Santiago De Research Articles

Abbe Flap for Upper Lip Reconstruction.

Lips are complex structures that are part of the facial esthetics. Their integrity may be affected by congenital diseases, trauma, burns, and cancers, among other pathologies. The reconstruction of the upper lip subunit can be a challenge for the surgeon. The purpose of this paper is to review the Abbe flap technique with the help of tips from the primary surgeon (surgical tips) and present a series of cases as experience in upper lip reconstruction. A retrospective study at Chilean centers Fundación Gantz and Clínica Alemana de Santiago from 2003 to 2023. The surgical technique was described, and different variables were assessed. The Strasser scale was used as an objective method for assessing the results. Sixteen surgery patients, 50% female and 50% male. Fourteen patients (87.5%) with cleft lip and palate. In total, 85.71% of the total number of patients with follow-up had a good score of 1 to 4 on the Strasser scale. There were no mediocre results comparable to results described in other series. There were no complications relating to the technique. The Abbe flap technique continues to be an excellent option in upper lip reconstruction, especially in patients with a condition of the middle third of the lip. Knowledge of the anatomy, the surgical technique, the function of the lip, and facial esthetics leads to acceptable results for the patient and their environment with this technique.

Pilgrimage in a Globalizing World

Whether on the Camino de Santiago or the Hajj, today’s pilgrims tread ancient routes of religious ritual, but their experiences are mediated by modern infrastructures and mentalities.

Becoming More Grounded: The Enduring Appeal of Ancient Pilgrimage for the Contemporary Seeker

This article builds on a previous essay and arises from research carried out between the summer of 2018 and the spring of 2020 among pilgrims who had participated in the Camino de Santiago in northwestern Spain and St Patrick’s Purgatory on Lough Derg in the northwest of Ireland. Research focused on embodied experience in relation to pilgrim motivation, groundedness and the enduring power of sacred travel as ritual. Convergent considerations about psychology, theology and pilgrimage studies were deployed as lenses of analysis of the pilgrims’ experience. The findings brought clarity in relation to pilgrims’ motivations and the subsequent satiation experienced as they became more grounded in relation to the physical rituals of the pilgrimage. The experience of full-blooded, fleshy embodiment, the analysis suggests, has considerable psychological dividend and is, the discussion argues, of theological significance, particularly from the perspective of Incarnation. As pilgrimage scholars have noted, a refreshing outcome of 21st Century research is the way in which it has been lifted out of the ‘narrow fields of religious or medieval studies’ and yet the analysis of this study suggests that we not dismiss the enduring possibility of religious quest as a still traceable element in the experience of contemporary pilgrimage.

Heritage route as pilgrimage. Visiting the battlefield in Ossów

ABSTRACT Scholars have recently been paying more attention to the relationship between religion and heritage, which has brought a deeper focus to processes of ‘sacralisation of heritage’ and ‘heritagisation of religion’. I take this reflection in the direction of discerning how religious practice often underpins the creation of heritage. The case study I tackle here centres on the anniversary celebrations of the Battle of Warsaw fought during the Polish-Soviet war of 1920. Its heritage combines military and religious aspects with a pilgrimage on a section of the Camino de Santiago leading to the battlefield in Ossów to form one of the commemorative events. Drawing from the scholarship on pilgrimages to battlefields and dark heritage, I investigate how heritage is bodily performed during this pilgrimage. I organise my argument around the notion of ‘caminoisation’ to demonstrate how global heritage contexts can be transplanted onto local planes, and how religious and heritage-making processes are entangled. Perceiving pilgrimage through the lens of ‘sensational form’, I explore how heritage and religion are framed ‘on the way’. Placing an emphasis on the embodiment allows for an ethnographic description of participants’ interactions with heritage and religion and for research into how these categories are performed in practice.

Exploring the Transformative Aftereffects of Religious Experiences on Pilgrims Along the Camino de Santiago in Spain.

