasing to ≈8.0 in most treatments. The results demonstrate that alkaline and sodic CS-water can be chemically ameliorated successfully within the soil profile by the addition of gypsum and S amendments, although the efficacy of chemical amendment depends upon the method of incorporation and soil properties.

Predictive value of simulated SAR and temperature for changes in measured temperature after phase-amplitude steering during locoregional hyperthermia treatments

Introduction: On-line adaptive hyperthermia treatment planning can be useful to suppress treatment limiting hot spots and improve tumor temperatures during locoregional hyperthermia. This requires adequate prediction of changes in heating patterns after phase-amplitude steering. We investigated the predictive value of simulated SAR and temperature for changes in measured temperature after phase-amplitude steering during locoregional hyperthermia.Methods: All treatment sessions of 75 patients with pelvic malignancies treated between September 2013 and March 2018 were evaluated. Phase-amplitude adaptations during the 60 min steady-state period were analyzed. Treatment planning was performed using Plan2Heat, based on CT scans with (thermometry) catheters in the vagina, rectum, and bladder in situ. The predicted SAR and temperature along the thermometry tracks were extracted from the simulated distributions. Correlations between changes in average measured temperature and the simulated SAR and temperature were evaluated for single phase-amplitude steering events, unaccompanied by other (steering) actions.Results: A total of 67 phase-amplitude steering events were suitable for analysis. Simulated changes in both SAR and temperature correlated with the measured temperature changes. For the vagina, R2 = 0.44 and R2 = 0.55 for SAR and temperature, respectively. For the rectum, these values were 0.53 for SAR and 0.66 for temperature. Correlations for the bladder were weaker: R2 = 0.15 and R2 = 0.14 for SAR and temperature, respectively. This can be explained by convection in the bladder fluid, unaccounted for by present treatment planning.Conclusion: Treatment planning can predict changes in an average temperature after phase-amplitude steering. This allows on-line support with phase-amplitude steering to optimize hyperthermia treatments.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN QARUN LAKE

To assess water quality of Qarun lake, forty-six of lake water samples were collected during the period from 2014 to 2015. Value of pH of Qarun lake ranged from 8.22 to 8.32. Value of alkalinity ranged from 9.8 to 33.4 ppm. ECw values ranged from 26.5 to 40.99 dS.m-1. Qarun lake contained the soluble cations in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+. The SAR of the studied water in Qarun lake ranged from 274 to 400with a mean value of 337. The highest value of SAR occurred in season 2015 while the lowest one was in 2014. The hardiness value of Qarun lake ranged from 602 to 1567ppm. The COD values were higher than that of ECP501,2015. they ranged from 1168 to 1293 ppm. Different macro and micronutrients were more than the permissible limits. Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied using ten parameters of water quality (pH, Chloride, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Iron (Fe), Phosphate (PO4-3), Chromium (Cr), Boron (B), Hardiness, Ammonium and Nitrate ). The results indicated that water quality of Qarun lake decayed from the year 2014 to 2015 and could be categorized into Unsuitable class. The effect of anthropogenic activities was obvious on some parameters such as nitrate and ammonium. Monitoring the water quality of Qaroun lake is necessary for proper management.

Split ring resonator metamaterial loads for compact Hepta band printed inverted F antenna with circular polarization

AbstractThe printed inverted F antenna (PIFA) has been developed in various shapes for the wireless application. In this paper, we have developed a novel shape based on loop antenna where it is in interaction with the split ring resonator (SRR) load and the extended ground by two vias for multi‐band antenna to cover, GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS, GSM1900, WCDMA 100, 802.11b/g, LTE2600, and 802.11a/n. The antenna total dimensions are 100 mm × 60 mm and it is fabricated on a low‐cost FR‐4 substrate. The prototype antenna has omnidirectional pattern and VSWR is lower than 3 for wireless requested frequency. We obtained 2‐4 dBi antenna gain plus 70% efficiency and circular polarization at 2.5 and 5.5 GHz. The prototype antenna shows low SAR for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 while it has checked for 1 g and 10 g with maximum value of 0.942 and 1.27 W/kg for 900 and 1800 MHz, respectively. In this new survey, the SAR value is decreased sensitively as per previous range in PIFA. The prototype has simulated with HFSS and CST that we used full wave method in both simulation software and finally we compared simulation and experimental result.

Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate

In this article, a novel compact hexagonal slot antenna for wearable devices is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed using textile substrates such as Polyester, Jeans and Cotton. The design and simulation is performed using Ansys High Frequency Structural Simulator. The simulated prototype is fabricated and tested for verification using Vector Network analyser. Results reveal that the proposed prototype provides a return loss of about − 34 dB and bandwidth from 3.9 to 6.5 GHz for cotton substrate. Human hand phantom has been modeled to measure Specific absorption rate using CST-MWS. The average SAR values for Polyester, Jeans and Cotton are 0.02036 W/kg, 0.04839 W/kg and 0.01035 W/kg respectively.

Assessment of quality contributing parameters using hydrochemistry and hydrogeology for irrigation in intermontane Manipur valley in northeast India

Agriculture contributes a major share to the domestic products and provides employment of ~ 22.13% of the total workers in the Manipur Valley which has a population of nearly 2 million. The irrigation index parameters like Sodium Absorption Ratio, % Na, Permeability Index, Kelly's Index, Magnesium Hazard, Residual Sodium Carbonate and Base Exchange of groundwater in MV have been evaluated. SAR values indicate that 22% of the total samples are found unsuitable in which 19% belongs to piedmont groundwater. % Na shows that 12% of the total sample representing Piedmont Zone is unsuitable. PI indicates that 41% of samples fall into category III in Doneen's diagram representing bad quality. KI shows that 34% of samples are unsuitable in which Piedmont Zone, Alluvial Plain and Flood Plain shares 22%, 9%, and 3% of total samples respectively. MH reveals that 50% of samples have > 50% MH which causes detrimental effects on the agricultural yield. RSC shows that 28% of samples are unsuitable where most of the samples are from PZ. The expanded Durov indicates that groundwater is dominated by Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 facies suggesting initial and intermediate stages of chemical evolution under ion mixing process. The hydrogeologic section implies that the initial stage of evolution takes place in PZ while intermediate stage undergo in AP and FP. The unsuitable groundwater in PZ is due to encrustation of gypsum, halite and evaporates in Disang shales. Thus, the evaluation of common irrigation indices is found useful in assessing the groundwater quality for irrigation in Manipur valley.

Soil salinity, sodicity and cotton yield parameters under different drip irrigation regimes during saline wasteland reclamation

A field trial consisting of cotton grown employing a combination of ridge planting, mulching with film, and drip irrigation was laid out on a plot with severely saline soil in a typical inland arid area of Xinjiang. The effect of five levels of soil matric potential set up 0.2 m below the drip emitter, namely −5 kPa, −10 kPa, −15 kPa, −20 kPa, and −25 kPa, were studied in terms of changes in soil salinity (ECe), sodicity (SAR), crop growth and yield components. Drip irrigation increased the leaching of soil salts and decreased the ECe and SAR of each soil layer. Although the levels of soil salt rose again, in spring and winter, after irrigation was discontinued, the root zone (0–40 cm) remained less saline: the ECe and SAR value under the soil matric potential of −5 kPa and −10 kPa were 63% and 49% of its values in 2009 respectively, before the land was brought under cultivation (p ≤ 0.05), showing maximum leaching. The yield of cotton peaked at the soil matric potential of −5 kPa. The germination rate, which was the main factor that influenced the cotton yield, was 67% of that in non-saline soil in the first two years, and increased to 84% in the third year. After three years, the rate of germination in all the treatments exceeded 67%, and the highest rate (78%) was at −5 kPa; in the same treatment, boll yield was 4.40 g per plant. Except for germination rate and the yield of lint and seed, all the yield components increased significantly (p ≤0.05) as ECe and SAR decreased in 2010 and 2011. The correlation between soil salt (salinity and sodicity) and other components such as the number of cotton bolls per plant, the average weight of a boll, and lint percentage varied, probably because water supply was being regulated and, as a result, the physicochemical properties of the soil kept changing constantly. Taking into account the extent of leaching, crop growth, and yield, the lower limit for the soil matric potential should be −5 kPa at 20 cm below the dripper for the first three years during reclamation to promote cotton cultivation on the saline-sodic soil of Xinjiang.

