Santa Catarina Coast Research Articles

Facies associations and controls on the evolution from a coastal bay to a lagoon system, Santa Catarina Coast, Brazil

The diverse Holocene morphological features along the south coast of the state of Santa Catarina include lagoons and residual lakes, a barrier, a delta (constructed by the Tubarão River), and pre-existing incised valleys that have flooded and filled. This scenario contains the sedimentary record of the transition from a bay to a lagoon system, which occurred during the rise and subsequent semi-stabilisation of the relative sea-level during the Holocene. The geomorphological evolution of this area was investigated using a combination of morphology, stratigraphic analysis of rotary push cores, vibracores and trenches with radiocarbon dating, taxonomic determination and taphonomic characterisation of Holocene fossil molluscs. Palaeogeographic maps were constructed to illustrate how the bay evolved over the last 8000years. The relative sea-level rise and local sedimentary processes were the prime forcing factors determining the depositional history and palaeogeographic changes. The Holocene sedimentary succession began between 8000 and 5700cal BP with the deposits of transgressive sandsheets. These deposits correspond to the initial marine flooding surface that was formed while the relative sea-level rose at a higher rate than the input of sediments, prior to the formation of the coastal barrier. The change from a bay to a lagoon system occurred around 5700 and 2500cal BP during the mid-Holocene highstand with the formation of the barrier and with the achievement of a balance between sea-level rise and sedimentary supply. Until 2500cal BP, the presence of this barrier, the following gentle decline in sea level and the initial emergence of back-barrier features restricted the hydro-dynamic circulation inside the bay and favoured an increase in the Tubarão River delta progradation rate. The final stage, during the last 2500years, was marked by the increasing back-barrier width, with the establishment of salt marshes, the arrival of the delta in the back-barrier, and the advance of aeolian dunes along the outer lagoon margins. This study shed light on the mechanisms of coastal bay evolution in a setting existed prior to the beginning of barrier–lagoon sedimentation.

Polychaetes of the North-Central Santa Catarina state, Brazil

A preliminary checklist of polychaete species from the inner shelf of Santa Catarina state (S Brazil) is presented, based on material collected between 26°18’ S – 27°18’ S, in depths ranging from 5 to 15 m. The checklist comprises 46 species belonging to 18 families. Sigambra pettiboneae (Hartman-Schröeder, 1979) is newly reported for the Brazilian coast. Mediomastus californiensis Hartman, 1944, Ninoe brasiliensis Kinberg, 1865, Neanthes bruaca Lana and Sovierzoski, 1987 and Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers, 1901) occurred in all samples. The distribution range of 22 other species was extended to the Santa Catarina coast.

Descrição do sincrânio de Cavia aperea (Rodentia, Caviidae) e comparação com as demais espécies do gênero no Brasil