This study examines religious experiences (REs) and their transformative aftereffects (TAs) among pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago. Analyzing 32 travelogue testimonies and survey data from 501 participants, it identifies three key dimensions of post-RE transformations: heightened Unity and Love, a strong commitment to the Apostolic Mission, and expanded Spirituality, Wisdom, and Detachment. Pilgrims report a shift toward greater love, unity with nature, and sharing insights, as well as increased spirituality and reduced materialism. The study finds significant correlations between TAs and individuals prioritizing their relationship with God and regular religious practices, highlighting REs' impact on societal values and beliefs.

Descripción de un caso: ¿es factible realizar una biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela en tumores de mama originados en el tejido ectópico axilar?

Breast cancer on axillary ectopic breast tissue is very rare, representing 0.3-0.6% of malignant breast cancers. Therefore, its early diagnosis is a real challenge. In this case, we describe a breast cancer on left axillary ectopic tissue in a 36-year-old female patient, who underwent local surgery with excision of the tissue. When approaching the nodal study of this patient, the possibility of selective study of the sentinel lymph node was considered. The absence of validated clinical guidelines in these cases and the exhaustive review of the literature led the multidisciplinary tumour committee of our hospital, the Hospital Clínico de Santiago de Compostela, to adopt the decision to attempt to perform this technique, adapting it, however, to this particular case. A double tracer was used, injecting technetium-99m in the periareolar area of the left breast and patent blue in the intratumoral area of the axillary ectopic tissue to determine whether both the breast and the tumour had the same lymphatic drainage pathways.Finally, 7 sentinel nodes and 1 palpable non-sentinel node were detected, of which the first was marked with both technetium-99m and patent blue, 4 with the radioisotope only, and 2 stained with patent blue. Two macrometastases were detected intraoperatively in the sentinel nodes, stained only with patent blue, while the rest were negative. The tumour committee took the decision to treat the axilla with radiotherapy. It is therefore concluded that in these cases the periareolar lymphatic drainage and that of the tumour itself may be different, so it would be advisable to use the double tracer injected in different areas to correctly identify the sentinel lymph node. The literature available for this type of situation is scanty and there are no approved clinical guidelines to support our therapeutic decisions, so it would be essential to study breast cancer in infrequent locations, in depth, in order to achieve protocols standardised by international societies that would serve as a benchmark for the management of these cases.

Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico)

Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico)

The Camino de Santiago as a 'Spiritual Journey': A Contemporary Challenge to Religion?

According to many surveys, the pilgrimage along the Way of St James (Camino de. Santiago) can lead to spiritual benefits, but there is some disagreement about this because these benefits can be associated with the pilgrim's motivation. This article presents a conceptual framework for understanding the phenomenon of pilgrimages to Compostela and their impact on human spiritual well-being. Many diaries mention various positive psychological effects from these trips, but they are presented in religious/spiritual dialectical tension. The article presents the classical concept of spirituality as related to the ability to transcend, and then classifies what is spiritual in the writings of some Polish pilgrims. In this way, conceptual precision will be offered, which is important for understanding the positive impact of pilgrimages on well-being and empowerment.

How Pilgrimage Persists: Integrated Learning from the Camino de Santiago

How Pilgrimage Persists: Integrated Learning from the Camino de Santiago

Gymnetis litigiosa Gory & Percheron, 1833 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini): first occurrence of this exotic species in Chile

The subfamily Cetoniinae, the genus Gymnetis MacLeay, and the species Gymnetis litigiosa Gory & Percheron are recorded for the first time in Chile, based on specimens collected in the cities of San Felipe de Aconcagua, Los Andes (Valparaíso Region) and Santiago (Metropolitan Region). This new record increases to four the number of exotic scarab beetles introduced and established in the country and extends the known distribution area of the species to the western slope of the Andes mountain range. A brief diagnosis for recognition of the species, adult photographs, distribution, and natural history data are provided. The possible route of entry of this cetoniid into Chile is discussed.

