Santa Catarina State Research Articles

Desempenho vitícola de diferentes seleções avançadas de videiras resistentes a doenças fúngicas em três diferentes altitudes no Sul do Brasil

Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize the phenology and the viticultural performance of advanced selections of grapevines resistant to fungal diseases obtained by the Julius Kühn Institute, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof. The experiment was conducted in three different grape-growing regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in the municipalities of Videira (840 m), São Joaquim (1110 m) and Curitibanos (1000 m) during the seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The advanced selections evaluated were the reds Gf.2004-043-0010 (Gf.10), Gf.2004-043-0013 (Gf.13), Gf.2004-043-0021(Gf.21) and the white Gf.2004-043-0004 (Gf.04). We found that pyramided loci Rpv1+Rpv3.1 and Run1+Ren3 were present, which confer resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew, respectively. The phenological stages events evaluated were budbreak, full bloom, veraison and maturity. The productive variables evaluated were fertility index, number of clusters, cluster weight and yield. Technological maturity parameters were soluble solids, total acidity and pH. To understand the relationship between the variables and whether these relationships changed depending on the cultivation environment the Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index was used to rank the genotypes based on the analyzed traits. For most selections, the budbreak occurred in the second half of September; full bloom occurred from late October to mid-November; the veraison occurred between the end of December and mid-January; and maturity occurred between the end of January and February. The earliest budbreak occurred in the vineyard located at the highest altitude (1110 m - São Joaquim), while the earliest full bloom, veraison and maturity occurred in the lowest altitude vineyard (840 m – Videira). All selections produced grapes with adequate concentrations of pH and total acidity to produce quality wines. Except for Gf.13, all selections produced grapes with levels of soluble solids suitable to produce quality wines. Based on the Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) the selections Gf.13 and Gf.10 are the most promising genotypes for the Videira region (840 m) and Gf.10 is the most promising genotype for the regions of higher altitude, 1000 m and 1110 m.

Antimicrobial detection from antimicrobial residues in raw milk from dairy farms in western Santa Catarina

Milk is a food rich in nutrients, which makes it widely consumed in Brazil. Its quality is vital for the safety of consumers. Antimicrobial residues may be present in milk if proper management is not performed in administering veterinary drugs to treat dairy cattle, thus representing a risk to human health and generating losses in manufacturing dairy products. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of antimicrobials in in natura milk samples from rural properties located western Santa Catarina State using Delvotest® T. Milk samples were collected from October to December 2021. Of the 55 samples collected, 9.1% tested positive for antimicrobial residues, pointing to the need for greater control in the process of antimicrobial administration and control of the waiting period and periodic laboratory analysis. The study allowed one to detect antimicrobial contamination in the sampled milk and emphasized the importance of monitoring and controlling the use of these antimicrobials in rural properties to ensure food safety.

HISTORIA NATURAL DE LOS ANUROS DE SERRA DONA FRANCISCA, UN REMANENTE DE LA MATA ATLÁNTICA EN EL SUR DE BRASIL

The Serra Dona Francisca is located in the subtropical region of the Atlantic Forest and part of its area is protected by a sustainable use conservation unit. In the present study, we performed an anuran inventory at different elevation, providing information on natural history of each species. Field work was carried out from October 2012 to January 2014. We sampled the anuran by active search and used three 50-meter pitfall lines composed of four 60L buckets with drift-fences at each elevation area. We registered 63 species belonging to 13 families: Brachycephalidae (4), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (1), Cycloramphidae (2), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (30), Hylodidae (2), Leptodactylidae (10), Microhylidae (2), Odontophrynidae (3), Phyllomedusidae (1), and Ranidae (1). We observed four new records for the northeastern region of Santa Catarina state: Bokermannohyla luctuosa, Scinax aromothyella, Odontophrynus americanus, and Leptodactylus plaumanni. We registered a higher number of species during the hot and wet months, with subsequent drop during the cold months. We found an increase of species richness at higher elevations. Considering our results that represent 50% of anuran richness of the Santa Catarina state, this is an important region for conservation of biodiversity of southern Atlantic Forest.

