Santhiram Medical College Research Articles

A comparative study among medical and nursing interns about the awareness of hepatitis B infection and knowledge of vaccination status: a cross sectional study

Background: Hepatitis B is a major health problem worldwide and more serious in India. An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe and effective vaccine. A Study on Awareness of Hepatitis B Infection and Vaccination among Medical Interns and Nursing interns in Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study is done. Students who are present at the time of data collection by a pre structured pre-tested questionnaire given. Data was analyzed by usingSPSS 21 version. Data was presented in proportions and chi-square was done for significance with 95% confidence interval.Results: The study was under taken among the medical interns (80) and nursing interns (70) at Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal. Out of all 150 students 87% all know that the type of infections viral. There is a significant knowledge difference between the medical interns and nursing interns about the knowledge of the modes of transmission i.e. Medical interns have higher knowledge when compared to nursing interns. 97% of medical interns are vaccinated whereas only 50% of nursing interns and also significant difference knowledge about the post exposure prophylaxis 76% in medical interns 19% in nursing interns.Conclusions: This study showed that overall awareness regarding hepatitis B is at a very basic level among the nursing interns when compared to medical interns of the future and measures need to be taken to create complete awareness.

Cleft lip/ palate and its relationship with socio-demographic factors in 0-15 years old children attending tertiary care centre, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Cleft lip with or without (CL) cleft palate and cleft palate alone (CP) are a major public health problem. It is a common developmental and serious birth defects associated with genetic and or environmental factors affecting 1 in every 500 to 1000 births worldwide.Methods: Objectives is to know the prevalence of cleft lip/ palate in children attending Santhiram medical college – Nandyal. Study design is cross sectional study with study population 137 children. Study was conducted for a period of one year from August 2015 –July 2016. Each respondent were interviewed with pretested and semi structured questioner. The limitation of this study was the sample size. We also need to maintain an accurate database for cleft registrations; systematic record keeping is essential in this area.Results: 70% of children were in age group of 0-5 years, 13.3% belongs to 6-10 years age group and 16.7% belongs to 11-15 yrs. 64.2% are Boys and 35.8% are girls were effected. 2.1% of uncles and grandparents have similar complaints. 7.4% of parents and 3.7% of siblings has similar complaints. 33.3% has risk factor consanguineous marriage.Conclusions: Boys were more effected than girl children. 2.1% of uncle’s and grandparents has similar complaints. 7.4% of parents and 3.7% of siblings has similar complaints. Majority has risk factor as consanguineous marriage, followed by history of OCP intake, smoking in family, obesity of mother as risk factor and other siblings with similar complaints. Majority has defect on left side.

Foetal Ultrasound– A Study of Spina Bifida and Associated Anomalies in Rural Pregnant Women

Objective: To study the incidence and various types of associated anomalies and complications on obstetric ultrasound, in rural pregnant women. To reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality by early detection of these congenital neuroectodermal anomalies. To assist the obstetrician in taking decisions regarding the termination or continuation of the pregnancy in relation to the type of malformation and its prognosis. A prospective and retrospective study of spina bifida and its associated anomalies was done on 23,000 rural pregnant women coming to the Santhiram Medical College, Radiology Department for a routine obstetric scan. A total of 19 cases spina bifida were detected of which 2 cases were pure spina bifida without any complication, 14 cases had hydrocephalus and meningocele or myelomeningocele and 2 cases had meningocele without hydrocephalus. One case had anencephaly with an incidence of 1 per 1,111 cases. History of similar anomaly and intake of iron and folic acid tablets were noted. Ultrasound is an excellent modality for the diagnosis and characterisation of these neuroectodermal anomalies. Its multiplanar imaging property along with real-time image visualization makes it an excellent tool for the diagnosis and characterization of these anomalies. KEYWORDS: Congenital neuroectodermal anomalies, Spina bifida, Hydrocephalus, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele, Ultrasound, Anencephaly

Endoscopic Dacrocystorhinostomy: Our Experience

The endoscopic Dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) has distinct advantage over external DCR. Scar on the face is avoided, there is less intraoperativebleed, surgery is done under direct vision, it is a day care procedure. Patient satisfaction and success rate is as good as external DCR. The endoscopic DCR surgery is being performed more by the ENT surgeons rather thanophthalmologists. The aim of this paper was to describe and assess the efficacy of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. The study involved a prospective case series with short preoperative follow up with 50 patients attending Santhiram medical college, Nandyal with complaints of epiphora. We have achieved 96% success rate.

English

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease of the tear film and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tears film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolality of tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface.1 The symptoms become progressively troublesome and exert an increasing burden on the patients as the disease progresses or increases in severity If not detected early it can lead to sight threatening complications. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and management of dry eye patients attending the outpatient department of Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal.

Prevalence of HIV Infection and Profile of Persons Attending an Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre at a Private Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic and now has grown into a public health problem of unprecedented magnitude. Estimating HIV prevalence can be helpful to plan and implement preventive strategies. Hence the study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among persons attending Integraded Counseling and Testing Centre, at Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool Dt,A.P, over a period of one year (April 2010-march 2011).A total of 6286 study persons attended ICTC, either by self referral or following referral by health care provider.

