Santolina Alcohol Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Essential oil obtained from DCM Extracts of Psoralea corylifolia against Agricultural pest

The insecticidal activity of essential oils obtained from DCM extracts of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae) against pupa of Epilachna insect was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Insecticidal activity was determined at 24 ± 4°C and 68 ± 5% R.H., in dark conditions. The DCM extracts of the dried seeds of the plants were subjected to Column chromatography and the oil obtained was then subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus. The major components in these essential oils are identified using GC-MS spectroscopy and their insecticidal activity was tested. The predominant components in the oil of Psoralea corylifolia are toluene, alpha-pinene, L-beta-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, Gamma terpinene, terpinolene, alpha santolina alcohol, 4-terpineol, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl ethenyl), caryophyllene, alpha caryophyllene, thumbergene. The mortality rate of the agricultural pests was checked against 1%, 5% and 10% conc. of essential oil. The essential oil from Psoralea corylifolia shows strong toxic effect against pupa of Epilachna insect. Finding insecticidal activity is of great importance as using plant extracts as insecticides, are biodegrable and do not leave toxic residues results in better crop and better human health.

Yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] growing wild at different sites in Morocco

ABSTRACTThe chemical variability of the essential oils isolated from Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] full flowering aerial parts, was evaluated. C. mixtus populations were collected from nine regions in Morocco: Benguerir, Bouznika, Chefchaouane, Kenitra, Meknes, Oujda, Settat, Sidi Alal Ibahraoui and Tamesna. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yields of the essential oils ranged between 0.1% and 0.8% (v/d.w.). Only five of the nine essential oil samples analysed showed good correlation after agglomerative cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of the essential oils. These samples (Benguerir, Kenitra, Settat, Meknes and Tamesna) were characterized by the dominance of camphor (14–27%), β‐myrcene (3–17%) and santolina triene (3–15%). All these and Chefchaouane essential oils showed a blue colour, whereas Oujda, Bouznika and Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oils were yellow. β‐Myrcene (3–17%), trans‐β‐farnesene (18%) and 2‐tridecanone (16%) dominated the Chefchaouane essential oil, whereas trans‐β‐farnesene (43%) was the main component in the Oujda essential oil. 2‐Methyl‐2‐trans‐butenyl methacrylate (34%) dominated sample Bouznika, while santolina alcohol and 1,8‐cineole (17% and 12%, respectively) in the Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oil. The variability of Moroccan chamomile essential oil may reflect negatively upon its quality, biological activity and commercial value, thus harvests from the wild population should be avoided. To meet the high‐quality standards and production efficiency, cultivation techniques adapted to local soil types and weather conditions, as well the correct selection of plant varieties most suited to the market should be followed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Volatile Oil Constituents of Different Parts of Artemisia Chamaemelifolia and the Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Aerial Parts of A. Turcomanica from Iran

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts, stem, leaf and flower of Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill. and the aerial parts of A. turcomanica Gand. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-one compounds representing 96.6%, 94.6%, 93.2% and 91.0% of the oil were identified in the aerial parts, stem, leaf and flower oils of A. chamaemelifolia. Menthyl acetate (26.5%, 22.0%, 20.5% and 20.5%) and (Z)-nerolidol (20.8%, 26.3%, 14.7% and 18.1%) were the main constituents in the aerial parts, stem, leaf and flower oils, respectively. The other main component in the aerial parts, leaf and flower oils was 1, 8-cineole (13.9%, 11.7% and 12.8%, respectively). Yomogi alcohol (10.4%) and artemisyl acetate (10.4%) were the main components of the leaf and flower oil of the plant, respectively. No significant difference was observed between compositions of the aerial parts, stem, leaf and flower oils. Twenty-four compounds representing 90.5% of the oil of the aerial parts of A. turcomanica were identified, of which 1,8-cineole (15.5%), spathulenol (15.2%), camphor (14.8%), santolina alcohol (14.6%) and trans-beta-terpineol (11.6%) were the major ones. The stem, leaf and flower oils of A. turcomanica demonstrated antibacterial activity using the MIC method.

Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Wild and Cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L.: a Rare and Threatened Medicinal Species

The essential oils of leaves and flowers of the wild and cultivated Moroccan Achillea ageratum L., a rare and threatened medicinal species, were examined by GC/MS, and their chemical compositions were compared. At least nine components were identified in both wild and cultivated A. ageratum oils, representing more than 95% of the oils. Artemisyl acetate (62.34-78.79%), yomogi alcohol (4.89-12.40%), santolina alcohol (4.86-11.77%), and artemisia alcohol (3.36-7.04%) were the major compounds. Terpene-alcohol proportion was higher in wild A. ageratum than in cultivated A. ageratum. The antibacterial analysis showed that both oils presented high activity against all the studied Gram-positive strains in a range of MIC values from 2.55 to 7.02 mg/ml, but they appeared not effective against the tested Gram-negative ones (MIC values 20.40-41.10 mg/ml). They also exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Candida species with MIC values ranging from 5.83 to 8.42 mg/ml. From these results, it was concluded that domestication of this threatened medicinal species using clonal propagation did not significantly affect its chemical composition and consequently its antimicrobial properties.

Chemical composition of the essential oil from two wormwood species Artemisia frigida and Artemisia argyrophylla

The composition of the essential oil from the wormwood sage (Artemisia frigida Willd., Asteraceae) of populations growing in the Altai Territory, the Altai Republic, the Khakass Republic, the Tuva Republic, and the East-Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the representative species of the silver-leaved wormwood Artemisia argyrophylla Ledeb. growing in the Republic Altai has been studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. An analysis of 15 samples of the essential oil from A. frigida obtained over a period from 1999 to 2007 indicates that samples from different populations have similar sets of the main components: α-pinene (0.2–7.8%), camphene (1.9–5.8%), 1,8-cineole (8.9–33.8%), camphor (6.7–40.0%), borneol (3.9–12.3%), terpine-4-ol (1.5–6.5%), bornyl acetate (1.4–22.0%), and germacrene D (1.4–14.6%). Some samples contain substantial amounts of α- and β-thujones (in total up to 19.1%), which are completely absent in other samples. Some samples contain santolina alcohol (up to 13.8%) and its acetate (up to 4.8%). As differentiated from A. frigida, the essential oil of A. argyrophylla contains yomogi alcohol (1.2%), artemisia ketone (12.9%), artemisia alcohol (3.1%), artemisia alcohol acetate (3.9%), and small amounts of camphor (3.2%), borneol (0.3%), and bornyl acetate (0.2%).

Volatile Constituents of Achillea ligustica All. by HS-SPME/GC/GC-MS. Comparison with Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation from Corsica and Sardinia

The volatile components extracted from the headspace (HS) of Achillea ligustica All. samples and their separated organs using solid phase microextraction (SPME) were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifty seven compounds were identified, the main components were camphor (14.2 - 29.8 %), artemisia ketone (0.3 - 26.7 %), santolina alcohol (0.5 - 9.4 %), camphene (3.0 - 9.0 %) and trans-sabinyl acetate (1.6 - 5.5 %). Moreover, the chemical composition of Corsican and Sardinian A. ligustica oils obtained from flowers and leafy stems harvested in four regions of both islands, were investigated. Two collective oils of A. ligustica were also investigated, comparisons between both oils and as well as with literature data were reported. A comparison of hydrodistillation and HS-SPME extraction of volatile components in term of isolation time, plant-consuming and chemical composition was discussed. HS-SPME technique was clearly fast in contrast to hydrodistillation (90 mn/300 mn). HS extraction was performed with very smaller amount of plant than hydrodistillation. Although the aromatic profiles of HS-fractions and oils showed several quantitative differences HS-SPME can be applied to routine control analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants.

Santolina Alcohol as Component of the Essential Oil of Achillea ageratum L. from Corsica Island

The composition of the essential oil of Achillea ageratum L. from Corsica Island was investigated using a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after fractionation over column chromatography. Sixty-eight compounds were identified, the main components being 1,8-cineole (41%), yomogi alcohol (22.3%), santolina alcohol (10%) and artemisyl acetate (7.6%). The chemical composition of Corsican A. ageratum oil differed from those reported in the literature. The use of two capillary columns with different polarity under optimal GC conditions allowed the identifcation and the quantification of santolina alcohol that was coeluted on both capillary columns used.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Moroccan Ormenis mixta (L.) Dumort. ssp. Multicaulis