Norovirus and rotavirus in surface, malacoculture, and human consumption water in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

This study evaluated the results recorded at the Central Public Health Laboratory of Santa Catarina state (Brazil) concerning the investigation of Rotavirus (RVA) and Norovirus (NoVs) - genogroups GI and GII. Samples were taken from seawater, river water, estuary water, lagoon water, and treated water samples, from 2018 to 2021. The aim was to correlate them with each other and evaluate their association with the type of water, presence of shellfish farming, population density, and sewage treatment. The most prevalent enteric virus was RVA, followed by NoV GI and NoV GII. There was a strong correlation between the presence/absence of RVA and the presence/absence of at least one NoV genogroup, mainly in samples collected in rivers. No correlation was observed between the presence of any virus and the presence of shellfish farming. When evaluating the binomial sewage treatment vs. population density, the correlation coefficients between population density and the presence of the virus in a sample were higher than the coefficients between the percentage of treated sewage and the presence of the virus. Sources of human-origin pollution impair the quality of treated and surface waters, and therefore the results of this work can help develop viral-monitoring programs in these places.

Brazilian Coal Tailings Projects: Advanced Study of Sustainable Using FIB-SEM and HR-TEM

The objective of this study is to obtain a more detailed assessment of particles that contain rare-earth elements (REEs) in abandoned deposits of Brazilian fine coal tailings (BFCTs), so as to aid current coal mining industries in the identification of methodologies for extracting such elements (Santa Catarina State, Brazil). The BFCT areas were sampled for traditional mineralogical analysis by X-ray Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy and nanomineralogy by a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) coupled with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDS). The results show that the smaller the sampled coal fines were, the higher the proportion of rare-earth elements they contained. Although the concentration of REEs is below what would normally be considered an economic grade, the fact that these deposits are already ground and close to the surface negate the need for mining (only uncovering). This makes it significantly easier for REEs to be extracted. In addition, owing to their proximity to road and rail transport in the regions under study, the opportunity exists for such resources (BFCTs) to be utilized as a secondary market as opposed to simply being discarded as has been done in the past.

Depositional Sequences of the Itararé Group in the Region of Mafra (SC) and their Regional Correlation

The Itararé Group, Permocarboniferous of the Paraná Basin, has its deposition associated with the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which encompassed multiple glacial advance-retreat cycles. Recognizing the nature of the processes that form these rocks is essential to understand the diversity of glacial and non-glacial depositional systems that were active during the LPIA. Previous authors have carried out sedimentological and stratigraphic studies in outcrops of the Itararé Group in the Santa Catarina and Paraná states, however, the integration between these areas and the delimitation of glacial cycles is still little known. Seeking to increase the knowledge on the stratigraphy of the Itararé Group, this work aims to investigate its facies in five shallow boreholes in the Mafra region, northern Santa Catarina state. In this region, 300 meters of cores sampled almost the entire stratigraphic succession of the Itararé Group. We further integrate our results with published data from Alfredo Wagner, Vidal Ramos, Presidente Getúlio, Doutor Pedrinho and São João do Triunfo in order to build a regional stratigraphic framework. A total of 33 sedimentary facies were recognized and organized in five genetic associations, corresponding to subaqueous outwash fans, rain-out and mud settling, thin-bedded turbidites, mass- transport deposits, and thick-bedded turbidites. The regional stratigraphic correlation allowed the recognition of 5 glacial cycles, corresponding to depositional sequences of deglaciation. They show signs of glacial influence that diminish toward the top, where deltaic deposits developed as climatic conditions improved. Diamictites are present in all areas and distributed preferentially in the lower and middle sequences. They consist of mass- transport deposits with origin attributed to gravitational instability due to sediment accumulation in melting and glacial retreat phases.

Can sustainable urban planning determine people’s happiness and well-being?

Purpose – This study was designed to present how urban planning is associated with, and explain psychological well-being, health, time use, education, cultural diversity and resilience, community vitality, good governance, ecological diversity, resilience, and living standards. We used Gross National Happiness Index (GNH) as theoretical background. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative and explanatory research was conducted and operationalized through a survey of 212 citizens. We used data from a mid-sized city, inner Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Findings – The linear regression showed that urban planning predicts happiness and well-being. More specifically, urban planning impacts more time use perception; community vitality; ecological diversity and resilience; and most important, living standards. Research implications – we found that urban planning impacts more on the variables that are directly related to the environment, explained by the pillars of sustainable socio-economic development and environmental conservation. The individual and psychological dimensions related to health, culture, and education don't show the same impact, as well as good governance. Originality/value: a potential study to be used by government agencies to act directly in the elaboration of public policies once it is understood that using the GNH can identify specific deficits.