O gênero Cavia inclui quatro espécies no Brasil, C.aperea (pelo menos duas subespécies, C.a.aperea e C.a.pamparum), C.magna, C.intermedia e C.fulgida. Visando contribuir para o conhecimento da anatomia e para a distinção dessas espécies, descreve-se o sincrânio (crânio e mandíbula) de exemplares de C.a.pamparum do Rio Grande do Sul e compara-se com exemplares de C.magna deste estado e de Santa Catarina, C.intermedia da ilha de Moleques do Sul, na costa catarinense, e C.fulgida de Minas Gerais e Paraná. Cavia aperea possui crânio baixo e longo; rostro comprimido lateralmente; constrição interorbital marcada; órbita elíptica com ampla comunicação com a fossa temporal; forâmen infra-orbital amplo e deprimido; mandíbula longa e baixa, com processo angular não refletido lateralmente; fórmula dentária 1I.0C.1P.3M; dentes hipselodontes; molariformes formados por dois prismas, o anterior laminar e o posterior cordiforme. Cavia aperea distingue-se de C.magna pelo menor desenvolvimento da porção rostral do crânio e da raiz ventral do processo zigomático do maxilar; forâmen infraorbital mais deprimido; porção posterior dos frontais e parietais menos convexos; apófises paraoccipitais mais curtas e curvas anteriormente; incisivos superiores mais estreitos e geralmente opistodontes (proodontes em C.magna); fenda terciária externa (fte) mais profunda e com mais cemento; prolongamento anterior à fte mais desenvolvido e constrição na base do prolongamento posterior. Cavia intermedia possui jugal curto; fossa jugal reduzida/ausente; depressão na região interorbital bem marcada; crista sagital larga; constrição lateral no basisfenóide tênue; forâmen magno amplo; supra-occipital baixo; fte rasa e prolongamento anterior pouco desenvolvido; p4 com prisma posterior tão largo quanto o anterior; m3 com prisma anterior mais largo que o posterior e fenda secundária interna menos profunda. Cavia fulgida caracteriza-se por suas dimensões menores e fte muito profunda. Entretanto, exemplares do sul do Brasil com estes caracteres, mas coloração não típica de C.fulgida, podem pertencer à C.aperea, sendo necessários mais estudos para esclarecer esta questão.

Espécies novas de Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae), descrições complementares e nota taxonômica

Alpaida arvoredo sp. nov. é descrita com base em machos e fêmeas da Ilha do Arvoredo, litoral de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O macho foi descrito associado à Alpaida hoffmanni Levi, 1988. O macho correto de A. hoffmanni é descrito pela primeira vez. Alpaida caramba sp. nov., com base em ambos os sexos, é descrita do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os machos de Alpaida kochalkai Levi, 1988 e A. lomba Levi, 1988, são descritos pela primeira vez.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL PLANNING TO THE SMALL PRODUCER AQUÍCOLA: STUDY ABOUT SANTA CATARINA MARICULTURE

A aquicultura de cultivo no mar, praticada ao longo do litoral catarinense, destaca-se pela contribuição no desenvolvimento econômico e financeiro das famílias envolvidas nos processos de cultivo, beneficiamento e comercialização de moluscos. O setor da aquicultura como um todo, em meio ao significativo número de produtores, apresenta fortes traços de informalidade. Em função disto, este trabalho objetiva evidenciar a importância do planejamento societário para o pequeno produtor, a partir da formalização jurídica do negócio. Portanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem dos dados predominantemente qualitativa. Os dados coletados, por intermédio de entrevista a 25 produtores com estrutura produtiva instalada na baía de Florianópolis, abordam aspectos sócio-econômico e contábil-administrativo. E assim, os resultados da pesquisa, sob o aspecto sócio-econômico evidencia significativo número de produtores satisfeitos com a atividade. No aspecto contábil-administrativo destaca-se a informalidade existente no setor da aquicultura, com limitado controle financeiro.

The holoplankton of the Santa Catarina coast, southern Brazil

This paper presents information from different sampling surveys carried out along the Santa Catarina coast in order to outline the biogeographical characteristics of the zooplankton in this region and identify species or groups of species with potential use as bioindicators. Based on a checklist of species of the zooplankton community in the state, it was observed that, in the warmer months of the year, the fauna is similar to that of the states of Paraná and São Paulo (e.g. Creseis virgula f. virgula, Penilia avirostris; Acartia lilljeborgi and Oithona oswaldocruzi), while in the colder months there are coastal representatives of the fauna of Rio Grande do Sul (e.g. Acartia tonsa). However, the zooplankton consists predominantly of warm water species for most of the year, which is typical of Tropical Shelf Waters. Various species of zooplankton can be used as hydrological indicators, enabling a distinction to be made between coastal waters which are influenced by continental inputs (e.g. Paracalanus quasimodo and Parvocalanus crassirostris), common in the north of the state, and processes of upwelling (e.g. Podon intermedius) and the influence of the Subtropical Shelf Front (e.g. Pleopis polyphemoides), coming from the south. The different environments investigated present a zooplankton abundance that depends on the influence of continental inputs and the possibility of their retaining and contribution for the coastal enrichment, which varies seasonally.