Triggers of Exceptional Experiences on the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage

Abstract This study delves into triggers and transformative effects of exceptional experiences among Camino de Santiago pilgrims. Analyzing 32 travelogues, we identify triggers like exposure to natural beauty and visits to sacred sites, leading to emotional shifts characterized by heightened unity and love. These experiences influence moral and cognitive frameworks, fostering heightened spirituality, wisdom, and detachment. “Experience of deep calm and reconciliation” improves relationships, “Experience of interconnectedness” enhances intuition in decision-making, and “Cathartic experiences” encourage vulnerability expression, fostering connection. Supported by a survey of 501 pilgrims, our findings highlight the frequency and transformative impact of these experiences on a diverse pilgrim population.

Abstract PO5-18-05: Assessment of the Potential of Photon mini-GRID Therapy for Pre-operative Partial Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract Purpose We propose a new spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) technique, called mini-GRID therapy, to reduce normal tissue toxicities in pre-operative partial breast cancer radiotherapy. Mini-GRID therapy, an optimized implementation of GRID therapy, utilizes very narrow beams (widths ~ 1-2 mm) which significantly increase normal tissue tolerances. The concept, proposed by our team in 2017 [1], has been successfully implemented at Hospital de Santiago de Compostela (Spain) showing excellent results in terms of brain toxicity reduction [2]. Profiting from this remarkable increase in tolerance, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of photon mini-GRID therapy for pre-operative partial breast cancer treatment. Methods Ten unbiased clinical cases were selected for the study, comparing photon mini-GRID therapy with conventional broad beam radiotherapy. Monte Carlo simulations (TOPAS v.3.6) were performed based on the mini-GRID therapy implementation (megavoltage X-rays, Varian flattening-filter-free LINAC) realized at the University Hospital in Santiago de Compostela. A mean dose of 24 Gy was delivered in the PTV using three photon mini-GRID arrays with mini beams of approximately 1.8x1.8 mm² at the isocenter. The study aimed to achieve better tumor coverage than conventional pre-operative radiotherapy while ensuring comparable skin toxicity. Valley doses, determining tissue-sparing effects, were compared against organs-at-risk (OARs) tolerance limits. Results The mini-GRID therapy treatments ensured partial tumor coverage and met the dose tolerance limits for all the considered OARs, the most challenging of all being the skin [3]. Peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) in the skin was higher than 3.5 for all the considered patients. Compared to standard radiotherapy (SRT) plans, mini-GRID therapy significantly reduced mean doses to the lungs, heart, and chest wall in the studied cases. Conclusion In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated photon mini-GRID therapy with megavoltage X-rays as an alternative treatment approach for pre-operative partial breast cancer irradiation, demonstrating its feasibility and straightforward implementation. Because of its high skin and normal tissue-sparing capacities, photon mini-GRID therapy has great potential to improve pre-operative treatment outcomes. Complementary studies and clinical validation are needed to fully establish the optimal protocols and assess long-term effects, but the results encourage the integration of photon mini-GRID therapy as a promising modality for breast cancer therapy.

Abstract 1055: ORF1p expression from LINE-1 occurs in clear cell ovarian carcinoma precursors and is detectable in patients’ plasma samples

Abstract Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons are repetitive genomic sequences able to move across the genome by an autonomous “copy and paste” mechanism. Given the mutagenic potential of LINE-1, benign cells restrict its expression, although the molecular mechanisms involved are usually impaired in cancer. Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) accounts for ~5-10% of ovarian cancers and is believed to arise from endometriosis. Women have a poor prognosis when it presents at an advanced stage, which emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the disease. In the present study, we found that ~85% of CCOC tumors express ORF1p, one of two proteins encoded by LINE-1. We show that CCOC cell lines retain ORF1p expression and release it into the extracellular media. By using single molecule array (Simoa) assays, we detected ORF1p in patient plasma, proposing ORF1p as a non-invasive biomarker for this disease. Finally, we found that LINE-1 retrotransposon de-repression is an early event in CCOC, as ORF1p is enhanced during the transition from typical to atypical endometriosis and that is retained in the invasive cancer. Citation Format: Pamela R. de Santiago, Sho Sato, Yelena Zhuravlev, Hannah S. Rendulich, Marty S. Taylor, Connie Wu, Meaghan C. Dougher, Lauren Schwartz, David R. Walt, Kathleen H. Burns, Ronny Drapkin. ORF1p expression from LINE-1 occurs in clear cell ovarian carcinoma precursors and is detectable in patients’ plasma samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1055.