Industrial heritage of a lumber company in Santa Catarina state, Brazil: considerations about industrial archaeology and the history of material culture

The current article introduces industrial landscape formation in Brazil’s southern backcountry early in the 20th century, and the implementation of a large log extraction and processing complex – the extracted lumber was well preserved in midwestern Santa Catarina State up to that time. The operation of large lumber processing facilities (including the construction of company-town), which was boosted by substantial changes in destruction of the natural environment was little affected by such ventures, at that time. A population of squatters composed of Portuguese-Brazilians and indigenous peoples lived in this area before enterprise was implemented. Subsistence in this region was based on systems that were little systems that had little impact on the environment. The present study focuses on industrial archaeology of the lumber company; thus, we herein present the basic background of both cultural heritage and archaeology studies that have been slowly developed in this area.

Quality of refrigerated raw milk according to the bulk transport conditions

Technical regulations that determine milk quality standards in Brazil establish the minimum criteria that the processing industry's raw material must present. These rules can challenge the logistics sector (transport) to maintain adequate milk conservation levels. We aimed to evaluate the influence of bulk transport and storage conditions on refrigerated raw milk quality. The experiment was carried out in a dairy industry in Santa Catarina State. Information and samples of refrigerated raw milk were collected from dairy farms, from isothermal compartments of milk trucks, and from the industry's storage silo. These samples were submitted to microbiological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC), and physicochemical analysis. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and multivariate analysis (factor analysis). The transport of raw milk in bulk and the transfer of raw material to the industrial silo worsened the milk's microbiological quality (p < 0.0001) for standard plate count (SPC) and psychrotrophic microorganism count (PMC), without affecting, the physicochemical characteristics of the milk (p > 0.05). Poor hygienic conditions in milk storage rooms, in the refrigeration bulk tanks of the dairy farms, and during the transport, as well as the transport on longer routes, were related to higher SPC and psychrotrophic count while receiving milk by the dairy industry with higher temperatures was only associated with higher SPC.

Album/Report by the Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência: records of social and medical assistance in the coal-producing region of southern Santa Catarina, 1955-1957

During the first half of the twentieth century, the coal-producing region of Santa Catarina state underwent intense industrialization that directly impacted various ways of life; various health problems emerged in the region as a result of coal mining and impeded economic progress. As the government was unable to meet health demands, local businesses established partnerships with female religious orders that provided assistance services in the villages where workers lived. As part of such a partnership, the Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência created an album of texts, drawings, and photographs as a report describing their activities from 1955 to 1957 in one such village in the region.

Recursos fílmicos e ensino da bioética nas ciências do movimento humano

Abstract This descriptive-exploratory study conducted with graduates from the Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences at the Santa Catarina State University sought to understand the meanings of using movies in bioethics teaching and to identify motion pictures with bioethical themes related to exercise and health in the human movement sciences. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and investigated by content analysis. A priori categories were based on the objectives. The participants’ answers generated the a posteriori subcategories, organized as follows: contributions to bioethics learning for the Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences and professional life; and perceptions about using motion pictures as a pedagogical resource, including suggestions of movies and themes specific to the course. Movie resources with related themes make learning more meaningful and pleasurable, bringing the students’ professional realities closer to the bioethical content, facilitating such learning.

Fotogrametria de um icnofóssil escavado por preguiças-gigantes (Megaichnus major)

Photogrammetry of an excavated ichnofossil by giant sloths (Megaichnus major). During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, the extinct giant mammals that lived in South America had the burrowing behavior that, in the search for shelter and refuge, produced large ichnofossils called Megaichnus (paleoburrows). Megaichnus are biogenic structures in the form of tunnels and halls excavated by Folivora (Megaichnus major) and Cingulata (Megaichnus minor). On the ceiling and walls of these paleoburrows, it is possible to observe traces of excavation of these animals. Photogrammetry was performed by imaging M. major to generate the Three-Dimensional Digital Model (3DM). The paleoburrow is located in the Municipality of Doutor Pedrinho (Santa Catarina State) and was excavated in the sandstone of the Taciba Formation (Permian). The photographs were processed to generate the 3DM and the virtual reality interface with 3D glasses. The 3DMs are available for viewing on the Sketchfab website through the links (GoPro 4; https://skfb.ly/6RYyn) and (Nikon D60; https://skfb.ly/ooprJ). 3DM allows easy access to the ichnofossils, making it possible to study them remotely from anywhere in the world. The construction of 3DMs of the paleoburrows, through high-resolution photogrammetry, is an innovative proposal, and allows wide dissemination of knowledge about these structures. Keywords: paleoburrows, Quaternary, megafauna, 3D imaging.