Chronic genetic damages in Geophagus brasiliensis exposed to anthropic impact in Estuarine Lakes at Santa Catarina Coast–Southern of Brazil

Biological monitoring through animals exposed to pollutants using biomarkers provides a promising tool for the identification of pollutants that may cause damage to human health and/or to sustainability of ecosystems. The effects of pollutants in fish tissues are important tools to understand the impact of human activities in natural ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the water quality of two estuarine lakes in Santa Catarina, Brazil (Camacho Lake and Santa Marta Lake). Geophagus brasiliensis is a species widely distributed in Brazil and was used in this work. Comet assays in peripheral red blood and kidney cells, micronucleus tests in peripheral red blood cells, measurements of acetylcholinesterase activity in axial muscle and histopathological analysis of liver were used as biomarkers. Three sampling campaigns were undertaken in November 2004, June 2005 and November 2005. Thirty adult animals were sampled from each of three different sites (P1--Santa Marta Lake, P2 and P3--Camacho Lake). A negative control was sampled in a non-polluted site at Costa Ecological Park, Paraná. The positive control for genotoxicity was obtained by treating animals with copper sulphate. The results showed that both studied lakes are impacted by potential genotoxic substances. Severe lesions in liver of G. brasiliensis were also observed. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggests the presence of pesticides or metals in the studied sites. This work shows that the water quality of Santa Marta and Camacho Lakes have been compromised and further control source of pollutants into these ecosystems is required.

Length-weight relationships for fishes caught by shrimp trawl in Santa Catarina coast, south Atlantic, Brazil

Summary Length–weight relationships (TW = a TLb) were estimated for fish species caught by bottom shrimp trawl north of Santa Catarina Island (Brazil) from October 2003 to September 2004. For three of the species this is the first LWR data in Brazil.

Spatiotemporal variations of the ichthyofaunal structure accompanying the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Crustacea: Penaeidae), fishery in important fishery areas of the Santa Catarina shore, Brazil

The present study analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the temporal and spatial changes in the fish assemblages present in seabob shrimp distribution sites in two important fishing areas of the Santa Catarina coast. Monthly bottom trawls, conducted between March 2007 and February 2008 in Balneario Barra do Sul and Penha, yielded a total of 38,608 specimens belonging to 54 species, of which 35 occurred in both regions. The Sciaenidae was the most represented family in both number of species and abundance of individuals. The dominant species were Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889), S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875), Isopisthus parvipinnis (Cuvier, 1830), Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pellona harroweri (Fowler, 1917). The ichthyofaunal structure showed a spatiotemporal dependence with significant differences in March 2007 and January and February 2008 between Balneario Barra do Sul and Penha. The main differences were attributed to dominant species, which were responsible for significantly altering the abundance of the assemblages. The species richness was similar in both sites, whereas the diversity and equitability indices showed monthly fluctuation patterns that differed between Balneario Barra do Sul and Penha. The Shannon index differed in August, September and November 2007 and January and February 2008, with an H' ranging from 0.74 to 1.98 influenced by dominant species, whereas significant variations were observed for the Pielou index in November 2007 and February 2008. The Berger-Parker index demonstrated a clear dominance pattern where the monthly numeric contribution of a single species ranged from approximately 30 to 80%. Although the results showed differences between fishing grounds 25% of the time, we conclude that fish assemblies captured as accompanying fauna in artisanal seabob shrimp fisheries showed statistically similar characteristics for most of the year, although Balneario Barra do Sul and Penha are 35 km away from each other.

