Santiago De Cuba Research Articles

Personal spend on cigarettes and tobaccos in Cuba from 2013 to 2016

Introduction: As risk factor smoking means a social opportunity cost because of the whole goods and services didn´t obtained to satisfice the tobacco and cigarettes demand. While the tobacco and cigarettes spend is increasing these opportunity cost will be increasing too. Objective: To describe the tobacco and cigarettes spends in Cuba since 2013 to 2016. Materials and methods: Was made a descriptive and longitudinal research about the tobacco and cigarettes spends in Cuba from 2013 to 2016. Were utilized two rates: monthly per capita sales on cigarettes and tobaccos measured in pesos and monthly per capita sales on cigarettes and tobaccos respect to middle salary measured in percent. Theoric methods: Historic – Logic, Inductive – Deductive, Comparative and Analysis and Synthesis. Empiric methods: documental and bibliographic research and arithmetic calculus. All the statistic processing was in Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The personal spend on cigarettes and tobaccos from 2013 to 2016 shows a stable and defined structure. Conclusions: Havana, Santiago de Cuba provinces and the Special Municipality Isla de la Juventud were the Cuban regions showed consumption rate higher than the national middle.

El debate constitucional en los medios de comunicación locales cubanos: factores que influyen en la construcción de la agenda temática

Cuba is currently engaged in a process of constitutional reform that aims at important economic, political and social changes. The popular consultation, as an act of widespread participation in the country, is embedded into a context of deep transformations of the Cuban media system, which suggests a more critical look at issues of public interest. Taking this into account, this article analyzes the internal and external factors that influence the construction of media agendas on the process of popular consultation of the draft Constitution of the Republic in the provincial press in Santiago de Cuba. And it takes as a reference point studies that have characterized media agendas in Cuba or have studied their behavior in the face of eventual or specific issues. A mixed design of concurrent triangulation was applied, and the Analysis-Synthesis and the Inductive-Deductive analysis were used as general methods. More specifically, a content analysis was applied to the Sierra Maestra newspaper and the CMKC radio station and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the journalists of the above referred media. During the 14 weeks of the measurement, the media agendas prioritized topics such as history, public health, education and institutional activities; what matches previous results on the subject. The presence of nine attributes related to the most discussed articles was determined and the analysis revealed that the news coverage was variable in the case of the newspaper and had greater stability in that of the radio-station.

Characterization in children aged 4 to 6 years with dental interference from children's daycare institutions

Objective: the objective of characterizing children from 4 to 6 years of age from nursery schools in the health area of the Julian Grimau Garcia Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in children from 4 to 6 years of age belonging to the nursery circles of the health area of the Julian Grimau Garcia Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, in the period of July 2016 to April 2017 .The study was constituted by the 57 children from 4 to 6 years of age belonging to the 2 children's circles of the aforementioned health area, of both sexes and who presented dental interferences. To obtain the data, a structured interview was conducted with parents or guardians, in order to obtain accurate and verified data, using the percentage as a summary measure. The oral examination was performed on children using the tongue depressor and natural or artificial light. Results: the male sex and the period of temporary dentition predominated. Buccal breathing and bottle use were the most practiced deforming habits. Conclusions : Concluding that most of the children examined did not present anomalies of the occlusion. Considering this, we recommend carrying out analytical studies in the area that allow deepening the study of dental interferences in children as a causal factor of malocclusions, elevating health promotion and prevention activities to pregnant women and mothers on the importance of practicing favorable lifestyles for the health and development of the stomatognathic system of their children from an early age.

Modelo Pedagógico del Proceso Tutorial en la Formación Inicial del Maestro Primario para la Orientación a la Familia desde la Unidad Docente

Este trabajo se realiza a partir de la observación de deficiencias en la práctica educativa diaria relacionada con el desarrollo del proceso tutoral en la escuela primaria en condiciones de Unidad Docente, específicamente para la orientación a la familia desde la formación inicial del maestro, aspecto que se corrobora a partir de diagnósticos realizados en la tutoría de diferentes tesis de maestría en la Universidad de Oriente de Santiago de Cuba, La constatación de las limitaciones, condujeron a la exploración de las investigaciones realizadas con relación a la tutoría en la formación inicial de los profesionales de la educación. En este sentido se advierten insuficiencias epistémicas relacionadas con la contextualización de la tutoría al proceso de orientación familiar lo cual incide negativamente en la calidad del proceso tutoral en la escuela primaria como Unidad Docente, siendo necesario perfeccionar este proceso desde una de las aristas más desfavorecida en relación con la función orientadora del docente, la orientación a la familia, por su incidencia imprescindible en la formación de la personalidad de acuerdo con las exigencias del modelo de escuela en Cuba, de aquí que se proponga como objetivo, la elaboración de un modelo pedagógico del proceso tutoral para la orientación a la familia desde la Unidad Docente.