Platform for integrated monitoring data management applied to an instrumented slope in southern Brazil

The monitoring of slopes and geotechnical structures is fundamental for guaranteeing safety and improving the knowledge of soil behavior. This study evaluated the use of a platform for integrated monitoring data management applied to an instrumented slope. The slope, known as “Morro do Boi”, is located in BR-101 highway, in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The instrumentation was installed in 2012 during the execution of a stabilization system designed to contain an unstable soil mass, and allows the verification of positive and negative pore pressure, deformations of the soil mass and the precipitation. In addition, the structure, composed by passive anchors and flexible metal mesh, is monitored with crackmeters, strain gages and load cells. Until May 2018, the historical data comprising 6 years of monitoring was automatically registered by a datalogger hourly, with manual download. On June 2018, the remote dispatch of the data was implemented and the management of this information is done through a web-based platform. This tool has been extremely useful for the ease of visualization, data management and logistical efficiency, allowing the creation of a rapid alert system in cases of variation of some parameters that could trigger landslide.

Mesophotic bioclastics and bioconstructions at the continental shelf of Santos Basin, Brazil

The Santos Basin mesophotic zone comprises one area of 104,915 km2, occupying 78% of the entire basin. Santos Basin is one of the most under stress and sensitive marine regions in the Brazilian territory due to several major ports, Oil & Gas industry, and coastal marine environmental management areas. Scientific literature recognizes that rhodolith beds and biogenic rigid-bottom patches occur on the shelf, but because lack of high-resolution seismic data, these seabed features are not yet wholly mapped at Santos Basin. However, an unprecedented gathering of historical depth sounding points and surface sediment data collection, in conjunction with an extensive field campaign of seabed sampling and sub-bottom shallow seismic records, points out new evidence of biogenic sediment distribution reefal structures in the Santos Basin. The patches of calcareous algae crusts, terraces mounds, pinnacles, and free-living rhodolith beds compose the carbonate facies on the outer shelf. Rugged bottom relief and pinnacles up to 10 m in height correlate with carbonate gravels and sandy areas. Bioconstructions are more common northward and gradually decrease southward. Geomorphological features such as rugged bottom relief might indicate the occurrence of mesophotic bioconstructions off Paraná, and Santa Catarina State coast. The mesophotic bioconstructions have evolved through four stages: 1- LGM fully sposed shelf, 2- sea-level transgression and bioconstrutions pioneers, 3- influence of the La Plata plume at the southern sector, and 4- establishment of mud patches in the northern sector due to local input.

First report of canine rangeliosis in domestic dogs from different regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Rangeliosis is the disease caused by Rangelia vitalii, a parasite reported in dogs from southeastern and southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. This protozoan is transmitted by the ixodid Amblyomma aureolatum, and infects erythrocytes, leukocytes, and vascular endothelial cells of the host. The common clinical signs, such as prostration, fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, weight loss, and dehydration, are also found in other infections, like canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. The similar clinical presentation with other diseases, as well as the indistinguishable morphology with intraerythrocytic Babesia canis, complicates the disease diagnostic. In the present study, blood samples from dogs presenting clinical signs compatible with hemoparasitosis were investigated for rangeliosis. The dogs were treated at veterinary clinics in the cities of Blumenau and Lages, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Blood samples from 17 dogs were analyzed by PCR. The samples were screened by a conventional piroplasma-PCR and the positives confirmed by a specific R. vitalii-qPCR. Two animals (2/17; 11.8%) were positive for R. vitalii, one from Blumenau and the other from Lages. Both animals presented unspecific signs of hemoparasitosis, such as apathy, anemia, and anorexia. The results indicate the necessity of molecular assays for the proper identification of the hemoparasite, and to investigate the real prevalence of rangeliosis in the State of Santa Catarina.

New records of Rileya hegeli Girault, 1916 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from Brazil

Rileya hegeli Girault, 1916 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) was previously known in USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Venezuela and, in Brazil, in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul. Here, we newly report this species from the Brazilian municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, in Goiás state, Brazil, obtained through collections with Malaise traps, of Ribeirão Preto and Águas de São Pedro, in São Paulo state, reared from leaf galls of Eugeniamyia dispar Maia, Mendonça & Romanowski, 1996 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) and of Palhoça, in Santa Catarina state, reared from galls of an unidentified Cecidomyiidae gall-maker in fruits of E. uniflora. Additionally, we provide a map with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on the new records and literature.