2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.

Deleterious effects of MW radiation on the male reproduction are well studied. Previous reports although suggest that 2.45 GHz MW irradiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress adversely affects the male reproductive function but the detailed molecular mechanism occurring behind it has yet to be elucidated. The aim of present study was to investigate the underlying detailed pathway of the testicular apoptosis induced by free radical load and redox imbalance due to 2.45 GHz MW radiation exposure and the degree of severity along with the increased exposure duration. Twelve-week old male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation [continuous-wave (CW) with overall average Power density of 0.0248 mW/cm2 and overall average whole body SAR value of 0.0146 W/kg] for 2 hr/day over a period of 15, 30, and 60 days. Testicular histology, serum testosterone, ROS, NO, MDA level, activity of antioxidant enzymes, expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax), anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL ), cytochrome-c, inactive/active caspase-3, and uncleaved PARP-1 were evaluated. Findings suggest that 2.45 GHz MW radiation exposure induced testicular redox imbalance not only leads to enhanced testicular apoptosis via p53 dependent Bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway, but also increases the degree of apoptotic severity in a duration dependent manner.

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and GIS technique in Modjo River Basin, central Ethiopia

Groundwater is main sources of water supply in Modjo River Basin. In this study, 31 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed to determine suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation uses. Spatial variation map of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K +) and anions (HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−, F−, Cl−) were produced using IDW interpolation in GIS. Piper pilot show that, Ca–Na–HCO3, Na–Ca–HCO3 (mixed) and Na–HCO3 water types are found in study area. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are dominant in highland aquifer whereas Na+ is dominant in rift valley aquifer. HCO3− is the dominant anion in all samples. Rock-water interaction and cation exchange along groundwater flow path are responsible for the current characteristics of hydrogeochemical facies. Water quality index using quality rating scale to evaluate the suitability of water for drinking purpose shows that 3.23% and 93.54% of groundwater samples fall within excellent and good water quality, respectively. On the other hand 3.23% of groundwater samples fall within poor water quality. From the computation of SAR values it was found that 97% of groundwater samples are in suitable class and the remaining 3% constituting doubtful class for irrigation use. RSC value shows that, 9.67% of groundwater samples fall in good categories for irrigation use. Whereas, 41.93% samples falls in doubtful and 48.38% samples falls in unsuitable categories for irrigation use. In general, geogenic process and anthropogenic activities such as urban sewages and fertilizers are factors governing groundwater chemistry of study area.

PENGARUH VARIASI BERAT BADAN TERHADAP KENAIKAN TEMPERATUR TUBUH DAN NILAI SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE PADA PEMERIKSAAN MRI BRAIN

Background : MRI brain is a routine examination, after finished examination will felt warm and sweaty on the back. The heat produced by the SAR effect affected by the body weight examined. This research to determine increasing body temperature and SAR value after MRI brain examination based on different body weight.&#x0D; Methods :The kind of this research is experiment. Research has been done at thirteen (13) samples with characteristic as follows : consisted of 3 men and 10 women with variation of body weight 45 kg until 75 kg. Samples had normal body temperature, no abnormalities in the head, and no claustrophobia. Each samples measure body weight and body temperature before MRI examination, then performed examination of MRI brain used brain routine protocol during 19 minutes 49 seconds. After that, measure body temperature again to find the increasing body temperature and saw the SAR value on SAR information. Then analyzed the affection of the variation of body weight and increasing body temperature, and variation of body weight and SAR value. Data were analysed statistically by using Linear Regression test.&#x0D; Results : The results showed that there were significant affection between variation of body weight and increasing body temperature (p value&lt;0,05) significant with very strong influence (R Square=0,889) and negative correlation with equation y=2,098–0,024x.On variation of body weight and SAR value showed that there were significant affection (p value&lt;0,05) with medium influence (R Square=0,596) and positive correlation with equation y=0,214+0,004x.&#x0D; Conclusion : Based on these results indicate thatmore body weight, increase body temperature will decrease due to the fat in people overweight and more body weight, SAR value will increase according the amount of RF exposure required