John Banister: um cirurgião elisabetano no Brasil

In Brazil's sixteenth-century history, very few references are made to health professionals. On the expedition of Edward Fenton, dispatched by the English Crown in 1582 to set up a trading post in Asia, was the famous barber-surgeon and physician John Banister. The naval squadron, diverted from its original route to repeat the feats of Sir Francis Drake, stopped over in Africa, crossed the Atlantic and anchored off the Santa Catarina coast in Brazil. In these waters, the expedition degenerated into piracy and returned unsuccessful to Europe. John Banister is considered the person who liberated English anatomy from mediaeval slavery, shedding upon it the light of the Renaissance. It was the first time that anyone of this importance in the area of health had visited these latitudes.

BANCOS DE Sargassum cymosum (PHAEOPHYCEAE) NA ENSEADA DE ARMAÇÃO DO ITAPOCOROY, PENHA, SC: BIOMASSA E RENDIMENTO EM ALGINATO

The seaweed Sargassum occurs in large beds along Brazilian Coast, mainly in Southern and Southeastern areas. This seaweed is very important to local fauna and flora. It is also economically important mainly due alginate to production. Several kinds of approaches are needed to planning its sustainable management. This work aims to evaluate the size of subtidal Sargassum cymosum beds in Armação do Itapocoroy Bay (Penha, SC), quantifying its spatial variations on biomass and associated seaweed community, and also evaluate alginate yield separately for vegetative and reproductive branches, for each bed. The Sargassum beds area in Armação do Itapocoroy Bay reached 14,137 m2. Total estimated biomass in the bay was 17.90 ± 9.07 ton wet mass. Mean biomass ranged from 142,64 (± 34,25) to 214,76 (±131,68) g dry mass m-2 between the beds. The alginate yield ranged from 18.63 to 25.00%, and reproductive branches yield was higher than vegetative branches yield. Reproductive structures alone yield about 30%. Despite many additional works are needed, these results indicate potential for Sargassum exploitation in Santa Catarina Coast.

Variabilidade da precipitação no Brasil Meridional

Seasonal and annual rainfall fluctuations were studied in the Brazilian states of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul , using DNAEE ( Departamento Nacional de Aguas e Energia Eletrica ) e DAEE ( Departamento de Aguas e Energia Eletrica ) data, from 1960 to 1991. The aims were to establish a precipitation seasonal scale model in each State and to understand its variability during wet and dry periods, through different statistical (descriptions) methods. The deterministic processes were filtered as, for instance, the highly pronounced annual cycle. Spectral analysis was used to obtain new series in which unknown processes were shown. The studied precipitation got maximum values in the wet period and minimum values in the dry period in Sao Paulo , coastal and northeastern Parana and Santa Catarina coast. In the continentals Parana and Santa Catarina , and in all Rio Grande do Sul , the precipitation structure was homogeneous. The variability after filtering showed that the series were essentially dominated by randon processes. Persistence, when present, is given by annual wave.

Pesca artesanal do camarão sete-barbas: uma caracterização sócio-econômica na Penha, SC

Marine resources exploration along Santa Catarina coast plays an important role in the socioeconomic and cultural context. Considering this information, the elaboration of a management plan for fishery resources should consider beyond the biological, physical and chemical components, the socioeconomic dimension. This work aimed to characterize the socioeconomic profile of the fishermen of sea-bob-shrimp at Penha (Santa Catarina State). To accomplish this characterization, 55 local fishermen were interviewed, regarding scholar instruction of fisherman and their family, data on fishery activity, destination and commercialization of the shrimp and by-catch, and also the gear utilized in the fishery. Results showed an age composition of fishermen predominantly among 40 and 50 years old, confirming that the activity is performed mainly by the elders of the community, which on the other hand, cannot keep their family only with the fishery profits. Such situation is driving the activity to a decline, in a way that fishermen are being obligated to accept informal jobs, putting in risk their survivorship and a rich Azorean culture.