Philosophical Significance of the Way, Experience, and Silence in the Context of Camino de Santiago

The problem addressed in the article refers to an attempt to present the phenomenon of the way, experience, and silence in the context of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in modern times. The objective is to present what is popularly referred to as Camino as a dynamic and evolving per­spective on human spirituality in relation to the challenges of modern times. The main thesis of the pro­posed study is that this type of pilgrimage offers an alternative to the phenomenon of increasing secu­larization. The key concepts related to the Camino were discussed and interpreted using the methods of analysis and synthesis in order to present the anthropological vision of the human being developed by Karol Wojtyła and Józef Tischner. An outline of their ideas reveals the deeper meaning of the way and experience. The main conclusion following from the analysis of the issue is that, by embarking on the Camino route, an individual is enabled to take a more in-depth look at his or her own condition, his or her perspective on relationships with others, contemplation, and new opportunities to organize and develop his or her own spirituality.

A pilgrim but a tourist too: re-examining the contemporary links

ABSTRACT The discussion about the definition of ‘tourism’ and ‘pilgrimage’ has been intensified over the time. This paper has as its main goal to understand how pilgrimage routes are perceived and experienced by contemporary pilgrims. The Camino de Santiago has been taken as a case study, as it is one of the main European pilgrimage routes. The methodological strategy applied is quantitative through a structured questionnaire carried out with 414 pilgrims. The model proposed for the analyses allowed to characterise the pilgrims who do the Camino de Santiago. The study identifies and evaluates four main motivations that lead to the Camino de Santiago and that could predictably be extrapolated to other pilgrimage routes: well-being and pleasure; spirituality and avoidance; socialisation and entertainment; and religious motives.

Abstract TMP37: Improved Outcomes for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients After Implementation of the RapidAI Platform in a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Santiago, Chile

Introduction: In Latin America (LATAM), the prevalence of stroke is alarmingly high. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has potential to dramatically improve healthcare outcomes. RapidAI is a software solution that utilizes AI to quickly analyze imaging data to identify vascular occlusions and salvageable tissue. Physicians receive notifications and can review source images on the Rapid mobile app (RMA). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1,672 consecutive acute stroke patients (AIS) treated at Clinica Alemana de Santiago between 2014-2023. Primary outcomes were the number of AIS patients treated with thrombolysis (IV tPA), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), or decompressive craniectomies as well as time to treatment. Secondary outcomes included discharge Modified Rankin score (mRS) and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results: This analysis included 824 patients pre-RapidAI installation and 848 after installation of Rapid CTP with hypodensity, CTA, ASPECTS, LVO and RMA communication. The baseline NIHSS and last know well to hospital arrival was balanced between the 2 study cohorts. Median time to IV tPA improved by 42 minutes (80 to 38 minutes, p < 0.0001). IV tPA utilization increased from 23% to 30% post-Rapid (p = 0.0033). MT procedure utilization increased from 5% pre-Rapid to 10% (p < 0.0001). Decompressive craniectomies were reduced from 13 to 4, LOS was unchanged. There was a favorable shift in the distribution of mRS scores at discharge in post-Rapid patients (p = 0.031) and a significant increase in mRS 0-1 outcomes (61% vs 45%). Discussion: Following implementation of the AI software platform in a comprehensive stroke center like Clinica Alemana, there was a significant increase in patients treated with IV tPA, faster door to tPA and/or MT times, a decrease in the number of DCTs, and improved discharge mRS scores. This work supports future studies expanding the use of AI technology for improving stroke outcomes in LATAM.