Low-Profile Conical-Pattern Slot Antenna With Wideband Performance Using Artificial Magnetic Conductors

A slot antenna with conical patterns and wideband performance based on artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs) is presented in this paper. It has four symmetrical square radiating slots and a meandered feeding network etched on the both sides of the upper substrate to achieve a compact size. Wideband performance is achieved by tuning the resonant frequencies of the one-wavelength slot and quarter-wavelength monopole modes close to each other. The electric fields generated by these four slots cancel each other, resulting in a radiation null in the center. And the AMC surface converts the radiation pattern into conical pattern. The simulation and measurement results on $S_{11}$ , radiation patterns, efficiencies, realized gains, and SAR values are given. The performance of the proposed antenna in a practical helmet model is studied. The results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.83–6.25 GHz (1.42 GHz, 25.6%), maximum gain of 6 dBi at the elevation angle of 36°, and low 1 g SAR values of less than 0.22 W/kg for the application of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN system.

Do Precision Chemical Amendment Applications Impact Sodium Movement in Dryland Semiarid Saline Sodic Soils?

Core Ideas Worldwide, salinity and sodicity problems in the dryland systems are increasing.Standard restoration methods created for irrigated systems may not be appropriate in dryland systems.Bypass water flow that occurs in northern Great Plains saline/sodic soils may impact restoration success.New approach EC/SAR ratio to assess saline and sodic soil behavior. Expanding sodicity and salinity problems have placed many northern Great Plains (NGP) soils at the sustainability tipping point. This study assessed the impact of chemical restoration on water and salt transport in undisturbed soil columns collected from three hillslope model landscape positions. The backslope (Redfield), footslope (White Lake), and toeslope (Pierpont) soils had moderate (3.27 ± 0.59), high (7.3 ± 3.34), and very high (13.29 ± 3.2) sodium adsorption ratio (SARe) values, respectively. The soils were treated with KBr and one of four soil amendments (none, H2SO4, CaSO4, and CaCl2). The rapid movement of Br− through the columns suggested that bypass water flow occurred. In addition, a comparison with widely used salinity models (final EC = 0.8 × initial EC/pore volume [PV]) underestimated the leaching requirements by 69, 79, and 41% in the backslope, footslope, and toeslope soils. In the footslope soils with high SAR values, H2SO4 was more effective at promoting Na+ leaching than gypsum or CaCl2. However, in back slope and toeslope soils with moderate and very high SAR values, the chemical amendments were not, and were equally effective at facilitating Na+ leaching, respectively. These findings suggest that chemical amendments should target treatments to problem areas, and that bypass flow can influence their effectiveness. The LOESS regression model suggested that the electrical conductivity (ECe)/SARe ratio was useful for assessing Na+ risks, and that to maintain a water flow rate of 1 mm h−1 in a soil with a SARe value of 1, an ECe value of ≥2 was required.

GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES AT THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE RIVER NILE– MINIA DISTRICT- EGYPT

The main goal of this research is assessment the groundwater resources for irrigation purposes at the western portion of the River Nile –Minia district- Egypt. The research depend on representation and calculation the resulted of chemical analysis of 96 groundwater samples collected from 96 pumping well During autumns 2011 from quaternary aquifer. the resulted reviled that; 25% of groundwater samples within the range of none restriction on use and the rest are margin according TDS content, most of samples are good for irrigation in all soils as they located in classes (C2-S1) and (C3-S1) and suitable for irrigation all crops as belong to SAR values and RSC hazard. But it restricted by boron ion concentration.

Discovery and Optimization of Potent and CNS Penetrant M5-Preferring Positive Allosteric Modulators Derived from a Novel, Chiral N-(Indanyl)piperidine Amide Scaffold.

The pharmacology of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is the least understood of the five mAChR subtypes due to a historic lack of selective small molecule tools. To address this shortcoming, we have continued the optimization effort around the prototypical M5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) ML380 and have discovered and optimized a new series of M5 PAMs based on a chiral N-(indanyl)piperidine amide core with robust SAR, human and rat M5 PAM EC50 values <100 nM and rat brain/plasma Kp values of ∼0.40. Interestingly, unlike M1 and M4 PAMs with unprecedented mAChR subtype selectivity, this series of M5 PAMs displayed varying degrees of PAM activity at the other two natively Gq-coupled mAChRs, M1 and M3, yet were inactive at M2 and M4.