Wave refraction and longshore transport patterns along the southern Santa Catarina coast

Based on the wave climate for the southern Brazilian coast, wave refraction has been modelled in order to obtain the refracted wave heights and directions along the southern Santa Catarina coast, providing the needed information for potential longshore drift estimates. According to its coastline orientation, different sectors of the coast present varying longshore drift patterns. Estimates have been made for the yearly-averaged wave climate as well as for each season, showing thereby the longshore drift patterns along the year. Based on the results of the potential longshore drift intensities and directions and on the shoreline outline in plan, it has been possible to identify a strongly drift-dominated coast in the south turning to a mixed drift and swash dominated coast towards the north of the studied area. Contrasting patterns of longshore drift between the southern and northern portion of the coastline indicate a sediment surplus in the central portion, making sediment available for cross-shore transport processes, either on- or offshore. Considering long-term aspects, the longshore drift patterns are in agreement with the coastal infilling process which has mainly been driven by persistent surplus from littoral sediment drift.

Physioecology of the mussel Perna perna (Mytilidae) in Southern Brazil

The energy budget or scope for growth in bivalves has been applied to economically important species, in studies on the limits of climactic adjustment for a particular ecological niche. This paper presents the physiological rates of respiration, clearance and absorption efficiency of the marine mussel Perna perna, determined during the years 1997–2001, for mussels collected on the Santa Catarina coast, southern Brazil. These physiological parameters were achieved under static, laboratory controlled conditions. A total of 153 experiments were carried out, grouped in 2-month periods, performed seasonally in order to estimate the scope for growth and its probable sources of variation, using biotic and abiotic environmental parameters. Temperature directly influences respiration. Absorption efficiency is directly related to the organic content of the seston. Clearance rates didn't show relationship with the environmental parameters, but a tendency of being low in high temperatures. The scope for growth is negative during the hot months (January–February) reflecting the high respiration and low clearance rates, and reaches its highest positive values during the winter months and early spring, due to the high organic content of the seston and its higher absorption efficiency. Scope for growth showing a strong relationship with the biological condition index of the organisms.

The Brachyura and Anomura fauna (Decapoda; Crustacea) in the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve on the southern brazilian coast

Eight species of Brachyura and two species of Anomura were registered for the first time on the Santa Catarina coast, in the waters around the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve. The animals were collected by scuba divers, between 3 and 22 meters depth, from September 2001 to February 2003. A total of 31 decapod species were collected, and most of the new occurrences had already been registered in the adjacent northern waters.

Avaliação de extratos de macroalgas bênticas do litoral catarinense utilizando o teste de letalidade para Artemia salina

Foram coletadas amostras de algas marinhas de 19 espécies (sendo 4 pertencentes ao filo Chlorophyta, 5 ao filo Phaeophyta e 10 ao filo Rhodophyta) em dois locais do litoral catarinense. Os extratos etanólicos foram submetidos ao teste de letalidade para larvas de Artemia salina com objetivo de realizar uma triagem das espécies. Dos 26 extratos testados, 25 apresentaram toxicidade significativa em pelo menos uma das 3 concentrações testadas. O grupo de algas vermelhas (Rhodophyta) foi o que obteve maior porcentagem de extratos com resultados estatisticamente significativos pelo método do qui-quadrado e também menores valores de CL50, com destaque para Acanthophora spicifera, Hypnea musciformis e Pterocladiella capillacea. Observaram-se diferenças entre as espécies de um mesmo gênero (Codium decorticatum e Codium isthmocladium) e também a influência de fatores ambientais (Hypnea musciformis) na toxicidade dos extratos.