Air-dried aerial parts of Ormenis mixta (L.) Dumort. ssp. multicaulis collected from two different regions of Morocco (Kénitra and Salé) were hydrodistilled yielding averagely 0.4 % essential oil. The oils were qualitatively similar and characterized by an important percentage of irregular monoterpenic alcohols. The major oil component of Ormenis mixt a wh ol e p l a n t s fr om Ké n i t r a was santolina alcohol (24.1 – 47.6 %) which is associated with yomogi alcohol (1.3 – 2.2 %), artemesia alcohol (1.2 – 2.4 %) with corresponding acetates, in smaller quantity. While the major oil components of Ormenis mixta whole plants from Salé were santolina alcohol (44.7 – 55.1 %), artemesia alcohol (4.1 – 5.1 %) and yomogi alcohol (1.6 – 3.0 %). In addition, the essential oils contained sesquiterpenes mainly represented by germacrene D (3.2 and 4.9 %), epi-α-Muurolol (5.5 and 5.7 %) and α-cadinol (5.4 and 5.2 %), respectively in samples from Kénitra and Salé. The effect of plant organs on the oil Production and its Chemical composition were also examined. We noted that the flower essential oil was rich in santolina alcohol (40.2 %).

Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All. from Corsica

The essential oil of Achillea ligustica from Corsica was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 82 compounds representing 94.0% of the oil were tentatively identified. The main constituents were the camphane derivatives, representing >30% (camphor, 21.3%; borneol, 6.2%; bornyl acetate, 3.5%) of the whole oil, and santolina alcohol (19.3%). The enantiomeric distribution of 8 chiral constituents was determined by GC-MS using two enantioselective stationary phases (DIME-beta-CD and Lipodex-E). Racemic santolina alcohol, required for optimization of the enantioselective GC conditions, was prepared by an original two-step synthesis from 2,5-dimethylhexa-2,4-diene. The whole essential oil was tested for its antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria using a paper disk method. The results show a promising activity against Streptomyces species.

Composition of the Essential Oil from Artemisia herba-alba Grown in Jordan

The composition of the essential oil hydrodistilled from the aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. growing in Jordan was determined by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield was 1.3% (v/w) from dried tops (leaves, stems and fowers). Forty components corresponding to 95.3% of the oil were identifed, of which oxygenated monoterpenes were the main oil fraction (39.3% of the oil), with α- and β-thujones as the principal components (24.7%). The other major identifed components were: santolina alcohol (13.0%), artemisia ketone (12.4%), trans-sabinyl acetate (5.4%), germacrene D (4.6%), α-eudesmol (4.2%) and caryophyllene acetate (5.7%). The high oil yield and the substantial levels of potentially active components, in particular thujones and santolina alcohol, in the oil of this Jordanian species make the plant and the oil thereof promising candidates as natural herbal constituents of antimicrobial drug combinations.

Essential Oil Composition and In Vitro Biological Activities of Seven Namibian Species of Eriocephalus L. (Asteraceae)

The essential oil composition of seven Namibian Eriocephalus species (E. dinteri, E. ericoides subsp. ericoides, E. klinghardtensis, E. luederitzianus, E. merxmuelleri, E. pinnatus, E. scariosus) were determined by GC and GC/MS. The oils of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 1), E. merxmuelleri and E. scariosus were found to be rich in 1,8-cineole and camphor. Eriocephalus scariosus oil contained santolina alcohol (14.8%). The highest levels of camphor (38.4%) was found in E. dinteri oil. The major component of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 2) was linalool (10.4%). A chemical similarity between E. luederitzianus and E. klinghardtensis was observed which both accumulated high levels of α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. Eriocephalus luederitzianus oil contained α-longipinene (10.3%) and β-caryophyllene (13.3%). The morphologically anomalous E. pinnatus was very different in oil composition when compared to the other taxa and is characterized by isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate (7.9%) and isoamyl valerate (6.5%). Antimicrobial disc diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed on all seven species. Good antifungal activity was noted for E. ericoides subsp. ericoides. Highest activities were noted for E. merxmuelleri against the Gram-positive test organisms and generally poor activity was noted against the Gram-negative test organisms for all species. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oils were assessed using the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme and E. dinteri displayed the most promising inhibition (IC50 = 35 μg/ml).

Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial Activity, and the Essential Oils from Some Wild Herbs in Egypt

ABSTRACT The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils in aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip., Artemisia judaica L., and Pituranthos tortuosus (Dest.) Benth & Hook collected from Southern Sinai were determined. The volatile oil yield of Achillea fragrantissima was 0.81 percent (v/w) and consisted of 18 components with thujone (57.5%) and santolina alcohol (31.4%) as the major constituents. Artemisia judaica yielded 1.57 percent (v/w) volatile oil with camphor (37.3%) and piperitone (27.4%) as the major constituents of 20 components. The volatile oil of Pituranthos tortuous (0.56%, v/w) consisted of 32 components with camphene (31.0%) as the major constituent, although the alcoholic components constituted more than 42 percent of the oil. The essential oils of both Achillea fragrantissima and Artemisia judaica inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms, whereas Pituranthos tortuosus oil was ineffective against gram-positive bacteria. At high concentrations, the tested oils appeared more effective against mold than against yeast.