Wearable planar inverted‐F antenna with stable characteristic and low specific absorption rate

AbstractA dual band PIFA antenna with EBG structure in application to wearable communication system is investigated in this article. The proposed antenna is designed to work at 2.4/5.8 GHz WLAN band by two horizontal radiation units, and then the dual band EBG with two rectangular rings is designed, which is quite a simple structure. The two zero‐reflection phases and band‐gaps of S21&lt;−20 dB are observed in the designed working bands. Both of the measurement and simulation show that the performance of the proposed antenna under bending condition is stable, and by virtue of the EBG structures, several significant characteristics are obtained such as the unidirectional radiation, high gain, and low SAR value, which are necessary for WBAN applications.

Evaluation of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xBxO3 (B=Mo, Ti) nanoparticles synthesized via GNP method for self-controlled hyperthermia

This current work deals with the study of the magnetic and biomedical characterization of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xBxO3 (B=Mo, Ti) nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications. Our nanoparticles were prepared through an aqueous combustion process (Glycine Nitrate Process, GNP), and are characterized with a mean crystallite size about 18 nm.The incorporation of Ti4+ and Mo6+ in Mn-site induced a structural transition from rhombohedral structure with R-3 C space group for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 compound to orthorhombic one with Pnma space group for La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Mo0.05O3 and La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Ti0.05O3 compounds. The morphological properties indicated a variation in grain size ranging from 82 to 90 nm with doping extra element in manganese site. All samples exhibit a classical behavior from ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) state as the temperature increases. A decrease in Curie temperature (TC) has been remarked from 84 °C to 70 °C and 82 °C for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Ti0.05O3, La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.95Mo0.05O3 respectively. According to the Arrott plots, the slopes of the curves of all the samples are positive, which is a signature of second order transition.The magnetic heating characteristics in AC field were measured in alternating magnetic fields of 23.89 mT at a fixed frequency of 518.7 kHz. The intrinsic loss power (ILP) has been calculated from SAR values. The different nanoparticles with a high ILP may be useful for the in situ hyperthermia treatment of cancer cells.

Simulation Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission System for Biomedical Applications

In recent years, more and more implantable medical devices have been used in the medical field. Some of these devices, such as brain pacemakers, require long-term power support. The WPT(wireless power transmission) technology which is more convenient and economical than replacing the battery by surgery, has become the first choice of many patients. In this paper, we design a WPT system that can be used in implantable medical devices, simulate the transmission efficiency of the system in the air and in the head model, and simulate the SAR value when the system working in the head model. The results show that when implantation depth of the secondary coil is 3 mm, the efficiency of the system can reach 45%, and the maximum average SAR value is 2.19 W / kg, slightly higher than the standard of IEEE.

Assessment of Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Quality of Chanchaga Irrigation Scheme I, Minna, Niger State

The extent to which salinity is increasing in arid and semi-arid regions recently has become a concern in irrigation and non-irrigation land. In view of this, the study evaluated soil salinity and irrigation water quality at Chanchaga Irrigation Scheme I, Minna, Niger State with the aim of assessing the soil fertility status and irrigation water source of the scheme. The study took soil samples at 0 - 30cm depth from irrigated and non-irrigated plots and water was taken from the main point of the border irrigation system. Both soil and water sample collected were subjected to laboratory analysis. The study determined sodium absorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage of soil and water parameters analyzed in the laboratory. The Levene's test for equality of variances was performed on the concentration of the parameters analyzed in both soil (irrigated and non-irrigated plot) and water of the scheme. The study reveals that the sodium concentration was found higher in the irrigated plot than control plot and the EC and SAR values of the irrigated plot was classified as sodic. The SAR and other exchangeable values in both irrigated and non-irrigated plot have equal variances (&gt; 0.10) with the exception of chlorine which is significant. The level of potassium in the water was higher and sodic in nature. The study concluded that the sodium hazard in both soil and water was higher than the desirable limits. It is important to take the soil sample of the whole plots so as to examine the salt variation in the scheme