Psycho-pedagogical strategy to enhance intrinsic motivation towards learning karate-do

The research has conducted at the EIDE, Captain Orestes Acosta of Santiago de Cuba in the sport of karate-do, to develop a psycho-pedagogical strategy to sensitize trainers, athletes, and others involved in the importance of intrinsic motivation for the teaching-learning process of the same. For the study, methods and techniques were applied such as: observation, semi-structured interviews, and surveys. The qualitative analysis of the results indicates that coaches have inadequacies in the domain of participatory methodologies and the conception and instrumentation of teaching methods, and in athletes the need to improve their teaching-learning processes predominates, wishing to develop effective strategies that favor an integral formation. The psycho-pedagogical strategy that is proposed has based on epistemological, theoretical, methodological, and didactic foundations that support its instrumentation and has made up of three stages with its corresponding actions. The aspects analyzed by the experts, both of the specific actions, and the strategy as a whole achieved positive assessments that validate the design for its subsequent implementation.

Differences in Attitude Toward Organ Donation in the Three Main Cities of Cuba

BackgroundCuba is one of the Latin American countries with the highest rates of organ donation. Social and cultural differences among the population throughout the country may also affect attitudes toward donation. Knowledge of these characteristics would facilitate awareness of the population most reluctant to donate and transplant. ObjectiveWe sought to analyze the differences in attitudes toward organ donation among Cubans living in the main capitals of Cuba. Materials and MethodsStudy population. The study group was the Cuban population living in the cities of Cienfuegos (n=636), Havana (n=920), and Santiago de Cuba (n=455), extracted from the database of the International Collaborative Donor Project. Sample of the population. Participants were older than 15 years, and data were stratified by geographic area, age, and sex. Assessment instrument. We used a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation for transplant (PCID-DTO-Ríos), anonymously filled in and self-administered. Statistics. Student t test was applied together with the χ2 test, complemented by an analysis of the remainders. ResultsThe favorable attitude among inhabitants in Cienfuegos was 71.2% (n=453), 68.3% (n=628) among those in Havana, and 69.5% (n=316) among those in Santiago de Cuba (P < .05). The psycho-social profile of respondents favoring organ donation was similar in the 3 cities. ConclusionsThe attitude toward organ donation among the population of the main cities of Cuba was favorable and similar in all of them. The psycho-social profile toward organ donation was similar in the 3 cities.

Estrategia de gestión formativa agroecológica sustentable.

La protección del medioambiente como alternativa para el desarrollo sustentable incide en la transformación de la conciencia humana; en esta dirección se elabora la estrategia que tiene como objetivo propiciar desarrollo agroecológico sustentable en el contexto agrícola, y la transformación cultural de los agricultores a través de una gestión individual y social que viabiliza la toma de decisiones pertinentes en su autoformación. Los resultados se logran a partir de la caracterización epistemológica del proceso de formación agroecológica sustentable y las consideraciones desde las experiencias en el agroecosistema cafetalero de Tercer Frente en Santiago de Cuba, enfocándolo como un Caso de Estudio.

Application of Business Intelligence in studies management of Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk in Cuba

In Cuba, the state invests considerable resources in the establishment of preparation plans to mitigate and to minimize the negative impacts of natural threats. As a sample of it, since the year 2010, the country carried out the studies of hazard, vulnerability, and risk (HVR), however, the form in that results of these studies are analyzed present serious limitations for the excessive quantity of data that are dispersed and not very understandable for users belonging to the Centers of Risks’ Management make decisions in an agile way. The present work, exposes the management’s pattern of the studies of Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk in Cuba alongside the occurrence of hydrometeorological extreme events in vulnerable territories; and the structuring process of the computer proposal that modifies and computerizes the current analysis procedure of these studies in the country. As contributions of the research and by means of the use of techniques and tools of Business Intelligence, is designed and implemented, for the case of Santiago de Cuba province, the data warehouse that centralizes the results of the studies for hydrometeorological extreme events in 2011 and 2016. A decision support system (DSS-HVR) is built, and integrated at the developed data warehouse in this work, it allows the analysis of the studies in a holistic manner and from several perspectives, to obtain outstanding and better-represented information through interactive and dynamic reports, both tabulate and graph representation, all as a support for a fast and effective decision making.

