Santa Izabel Research Articles

Analysis of the Economic-Financial Viability of Setting up a Motorcycle Parts Store in the City of Santa Izabel do Pará

Objective: Analyze the economic and financial viability of implementing a motorcycle parts store in the municipality of Santa Izabel do Pará. Theoretical Framework: Brazil is one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world, and the activities of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs contribute to the country's economic and social development. However, many businesses end up closing down early on. The success of a new business depends on the development of an adequate plan, which will allow the entrepreneur to evaluate the different factors that make up the venture before even starting it. The business plan is a tool that allows the entrepreneur to organize and plan their ideas to achieve the success of their business. Method: This work was carried out as bibliographical research and a case study, to be applied, of an exploratory nature with a qualitative and quantitative approach, with the carrying out of an unstructured interview with an entrepreneur in the motorcycle parts sector. Results and Discussion: The results of the financial indicators show a favorable scenario for the implementation of the business, with a NPV value of R$ 460,979.24, over a five-year cash flow, an internal rate of return of 153% per year and an estimated return on investment period of 8 months. Research Implications: To carry out a business venture, it is necessary to dedicate many hours of work, in addition to a considerable financial investment. And the financial plan allows the entrepreneur to translate into numbers how viable the implementation of the business is. Originality/Value: Although all financial indicators indicate the viability of the business, after the implementation of the enterprise it will be possible to improve the different sectors of the company and adjust the negative points during the activities, such as, for example, carrying out a satisfaction survey with customers who are buying in the store, aligning negotiations with suppliers in the best way and offering new products.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Spontaneous Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients: Cross-Sectional Observational Study and Literature Review

Introduction: Spontaneous hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL unrelated to insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of spontaneous hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) in adult patients admitted to Hospital Santa Izabel in 2023. Additionally, a narrative review was conducted to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, main contributing factors, and mortality associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study reviewed an electronic medical record database of adult patients. Capillary blood glucose measurements from patients admitted to general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and emergency services at Hospital Santa Izabel (HSI) in 2023 were analyzed. A narrative review was also performed through a non-systematic PubMed search using the terms hypoglycemia, mortality, hospital, and individuals without diabetes. The search yielded 61 articles, which, along with reference analysis, brought the total to 81 articles. After excluding duplicates and studies irrelevant to the topic, 10 articles were selected for analysis. Results: In 2023, HSI recorded 6,609 episodes of hypoglycemia, accounting for 2.63% of the blood glucose measurements. The prevalence of spontaneous hypoglycemia in the reviewed articles ranged from 0.01% to 0.51%. Spontaneous hypoglycemia occurs more frequently in ICU patients and the elderly. Common risk factors included heart failure, renal failure, malignancy, and pre-existing diabetes. Severe conditions such as cirrhosis, multiple organ failure, polytrauma, and sepsis were also associated with hypoglycemia. Moreover, spontaneous hypoglycemia was linked to higher mortality, with 5 out of 10 studies showing mortality rates 2 to 3 times higher in patients who experienced at least one episode. This association was not commonly observed in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conclusion: Spontaneous hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients is a rare event, typically associated with severe acute conditions and advanced age. It is more frequently linked to higher mortality compared to medication-induced hypoglycemia, with mortality rates correlating with the severity of the hypoglycemic episodes.

Net radiation partitioning, evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients of the green dwarf coconut in Santa Izabel do Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Net radiation partitioning, evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients of the green dwarf coconut in Santa Izabel do Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Produtividade da água em coqueiro irrigado nas condições de clima tropical úmido na Amazônia Oriental

ABSTRACT: The growing demand for coconut water has led to the expansion of irrigated green dwarf coconut cultivation; however, the inefficient use of water has contributed to the degradation and waste of water resources, making fundamental studies aiming to optimize the use of water. The objective of this study was to determine the physical productivity and water productivity of green dwarf coconut palms under the climatic conditions of Santa Izabel do Pará, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2021, in a green dwarf coconut plantation spaced 7.5 m x 7.5 m in a triangle, at Fazenda Reunidas Sococo, with an area of approximately 7 ha. Water productivity (WP) was determined both in terms of fruit production (WPf) and coconut water production (WPca), through the relationship of fruit productivity (fruit biomass and water volume) with accumulated evapotranspiration. The dwarf coconut tree presented a total production of 105 and 186 fruits plant-1 and 37 and 62 L plant-1 of coconut water in the years 2020 and 2021. The largest volumes of water and the highest weights occurred during the wettest season. WPf was of 1.87 fruits m-3 (2020) and 2.94 fruits m-3 (2021) and WPca 0.66 L m-3 (2020) and 0.98 L m-3 (2021).