Ultrasound Study of Atherosclerotic Changes in Carotid Vessels and Role of Certain Factors which Increase the Incidence of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is supposed to be causing number of deaths due to coronary artery stenosis and major inability in the shape of hemipleagias involving carotid arteries, which is called stroke or vascular accident. In this study, evaluation of the factors causing increased incidence of carotid artery atherosclerosis is done. Ultrasound has unique capability to visualise vessel wall in vivo. This important arterial pathophysiolgy detected with B-mode sonography is arthrosclerosis and plaque formation. Atherosclerotic plaque is represented sonographically by echogenic material that thickens the intimal reflection and encroaches onto the arterial lumen and produces flow void. The study was carried out with 375 patients who were attending the medical, surgical and diabetic departments of Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal for attributable neurological signs. All the cases were examined with SIEMENS SONOLINE G-50 ultrasound machine using the 7.5–10 MHz linear array transducer. All examinations are done with the Doppler angle of 60 degree and sample volume of 1–5 mm[2,5]. All four vessels, i.e., common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid and vertebral arteries of both sides are evaluated both longitudinally and transversely. Following parameters are observed on both real time and frozen images. Intima-media thickness, patent lumen diameter, residual lumen diameter, dimensions of the plaque, peak systolic velocity, systolic velocity ratio (carotid index), diastolic velocity ratio and percentage of diameter stenosis.

Risk-factor profile for coronary artery disease among young and elderly patients in Andhra Pradesh

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a worldwide health epidemic. Acute coronary syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition and patient may die or become disabled in the prime of life. The aim of this study was to determine the conventional risk factors of CAD in young and elderly aged patients in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Total of 190 CAD patients admitted in ICCU at Santhiram Medical College General Hospital, Nandyal, Andhra pradesh were selected for the study. In this, 90 patients were aged between 18-45 years, and 100 were more than 45 years of age. These patients were evaluated for risk factor contributing to occurrence of CAD. Results: The hypertension (20%), smoking (22%), diabetes mellitus (11%) and dyslipidemia (8%) were the most common risk factors in young patients. Overall risk factors were more likely in males compared to females (18 to <45 years, 79%; ≥65 years, 69.1%). With reference to elderly patients, the diabetes mellitus (21%), hypertension (14%), smoker (17%), kidney disease (11%) and dyslipidemia (9%) were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: Young patients had a different risk-factor profile when compared with older patients. Hypertension and smoking were the most common risk factors in young patients of CAD, whereas diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and smoking were found in elderly patients.

Retraction Note : Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Momordica Dioca on Pylorus Ligature Induced and Aspirin Induced Ulcer in Albino Rats

Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Retraction Note Retraction Note: Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Momordica dioca on Pylorus Ligature Induced and Aspirin Induced Ulcer in Albino Rats Anjaly Mary Verghes 1* Naveen kumar .Z 2 1 Department of Pharmacology. Santhiram Medical College. Nandyal .A.P. 2 Department of Physiology, Santhiram Medical College. Nandyal. A.P. Anjaly Mary Verghes Email: anjalianjali82@rediffmail.com Published online: 1 5 th September 2013 Without Abstract The online version of the original article can be found at http://www.jbiopharm.com/index.php/ajbps/article/view/364 Retraction to: Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013) 3(23):49-52. The Editors and publisher regret to report that the paper published by Anjaly Mary Verghes and Naveen kumar Z, “ Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Momordica dioca on Pylorus Ligature Induced and Aspirin Induced Ulcer in Albino Rats ” in Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013) 3(23):49-52, is retracted due to some unavoidable circumstances”. Pradeep T Deshmukh Executive Editor

Tuberculous mastitis: Not an infrequent malady

Background and Objectives : Tuberculosis of the breast, surprisingly, is not an infrequent malady as presumed in this highly overcrowded country, India, and therefore, curiosity arose to investigate these cases in further detail. Materials and Methods : The patients' records were obtained from the Surgical Pathology Section of the Department of Pathology, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, Dist., Kurnool (AP), India, from 2005 to 2010. The pathological material and clinical history from all histopathologically diagnosed cases of breast tuberculosis were then re-examined independently by us. Ziehl Neelson staining was done to demonstrate mycobacterium tuberculous bacilli. Results : Eleven cases of tuberculosis of the breast encountered over a five-year period, accounted for 4.1% of all breast lesions. All patients were females. Most of the patients (63.6%) were in the 26 to 35 years age group. Five cases (45.4%) were lactating at the time of presentation. Only two cases were diagnosed as tuberculous mastitis on the basis of a breast lump, with chronic discharging sinuses. In two cases, the breast lump simulated carcinoma. Conclusion : Tuberculous mastitis occurs more frequently than is supposed. The predisposing factors for its development are reproductive age group and lactation. As this lesion can mimic carcinoma breast, all breast lumps must be diagnosed histopathologically before radical treatment is undertaken, to avoid needless mastectomies.