Importancia del Plan de Acción Tutorial en la Educación a Distancia

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer las potencialidades del Plan de Acción Tutorial (PAT) para la atención diferenciada y personalizada a los estudiantes del Curso a Distancia (CaD) que se desarrolla en las universidades cubanas. Se exponen las experiencias y resultados obtenidos con su implementación en la carrera de Licenciatura en Contabilidad y Finanzas de Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, enfatizando en los aspectos que es necesario considerar para garantizar su éxito. El estudio se desarrolló desde la investigación cualitativa potenciando la entrevista a estudiantes, tutores, profesores y directivos, y la observación a las principales actividades. Los resultados del diagnóstico inicial y sistemático permitieron elaborar un PAT que permite alcanzar resultados favorables y determinar cuáles son los principales retos que debemos enfrentar para su perfeccionamiento.

Robotic therapy for the hemiplegic shoulder pain: a pilot study

BackgroundsExoskeletons development arises with a leading role in neurorehabilitation technologies; however, very few prototypes for upper limbs have been tested, contrasted and duly certified in terms of their effectiveness in clinical environments in order to incorporate into the health system. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if robotic therapy of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain (HSP) could lead to functional improvement in terms of diminishing of pain, spasticity, subluxation, the increasing of tone and muscle strength, and the satisfaction degree.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted in 16 patients with painful shoulder post- ischemic stroke in two experimental groups: conventional and robotic therapy. At different stages of its evolution, the robotic therapy effectiveness applied with anti-gravitational movements was evaluated. Clinical trial was developed at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of the Surgical Clinical Hospital “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso” in Santiago de Cuba, from September 2016 - March 2018. Among other variables: the presence of humeral scapular subluxation (HSS), pain, spasticity, mobility, tone and muscle strength, and the satisfaction degree were recorded. Results with 95% reliability were compared between admission and third months of treatment. The Mann-Whitney U-Test, Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Tests were used as comparison criteria.ResultsRobotic therapy positively influenced in the decrease and annulment of pain and the spasticity degree, reaching a range increase of joint movement and the improvement of muscle tone.

Diagnosis support of sickle cell anemia by classifying red blood cell shape in peripheral blood images.

Red blood cell (RBC) deformation is the consequence of several diseases, including sickle cell anemia, which causes recurring episodes of pain and severe pronounced anemia. Monitoring patients with these diseases involves the observation of peripheral blood samples under a microscope, a time-consuming procedure. Moreover, a specialist is required to perform this technique, and owing to the subjective nature of the observation of isolated RBCs, the error rate is high. In this paper, we propose an automated method for differentially enumerating RBCs that uses peripheral blood smear image analysis. In this method, the objects of interest in the image are segmented using a Chan-Vese active contour model. An analysis is then performed to classify the RBCs, also called erythrocytes, as normal or elongated or having other deformations, using the basic shape analysis descriptors: circular shape factor (CSF) and elliptical shape factor (ESF). To analyze cells that become partially occluded in a cluster during sample preparation, an elliptical adjustment is performed to allow the analysis of erythrocytes with discoidal and elongated shapes. The images of patient blood samples used in the study were acquired by a clinical laboratory specialist in the Special Hematology Department of the "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas" General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. A comparison of the results obtained by the proposed method in our experiments with those obtained by some state-of-the-art methods showed that the proposed method is superior for the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. This superiority is achieved for evidenced by the obtained F-measure value (0.97 for normal cells and 0.95 for elongated ones) and several overall multiclass performance measures. The results achieved by the proposed method are suitable for the purpose of clinical treatment and diagnostic support of sickle cell anemia. We present a new method to obtain erythrocyte shape classification using peripheral blood smear sample images. The aim of the method is to segment the cells, to separate clusters and classify cells (circulars, elongated and others). We compared our method with state-of the-art. Results showed that our method with is superior for the diagnosis support of sickle cell anemia.