Saberes e práticas sobre saúde entre homens quilombolas: contribuições para a atenção à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze health knowledge and practices among Quilombola men. Methods: a qualitative, descriptive study, carried out with 40 men from two Quilombola communities in Santa Izabel do Pará, state of Pará, Brazil. Individual interviews were carried out using a semi-structured script. Text corpus was subjected to analysis with Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires 0.6, alpha 3, through Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: among participants, eight (20.00%) were aged 55 to 59 years. 382 text segments were identified, with 299 (78.27%) being used, generating five lexical classes, which made up two subcorpora. The classes were organized into four thematic axes, covering knowledge about health and practices to prevent and solve health problems. Final considerations: men highlighted popular/traditional wisdom permeated by biomedical knowledge, translating their understanding of how to act to remain or become healthy.

Spatial patterns of the leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) tropical region.

The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.

Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of the Lenke Classification Among Spine Surgeons

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification among spine surgeons from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Methods: Preoperative imaging (front, profile and lateral inclinations) examinations of 20 patients at the Outpatient Clinic of the of Santa Izabel Hospital Orthopedic Department, Salvador, Bahia, who had been diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, were selected to be evaluated by 15 spine surgeons two times at an interval of 30 days, for analysis of the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification. The project was first submitted for ethical analysis to the Institutional Review Board of the Santa Izabel Hospital - Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia / Prof. Dr. Celso Figueirôa and approved with voucher number 002650/2019. All the participants signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF). Results: Analyzing the concordance using the Kappa index, interobserver reproducibilities of 0.755, 0.525 and 0.840 were obtained for the type of curve and the lumbar and sagittal modifiers, respectively, while the intraobserver reliabilities for the same parameters were 0.921, 0.370 and 0.929. Conclusion: For the study population, the reliability of Lenke’s classification was moderate to almost perfect. Level of evidence III; Interobserver and intraobserver reliability.

Geostatistical modeling of “lethal coconut palm crown atrophy”, a new disease in the State of Pará

’Lethal Coconut Palm Crown Atrophy’ (LCCA) is a rapidly spreading disease in Brazil, capable of quickly killing coconut trees and threatening the commercial exploration of this plant. The objective of this work was to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of LCCA in green dwarf coconut commercial plantation areas, located the municipality of Santa Izabel, mesoregion of Northeastern Pará, Brazil. Surveys were carried out at monthly intervals between January 2014 and December 2018, checking for plants with LCCA-characteristic symptoms. Geostatistics was applied to perform spatial-temporal disease estimates based on semivariogram modeling and preparation of ordinary kriging maps. These spatial estimates are conducted through interpolations that characterize data variability in the area. The spherical model yielded the best fit to the spatial distribution of the disease, as it presented the best coefficient of determination (R²), with the range varying between 14m and 45m. The Spatial Dependence Index (SDI) was moderate in the evaluations carried out between 2014 and 2017 (in the 0.26-0.64 range), but not in 2018, when it was strong (0.23). The values of the clustering intensity of LCCA-symptomatic plants were estimated in non-sampled points. The spherical fit model of the data indicates an aggregated distribution pattern, shown by aggregation patches in the plantation, graded by values of dissemination intensity. The kriging maps allowed the observation that the disease expands between plants in the same line, suggesting the possibility of the presence of a short-range vector.

Custo de produção de rações alternativas para peixes onívoros no estado do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

Avaliou-se o custo de produção de ração alternativa para peixes onívoros. As informações sobre ingredientes e preços (varejo) foram obtidas mensalmente de dezembro/2014 a novembro/2015 em Belém, Santa Izabel do Pará, Castanhal, Santa Maria do Pará e Bragança. Posteriormente, foram formuladas rações e calculados os custos pela estrutura de custo operacional. O processamento considerou quatro etapas, desde a “mistura” ao “resfriamento”, e tudo obedeceu a demanda hipotética de piscicultura em viveiro escavado com 0,2 hectares de lâmina d’água. Constatou-se que a maioria dos ingredientes estiveram disponíveis ao longo do ciclo de produção e outros apresentaram sazonalidade. As rações formuladas tiveram de 28 a 45% de proteína bruta e custo de R$ 1,88 a R$ 2,38 por quilo, respectivamente. Houve baixo custo de produção, sugerindo menor preço de mercado se comparado aos preços praticados para rações industrializadas na região.