The essential oil of cultivatedArtemisia afra (Jacq.) from Zimbabwe

The steam-distilled essential oils from plants of Artemisia afra (Jacq.) (Compositae) from the wild and organically cultivated at two pilot sites in Zimbabwe were analysed by GC–MS. The major components of plants in the wild were artemisia ketone (6.3–41.9%), 1,8-cineole (0.1–27.9%), α-copaene/camphor (8.5–27.1%) and santolina alcohol (3.1–10.1%). Two chemotypes were identified from the cultivated plants. The major components of oil for fresh and semi-dried herb from the cultivated plants from one site were artemisia ketone (32.1–34.8%), α-copaene/camphor (21.8–24.4%), 1,8-cineole (10.9–15.7%) and santolina alcohol (2.7–8.0%). The major components of oil from the other site from fresh and semi-dried herb of cultivated plants were 1,8-cineole (22.5–29.3%), α-copaene/camphor (6.2–21.3%), borneol (14.2–19.1%), and camphene (3.0–5.6%). Bornyl acetate (1.6–4.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.0–5.0%), sabinene (0.6–7.9%), γ-terpinene (0.2–2.6%) and p-cymene (1.3–2.7%) were notable minor constituents. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The essential oil of cultivated Artemisia afra (Jacq.) from Zimbabwe

The steam-distilled essential oils from plants of Artemisia afra (Jacq.) (Compositae) from the wild and organically cultivated at two pilot sites in Zimbabwe were analysed by GC–MS. The major components of plants in the wild were artemisia ketone (6.3–41.9%), 1,8-cineole (0.1–27.9%), α-copaene/camphor (8.5–27.1%) and santolina alcohol (3.1–10.1%). Two chemotypes were identified from the cultivated plants. The major components of oil for fresh and semi-dried herb from the cultivated plants from one site were artemisia ketone (32.1–34.8%), α-copaene/camphor (21.8–24.4%), 1,8-cineole (10.9–15.7%) and santolina alcohol (2.7–8.0%). The major components of oil from the other site from fresh and semi-dried herb of cultivated plants were 1,8-cineole (22.5–29.3%), α-copaene/camphor (6.2–21.3%), borneol (14.2–19.1%), and camphene (3.0–5.6%). Bornyl acetate (1.6–4.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.0–5.0%), sabinene (0.6–7.9%), γ-terpinene (0.2–2.6%) and p-cymene (1.3–2.7%) were notable minor constituents. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip.

ABSTRACT The essential oils obtained from Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. collected from three locations in the Negev desert and one from the vicinity of Mt. Sinai were studied by capillary GC/M S. α-Thujone (25.5–36.5%), artemisia ketone (13.2–23.8%) and santolina alcohol (12.5–21.2%) were confirmed as major among the 59 identified constituents. Massoia lactone, a rare essential oil component, was identified as a minor constituent of each of the oils examined.

Volatile Constituents ofArtemisia vestitaOil1

The essential oil of ARTEMISIA VESTITA (Compositae) was investigated by GLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Main constituents are alpha-, beta-, gamma-himachalene, caryophyllene, germacrene D, himachalol, allohimachalol, alpha-, gamma-atlantone, 1,8-cineole, yomogi alcohol, artemisia, and santolina alcohol and their acetates, and the thujones and thujanols. The characteristic oder of the oil is determined by the freshly smelling, 1, 8-cineole and thujone, and by the woody and sweet note of himachalol and atlantone.

Synthesis of racemic hotrienol and santolina alcohol from cyclopropenes

A method for the preparation of linear monoterpenols by the homoallylic isomerization of the products of the combined addition of vinylmagnesium halide and carbonyl compounds to cyclopropenes was illustrated in the syntheses of hotrienol and santolina alcohol.

Synthesis of (±)-hotrienol and (±)-santolina alcohol via cyclopropenes

A short synthesis of the title monoterpenols via cyclopropylcarbinyl–homoallyl rearrangement of adducts Which are themselves produced by tandem addition of vinylmagnesium bromind and an appropriate carbonyl compound to the cycloproenes (1) is described.

The absolute configuration of santolina alcohol from [formula omitted

The absolute configuration of santolina alcohol from [formula omitted