Walking the talk for dementia: A unique immersive, embodied, and multi-experiential initiative.

Coping with dementia requires an integrated approach encompassing personal, health, research, and community domains. Here we describe "Walking the Talk for Dementia," an immersive initiative aimed at empowering people with dementia, enhancing dementia understanding, and inspiring collaborations. This initiative involved 300 participants from 25 nationalities, including people with dementia, care partners, clinicians, policymakers, researchers, and advocates for a 4-day, 40km walk through the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.A 2-day symposium after the journey provided novel transdisciplinary and horizontal structures, deconstructing traditional hierarchies.The innovation of this initiative lies in its ability to merge a physical experience with knowledge exchange fordiversifying individuals' understanding of dementia.It showcases the transformative potential of an immersive, embodied, and multi-experiential approach to address the complexities of dementia collaboratively. The initiative offers a scalable model to enhance understanding, decrease stigma, and promote more comprehensive and empathetic dementia care and research.

Architectural integration of renewable energies in historical cities

The principal aim of the project that we present, developed in collaboration with the Consorcio de Santiago [1] and the IDAE [2], is to investigate the possibility of application of sustainable technologies in buildings inside the historical centre of Santiago de Compostela. The idea is try to obtain technologies, designs and components as standard as possible for the application of the solar power in catalogued buildings, analysing diverse particular solutions in order to adjust to the architectural specific requirements of the historical center of the city [3.4,5] and to implement the ideal opposing solutions, as well as the development of a plan of medium-term action for the city. We present an ambitious project, with a double slope: To foment global actions of sustainability in zones of historical interest and realizes an interesting project of research and development in the field of Renewable Energies orientated by his proper nature towards decentralized and local applications, this differential characteristic in the field. The use of renewable energies is not reserved exclusively for the companies, that try to give service to big facilities or to produce electricity for the supply of the general network. On the contrary, a good number of applications can take place in the own housing, turning into quality parameters for his enormous environmental advantages and of improvement into the comfort.

Between baroque and classicism: Manuel García de Santiago, a new documented work for his repertoire

This study attempts to delve into the figure of Manuel García de Santiago, a mem-ber of the García de Santiago saga. This family of artists settled in Seville with the figure of Bartolomé García de Santiago in the mid-17th century and maintained their artistic work until the early 19th century. To this end, the aim is to carry out a biblio-graphical survey on this figure, analysing a new work of art documented after its resto-ration in 2016. This is the image of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Marian patron saint of the Sacramental Brotherhood of the parish of San Bartolomé de Mairena del Alcor, in the province of Seville.

Camino de Santiago in Late Modernity: Fostering Self-Actualization Through Pilgrimage

While late-modern society promotes individual self-actualization, its moral dimension often falters in a calculating environment. Pilgrimages offer a potential solution. Through peak experiences and self-transcendence, pilgrims reconnect with their inner moral compass, fostering morally valid self-actualization. Amid late modernity, reflective individuals emerge, navigating moral choices within societal norms while pursuing self-actualization.This study affirms the Camino de Santiago's role in promoting self-actualization, as conceptualized in humanistic psychology. A survey of 500 participants, employing Kaufman's (2018) Characteristics of Self-Actualization Scale (CSAS), validates the pilgrimage's impact. Pilgrims reported heightened levels of appreciation, equanimity, self-acceptance, reality perception, authenticity, and a fortified moral compass. The pilgrimage nurtures the recognition of life missions, instills a sense of responsibility, and cultivates a desire to contribute to humanity's well-being while facilitating experiences of self-transcendence. Our research suggests that the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage can benefit organizations by fostering an authentic and self-actualized workforce comprising leaders and followers.