Near-complete genome sequence of cowpea severe mosaic virus in South America and reduced yardlong bean production due to the viral infection

The sequence of a near-complete genome (two RNA segments) of cowpea severe mosaic virus (CpSMV) in the Comovirus genus is revealed in South America. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed using total RNA extracted from partially purified virus preparations obtained from infected yardlong bean leaves (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), collected in Santa Izabel, state of Para, Brazil. The YLB (yardlong bean) isolate has an RNA-1 with 5896 nucleotides (nt) and an RNA-2 with 3515 nt, showing 74.2% and 67.9% identity, respectively, with the CpSMV-DG isolate sequences from the USA, the only complete genome available so far. Despite the low percentage in nt identity, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the viral protease together with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pro/RdRp) and the large and small coat proteins (CP-L/CP-S), used as species demarcation criteria of the Secoviridae family, showed 92.2% (Pro-RdRp) and 85.6% (CP-L/CL-S) identities between DG and YLB isolates sequences. The nucleotide identity of partial RNA-1 sequences of 2199 nt (part of the helicase, VPg, Pro, and 2/3 of the RdRP) varied from 95.1 to 95.3% among YLB and eleven isolates from Brazil available on GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on this 2199 nt sequence revealed that the YLB isolate was positioned in a different clade compared to other CpSMV isolates. An estimate of damage caused by CpSMV under experimental conditions revealed a reduction of 39.4% in the total number of pods and 54.3% in the total number of grains, regardless of the yardlong bean cultivar evaluated. The reduction of total weight of the grains by CpSMV infection was dependent on the cultivar and was higher in cv. De metro (66.2%) than in cv. Slin (38.9%).

The Reduction of Cardiac Patients in the Coronary Care Unit of the Santa Izabel Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronary care unit by Santa Izabel Hospital (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil) made a comparison of admitted patients with coronary disease cases admitted between two equivalent periods ranging from April through July in 2019 and 2020. There was a striking reduction in 2020 of cases of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (39%); non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (19%); and unstable angina pectoris (21%). This occurred in parallel with what happened in many parts of the world and hampered offering the best treatment strategy to these patients with an acute coronary syndrome such as invasive stratification and myocardial revascularization.

Effect of extracts of amazonian bee propolis on Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in the State of Pará-Brazil

The yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarcarpa Deg.) is important culture in Brazilian Amazon agriculture, especially in the state of Pará. But its cultivation has been suffering the reduction of its areas and productivity due the diseases caused by bacteria, where chemical control, sometimes does not present the expected results. The propolis of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.) is an important natural antibiotic for the control of undesirable microorganisms of plants and animals. The present work aimed at the in vitro study of the antibiotic activity of different propolis extracts of Africanized bees from two different locations in the state of Pará in the agent that causes the passionfruit bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). A factorial analysis of three factors was performed: origin X solvent X concentration. It was verified that the concentrations of 0.5% were statistically superior to the others, with average growth inhibition power of 86%, and the propolis extract from an apiary in Santa Izabel do Pará, Pará, Brazil, obtained in ethanol at 80%, was statistically different and superior for the inhibitory effect of the growth of colony forming units (CFU) of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae.

Mapping of potential areas for landfill installation in the Metropolitan Region of Belém

The production of solid waste in Brazil has increased considerably, with the creation of a great number of dumps. Several socio-environmental impacts results from this inadequate disposal. The present work had the objective to evaluate, based on environmental, economic and social criteria, possible favorable areas for the installation of a sanitary landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (MRB), state of Pará. To this end, data were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A map with potential areas for landfill installation in the MRB was created, based on the criteria and weights assigned to each variable through map algebra methods. The results showed four areas in the municipality of Santa Bárbara and Santa Izabel as favorable for installation of the project, with characteristics that meet the criteria established in legislation (NBR 13896/1997).

Severe and moderate periodontitis are associated with acute myocardial infarction.