Análise quali-quantitativa da ictiofauna acompanhante na pesca do camarão sete-barbas, na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina

A ictiofauna acompanhante na pesca de camarão sete-barbas foi estudada mensalmente entre agosto 1996 a julho 2003 nas áreas de atuação da pesca artesanal na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha. Foram utilizadas duas redes-de-arrasto com portas, malha de 3,0 cm na manga e corpo e de 2,0 cm no ensacador, tracionada por baleeira com velocidade média de 2,0 nós. A temperatura e salinidade média da água de fundo mantiveram um padrão uniforme de flutuação sazonal, sem diferença significativa entre os anos de coleta. Das 60 espécies capturadas, 22 foram comuns ao longo do período de coleta. As famílias Sciaenidae, Carangidae e Clupeidae apresentaram o maior número de espécies contribuindo com 92,0% das capturas, onde Stellifer spp., Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Isopisthus parvipinnis foram mais abundantes nas coletas, apresentando ocorrência regular ao longo dos anos. Ocorreram flutuações sazonais na abundância e diversidade da ictiofauna com diferença significativa entre os anos de coleta e biomassa, bem como em número de exemplares. O monitoramento da pesca de arrasto direcionada ao camarão sete-barbas poderá contribuir na manutenção dos estoques e assegurar a subsistência das comunidades tradicionais no litoral catarinense.

Morphological and phylogenetic study of the Western Atlantic Crepidula plana complex (Caenogastropoda, Calyptraeidae), with description of three new species from Brazil

A detailed morphological study was performed in the following species of Crepidula: 1) C. margarita new species from Venezuela; 2) C. plana Say, 1822; 3) C. atrasolea Collin, 2000; 4) C. depressa Say, 1822, from Florida, USA; 5) C. pyguaia, new species from Santa Catarina coast, Brazil; 6) C. carioca, new species from Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil. Additionally, five other species anatomically studied in Simone (2002) were also included: 7) C. argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000, from Argentina; 8) C. glauca Say, 1822, from Venezuela; 9) C. fornicata (Linné, 1758), from Mediterranean and Florida; 10) C. protea Orbigny, from S.E. Brazil; 11) C. aff. plana, here described as C. intratesta new species, from S.E. Brazil; 12) C. cachimilla Cledón Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004, from Patagonia. The 46 characters (106 states) for these species were phylogenetically analyzed and a single cladogram was obtained (length: 93, CI: 65; RI: 64) as follows: (Crepidula cachimilla (C. argentina ((C. carioca C. pyguaia) ((C. fornicata (C. intratesta C. protea)) ((C. glauca C. margarita) (C. plana (C. atrasolea C. depressa))))))). Two outgroups were used: Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791), which most authors consider a Crepidula (operationally analyzed as part of the ingroup), and the remaining calyptraeoideans studied by the author. The monophyly of the ingroup is confirmed, supported by 25 morphological synapomorphies. Although the ingroup is fully resolved, no clades are formally named, because the phylogeny is still considered provisional. Most studied species belong to an informal group called “Crepidula plana-complex”, but it is not monophyletic, since C. fornicata, which does not belong to this complex, is part of the ingroup. This study demonstrates that detailed morphological data are useful in phylogenetic studies even at the level of closely related/sibling species, resulting in cladogram with good resolution and a good number of shared, analyzable characters. A biogeographic analysis is also performed considering the distribution of each species under the light of the obtained cladogram, a clear ascension from south to north is the main pattern of the evolutionary history of these species. Further comments on the systematics of Crepidula aplysioides Reeve and C. convexa Say is also performed.

The occurrence of jellyfish stings on the Santa Catarina coast, southern Brazil

Centro de Ciencias Tecnologicas da Terra e do Mar - CTTMar/UNIVALI (Caixa Postal 360, Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-202 Itajai, SC, Brazil) cresgalla@univali.br The Santa Catarina coast is a major area tourism in Southern Brazil, and is visited by Brazilians from the southern and southeastern regions and neighboring countries (Hoefel & Klein, 1998). During the summer season, bathers are frequently sting by jellyfish, i.e. by Cnidarians of the Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa and Cubozoa classes but these occurrences have only rarely been investigated. However, incidents involving Cnidarians on the Brazilian coast have been the theme of studies carried out by Freitas