Conflicto y guerra en el Caribe. Papel desempeñado por las milicias de indios frente al intento de invasión británica a Santiago de Cuba (1739-1748)

En el presente artículo estudiaremos las causas y el desenlace de la victoria hispana sobre la armada inglesa del almirante Edward Vernon durante el sitio a la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba (1739-1741) en medio de la guerra del Asiento. Prestaremos especial interés en nuestro análisis al accionar de las milicias de indios de los pueblos de San Luis de Los Caneyes y San Pablo de Jiguaní, que junto a otros grupos armados llevarían un peso decisivo en expulsar al enemigo, y salvaguardar los intereses del imperio español en tierras cubanas. In this article we will study the causes and the outcome of the Hispanic victory over the English Navy of Admiral Edward Vernon during the siege to the city of Santiago de Cuba (1739-1741) in the middle of the War of the Seat. We will pay special attention to our analysis of the actions of the Indian militias of the towns of San Luis de Los Caneyes and San Pablo de Jiguaní, which along with other armed groups would carry a decisive weight in expelling the enemy, and safeguarding the interests of the Spanish empire in Cuban lands.

Is the Population of Santiago de Cuba Sensitized to Xenotransplantation? A Multivariate Analysis

IntroductionNew transplant-related therapies such as xenotransplantation of solid cells, tissues, and organs are still poorly understood, especially in countries without preclinical xenotransplantation programs. ObjectiveAnalyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation among the population of Santiago de Cuba. MethodType of study. Cross-sectional observational study. Sample. Random sampling of 455 individuals residing in Santiago de Cuba. Assessment instrument. Validated questionnaire of attitude toward the xenotransplant, “PCID-XenoTx-Ríos.” Field work. Random selection based on stratification. Anonymous and self-administered completion. ResultsA total of 49.9% would accept a solid organ xenotransplant if they needed it and the results were similar to those currently obtained with human organs, 27.5% have doubts, and the remaining 22.6% would not accept it. They are presented as statistically significant variables (P < .05): level of studies; comment with the family about the donation; opinion of a partner; religion; opinion of religion; performing prosocial activities; attitude toward donation; previous relationship with the organ donation and transplant; favorable attitude toward live kidney donation. In the multivariate analysis, the following persist: 1. level of university studies: odds ratio (OR) = 5.076; 2. not having a partner: OR = 5.154; 3. belonging to another religion: OR = 2.061; 4. favorable attitude toward organ donation: OR = 5; and 5. favorable attitude toward living donation: OR = 3.759. ConclusionsThe population of Santiago de Cuba is less sensitized toward xenotransplantation, possibly due to ignorance of the issue due to lack of preclinical trials in their countries.

Alternative psychological improvement for karate-do trainers from Santiago de Cuba

The psychological overcoming of trainers in Karate-Do the province of Santiago de Cuba still does not meet the demands of contemporary martial-sports practice, which becomes the presence of an epistemological gap in relation to theoretical knowledge-practical and the acquisition of professional skills, showing flaws in their professional performance, constituting this the main problem of research. For this reason, it is proposed as a practical contribution an alternative for professional improvement aimed at the preparation of the psychological component in trainers Karate-Do, aimed at eliminating the inadequacies that are manifested in the practice of this sport. For this, scientific methods of the theoretical, empirical, mathematical-statistical level and techniques such as interview, survey and psychological tests were used. The theoretical references of the preceding authors constitute valuable contributions whose results enrich the systematic work of martial artists, by attending to the various characteristics of athletes during the training stage and the competitive.

Política social educativa y violencia escolar: brechas en su atención

The present work sends a critical analysis to the Cuban educational social policy, in the treatment of school violence, with a view to its improvement and to make visible this problem. The proposed research takes triangulation as a methodological strategy and assumes the basic secondary education of the Santiago de Cuba municipality as empirical references for its development. From the analysis of the results it is highlighted that, although the country is on a clear path towards the visibility of this scourge, the nullity of the term in the ministerial decrees and resolutions of the educational policy favors its ignorance. In it, the tangential approaches to the subject are limited to students' antisocial behaviors and their contexts of vulnerability; leaving out the rest of the actors involved in its construction. Likewise, in the development of strategies for their attention, the alienating participation of retail groups distant from school reality tends to prevail, and they swarm fissures in the training guidelines that are implemented.