An association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is now well documented; however, the effect of periodontitis severity levels on this outcome, specifically on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between levels of periodontitis severity (exposure) and AMI (outcome). This case-control study, matched by sex and age, was conducted with 621 participants, with 207 individuals treated in the emergency department of Santa Izabel and Ana Nery Hospitals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, diagnosed with a first AMI event, and compared to 414 individuals without a diagnosis of AMI. Levels of periodontitis severity followed two criteria: (1) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology; (2) Gomes-Filho etal. (2018) using criteria that also evaluated bleeding upon probing. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. The adjusted association measurements showed a positive association between both severe (ORadjusted ranged from 2.21 to 3.92; 95% CI ranged from 1.03 to 10.05) and moderate periodontitis (ORadjusted ranged from 1.96 to 2.51; 95% CI ranged from 1.02 to 6.19), and AMI, for both periodontitis diagnostic criteria. It demonstrated that among those with moderate and severe periodontitis, the chance of having AMI was approximately two to four times greater than among those without periodontitis. The findings demonstrate that there is an association between the severity of the periodontal condition and AMI, suggesting a possible relationship among the levels of periodontitis severity and the cardiovascular condition.

The Use of Pedometer as a Stimulus to the Physical Activity in the Hypertensive Patients with Difficult-to- Control Hypertension: A Controlled Randomized Study

Regular physical activity contributes to better control of hypertension in addition to other dietary measures and medications. The practice of physical activity and long term adherence to it is not consistently observed in a hypertensive population. We evaluated the possible role of the use of a pedometer as a stimulus to enhance the physical activity in a selected hypertensive population.We performed a prospective, randomized trial in a difficult-to-control hypertensive population that had been followed in the hypertensive clinic of the Hospital Santa Izabel of Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia. This study compared two groups: Pedometer Group, which uses a pocket digital pedometer (Omron HJ-321) in addition to the usual medical recommendation; and Control Group, which was submitted to the regular medical recommendation without a pedometer. The performance was analyzed by the number of steps during 12 weeks observation period with the primary endpoint at first week. Forty-two patients were studied. Patients had largely low-income and low-education characteristics. Their initial number of steps at week 1 were: 6,191.7 (667.3), and 5,249.1 (549.5) for the Control and Pedometer Groups (p=0.28), respectively. At the end of a 12-week observation, the results were: 6,097.6 (547.0), and 5,913.0 (730.6) (p=0.84) for the Control and Pedometer Groups, respectively. In a population of difficult-to-control hypertension, which already had a relatively high number of steps to perform its regular activities of day-life at the beginning of the study, the use of a pedometer does not seem to enhance the level of physical activity beyond what is accomplished by the structured information that is provided in the hypertension clinic.

INTRAOBSERVER AND INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY OF THE LENKE CLASSIFICATION AMONG SPINE SURGEONS

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification among spine surgeons from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Methods Preoperative imaging (front, profile and lateral inclinations) examinations of 20 patients at the Outpatient Clinic of the of Santa Izabel Hospital Orthopedic Department, Salvador, Bahia, who had been diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, were selected to be evaluated by 15 spine surgeons two times at an interval of 30 days, for analysis of the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification. The project was first submitted for ethical analysis to the Institutional Review Board of the Santa Izabel Hospital - Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia / Prof. Dr. Celso Figueirôa and approved with voucher number 002650/2019. All the participants signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF). Results Analyzing the concordance using the Kappa index, interobserver reproducibilities of 0.755, 0.525 and 0.840 were obtained for the type of curve and the lumbar and sagittal modifiers, respectively, while the intraobserver reliabilities for the same parameters were 0.921, 0.370 and 0.929. Conclusion For the study population, the reliability of Lenke’s classification was moderate to almost perfect. Level of evidence III; Interobserver and intraobserver reliability.