Effects of Farming Conditions on Infestation of Oysters by Shell-Boring Annelids

Oysters are farmed worldwide and one of the main problems is infestation by polydorin polychaetes. The native Crassostrea gasar and the exotic Pacific Crassostrea gigas oysters support aquaculture production along the subtropical southern Brazilian coast. Worm infestation rates in the two oyster species were evaluated, hypothesizing that infestation is related to stocking densities and hydrodynamic intensity. The main oyster production areas in Brazil were sampled: Parana state, Medeiros (25° 22′ S, 48° 27′ W), Ponta Oeste da Ilha do Mel (25° 29′ S, 48° 22′ W), and Cabaraquara (25° 49′ S, 48° 34′ W) and the Santa Catarina state, Riberão da Ilha (27° 43′ S, 48° 33′ W). Generalized linear models were performed to analyze the effects of sites characterized by different stocking density, hydrodynamic intensity and mean sea surface temperature (SST), the condition index, and the oyster species (native or exotic). Polydorin infestation was higher (mean of 6.02 polydorins/oyster) under higher oyster stocking densities and intermediate hydrodynamic intensity sites (Riberão da Ilha, in the Santa Catarina state). In Parana State, the two sites with similar stocking densities, Ponto Oeste (7,638 oysters/m2) and Cabaraquara (7,550 oyster/m2) presented a higher polydorin infestation in the site with low hydrodynamic intensity and higher mean SST (5.34 vs. 2.64 polydorins/oyster, respectively). The condition index was not impacted by the polydorin infestation. Native C. gasar showed a higher polydorin infestation than the exotic C. gigas (6.02 vs. 1.36, respectively), indicating a higher vulnerability to worm infestation. These results may lead to a better understanding of the infestation patterns of locally grown oysters and to the implementation of better farming management.

Pan Traps as an efficient and low cost method for sampling Corethrella Coquillet, 1902 (Diptera: Corethrellidae)

The genus Corethrella Coquillet, 1902 are known as a group of nocturnal frog-biting-midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) which locate their frog-hosts through the sound emitted by their conspicuous calls. The classical method to capture these midges consists in using modified Center Disease Control (CDC) traps in which speakers emitting frog calls replace the light bulb. However, the high cost, volume and weight of CDC traps hampers several studies in remote areas and in countries with low research investments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the capture rate of the classic modified CDC trap with a new trap recently developed, here referred as PTM. We conducted an experiment at flooded areas in the vicinity of a lake in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil in which we arranged PTM and modified CDC traps emitting frog calls of two species commonly found in the area, Physalaemus nanus (Boulenger, 1888) and P. cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826. In a total of 34,5h sampling hours per trap (one trial per night for five days), the PTM traps captured over 20 times more individuals than modified CDC traps (n= 1594; n=72, respectively) and the same number of species (3). Those results demonstrate that the PTM method had a higher capture rate, are more practical and has a lower cost than modified CDC traps. We suggest further studies to investigate which aspects could explain the differences between capture rates among PTM, BG sentinel, bottle and CDC modified methods.

GROWTH MODELS FOR Araucaria angustifolia (BERTOL.) KUNTZE IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL GRADIENTS IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA

The growth of one or more individuals in a forest is variable with the biotic and abiotic conditions of the environment. Therefore, the objective of this article was to obtain the age and growth estimates of Araucaria angustifolia, in different altitude gradients of occurrence of the species, and to identify the culmination points in the basal area. The study covered three areas with Araucaria Forest in Santa Catarina state, considering different altitudes of occurrence of the species. Non-destructive samples were collected from 226 trees, 76, 73 and 77 trees in areas 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Using the time series, diametric growth models were adjusted, allowing to obtain the curves of current annual increment and average annual increment. In area 1, the age range of the samples was 174 years, in area 2, it was 170 years and in area 3, it was 42 years. The average annual increment for areas 1, 2 and 3 were 0.33 cm, 0.51 cm and 1.01 cm, respectively. Araucaria manages to reach a high growth potential when it is in better development conditions (soil, nutrients, light…).Keywords: Araucaria forest. Dendrochronology. Altitude.

Tropicalization of demersal megafauna in the western South Atlantic since 2013

Temperatures in the southwest South Atlantic Ocean have increased over recent decades due to changes in Brazil's Current dynamics affecting marine ecosystems. However, the effects of ocean warming on demersal fauna in the region are poorly understood. Here, we analyse megafauna species composition, and changes in biomass of species with warm- and cold-water affinities for 29,021 commercial demersal catches landed in the harbours of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, between 2000 and 2019. We find evidence of megafauna tropicalization in the Brazilian Meridional Margin during this period. The mean temperature of catches has increased sharply since 2013, with the averaged optimal temperature preferences of all species in commercial catches in one year increasing at a rate of 0.41 °C yr−1. These changes in the mean temperature of the catch correlate well with model-based bottom water temperatures (with 0 and 1-year time-lag) and transport volumes of the Brazil Current (with 3 and 4-year time-lag).