Depredación de Turbo castanea (Trochida: Turbinidae) por Fasciolaria tulipa (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae) en Cuba

El Tulipán Verdadero, Fasciolaria tulipa (Linnaeus, 1758), es un depredador de gasterópodos y bivalvos marinos, En el presente trabajo se registra por primera vez para Cuba la depredación de Turbo castanea (Gmelin, 1791) por F. tulipa. El registro se documenta fotográficamente en el sublitoral de la playa de Sardinero en Santiago de Cuba.

"With What Right Are They Sending a Consul": Unauthorized Consulship, U.S. Expansion, and the Transformation of the Spanish American Empire, 1795–1808

At the turn of the nineteenth century, the establishment of unauthorized U.S. consulates throughout the Spanish Empire transformed both the infrastructure of Spanish colonial rule and the diplomatic relationship between Spain and the Early Republic. In places such as New Orleans, Havana, and Santiago de Cuba, U.S. consuls exercised extraterritorial jurisdiction over national citizens without the authorization of Spanish imperial authorities, sparking intense diplomatic conflicts over the boundaries of national sovereignty. Invoking diplomatic reciprocity, Spanish colonial officials also made use of unauthorized consulates in Savannah, New Orleans, and Natchez in order to contain U.S. expansion, protect Spanish subjects and property, and police runaway slaves and Native Americans. Over the 1800s, these ad-hoc uses of unauthorized consulates challenged metropolitan designs and international diplomatic norms as they locked both U.S. state authorities and Spanish colonial governments in negotiations of state sovereignty, transnational migration, and reciprocity and created a new institutional framework of transnational governance in the Spanish Caribbean and the North American Gulf.

Stemming COVID-19 in Cuba: Strengths, Strategies, Challenges Francisco Durán MD. National Director of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Cuba

Dr Durán is a native of eastern San-tiago de Cuba and his early medical career began in this mountainous re-gion, where he also headed provin-cial prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. He went on to become rector of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and provincial health direc-tor. Later in Havana, Dr Durán was director of medical education and vice minister at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Abroad, he served as advisor to Angola's Minister of Health, and on his return, as deputy director of Cuba's Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK). Dr Durán has been "battle-tested" over the years by his involvement in stemming dengue epidemics and other infectious dis-ease outbreaks, good preparation for his current position as National Direc-tor of Epidemiology. Today, his is the voice and the face on the 11:00 AM briefing carried daily by Cuban television, reporting the latest data on the un-folding COVID-19 pandemic globally, in the Americas and.

Characterization of former athletes with gonarthrotic of Santiago de Cuba province

Gonarthrosis is one of the main causes of pain and disability affecting a large number of the population of former athletes in the provincial Santiago de Cuba. Precisely this research aims to characterize the population of former athletes studied, some qualitative variables of interest, their predominance, and frequency, emphasizing age, sex, sport, and degree of osteoarthritis by the scale of Kellgren and Lawrence; that evaluates the degrees of osteoarthritis observed in x-rays. A percentage of statistical analysis was used for the interpretation of the data. As fundamental results, the group of age intervals of 41 to 50 years with 47% could be observed; the male sex dominated with equal 50% percentile for both age groups of 41 to 50 and 61-60 years; games with balls predominated with 71%; and grade II or mild osteoarthrosis in knees predominated with 71.5%.

El despertar de la “Bella Durmiente”: pasado, presente y futuro de la Sala Egipcia del Museo Provincial Emilio Bacardí Moreau, Santiago de Cuba

The Egyptian collection of the Emilio Bacardí Moreau Provincial Museum, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, comprises a variety of objects brought from Egypt in 1912 by its founder, Emilio Bacardí Moreau. The only Egyptian human mummy in Cuba is exhibited next to the lid of an anthropomorphic coffin and the wooden base of another coffin. Additionally, many small objects like shabti figures, scarabs, a stela, coffin fragments and amulets are present. As Bacardí was not an Egyptologist, he also acquired quite a lot of counterfeits; besides, many of the exhibited objects are not properly labelled regarding their dating, context and function. Furthermore, the display lacks an adequate conservation system and a correct museography based on current international standards, concerning the exhibition of human remains. As part of the Cuban Mummy Project—a collaboration between the National Council of Cultural Heritage of Cuba (CNPC) and the Institute of Scientific Studies on Mummies of Madrid (IECIM)—and in cooperation with the Heidelberg Centre for Cultural Heritage (HCCH) of the University of Heidelberg (Germany), the correct cataloguing of all Egyptian artefacts is being undertaken, together with their appropriate display in a new exhibition layout.