Paleoarchean to Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in the Guanambi-Correntina block (GCB), north São Francisco Craton, Brazil, unraveled by U-Pb Geochronology, Nd-Sr isotopes and geochemical constraints

The north-central part of the São Francisco Craton (SFC) is one of the oldest terranes in the South American platform and experienced three regional magmatic events at 3.4–3.3, 3.1–2.7, and 2.1 Ga. Our new SHRIMP U-Pb data place the origin of Guanambi-Correntina block (GCB) in the Paleoarchean, contemporaneous with the Gavião block in central north SFC. Lithological, geochemical, and isotopic evidence indicate that the 3.4–3.3 Ga rocks of the Favelândia complex are derived from partial melting of E-MORB sources during flat subduction. The 3.1–2.7 Ga K-granitoids in the Santa Izabel complex are derived from a mixture of crustal and mafic sources, as evidenced by the slightly negative to positive ƐNd(T) and Sr/Sri between 0.700 and 0.706. The 3.1–2.7 Ga event is responsible for the recycling of the Paleoarchean TTG crust, generation of low- to high-K evolved crust, and juxtaposition of the Favelândia and Santa Izabel complexes. The youngest magmatic event at ca. 2.1 Ga produced felsic plutons, derived from anatexis of Archean felsic rocks and mantle components. The collisional process tectonically juxtaposed the Riacho de Santana greenstone belt and Archean felsic rocks at 2.1–2.0 Ga, determining the region’s current configuration. Based on the data reported in this study and previously published data, we suggest that the Guanambi-Correntina block was formed as an independent unit in the northern SFC.

Comparação de métodos de agrupamentos hierárquicos aglomerativos em indicadores de sustentabilidade em municípios do estado do Pará

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho dos métodos de agrupamento hierárquico aglomerativo utilizando um conjunto de dados composto por diversos indicadores de sustentabilidade referentes aos municípios do estado do Pará. Assim como, definir a quantidade de agrupamentos iniciais a serem constituídos pela utilização dos índices de validade. Para seleção dos indicadores, foi feito um check-list de estudos científicos de abrangência nacional, regional e local que abordam a temática da sustentabilidade. Posteriormente, foi realizado a padronização dos indicadores, devido às unidades e escalas de medidas diferentes, não interferindo no resultado e possuindo pesos semelhantes no cômputo do coeficiente de similaridade. A medida de dissimilaridade empregada foi a distância euclidiana, e para determinar o método de agrupamento hierárquico foi utilizado o coeficiente aglomerativo (CA). Para estabelecer o número de agrupamento inicial foram empregados índices de validação. O método aglomerativo com melhor desempenho quanto ao (CA) foi de Ward com 0,94, indicando uma melhor força e qualidade entre as técnicas aglomerativos. Os índices de validação Davies Bouldin (DB), Dunn (D) e Silhouette (SIL), indicaram que a quantidade ideal de agrupamentos iniciais a ser formado são 2, todavia o índice PBM constatou que a formação ideal é com 4 grupos. Com relação aos municípios maior homogeneidade, verificou-se que na composição com 2 grupos, as observações mais similares foram m105(Salinópolis) e m109(Santa Izabel do Pará), seguido das observações m102 (Rio Maria) e m144 (Xinguara), todas inseridas no grupo 1.

Resíduos sólidos e cooperativas de reciclagem

Os resíduos produzidos pela sociedade atual geram consequências e danos constantes ao meio ambiente. Visando equacionar este problema surge a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), a qual busca soluções compartilhadas para a promoção de um sistema de triagem e destinação de materiais recicláveis de forma eficiente. Para que os preceitos estabelecidos pela PNRS sejam realizados, são necessários os trabalhos tanto do catador de recicláveis, organizados em cooperativas, quanto da sociedade em geral, através da coleta seletiva. Os catadores são por diversas vezes desvalorizados socialmente e suas condições mínimas de trabalho não são atendidas. Para obtenção dos resultados desta pesquisa, foram realizadas visitas in loco no município de Santa Izabel do Oeste-PR, buscando compreender o histórico da destinação de resíduos do município, bem como realizando entrevistas com os participantes da cooperativa municipal de reciclagem. Pode-se observar o contexto socioeconômico em que os mesmos estão inseridos, e encontrar alternativas de como a arquitetura, através do princípio de condensadora social, é capaz de promover ambientes que visem a inclusão dos catadores e da sociedade na promoção de uma cidade mais sustentável.

Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality

ABSTRACT We aimed to compare the typology of dairy production systems (DPS) that meet Brazilian quality standards with that of non-compliant DPS. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in 128 DPS located in Santa Izabel do Oeste, Parana, Brazil (25°49’16” S and 53°29’04” W). In addition, milk quality reports of each DPS were analyzed. Dairy production systems were segregated into two groups: G1 – DPS that were in accordance with Brazilian regulations on milk quality, and G2 – DPS that did not [...]