Sankey Diagram Research Articles

Learning experiences of mathematical situations in university students from the innovation project

The research allowed to describe and assess the learning experiences of mathematical situations from the actions of the Innovation Project. Due to the methodological sequence, the study presented a qualitative approach of phenomenological design, of an interpretative descriptive type articulated to strategies of analysis of specific facts; for this purpose, the participation of engineering university students was described. The phases of the project were developed with thirty groups made up of four members each. In conclusion, the Innovation Project allowed nodes to be detected as phases during the learning of mathematics: idealization, exploration, plan design and the final product. In addition, the methodological sequence of the project detected that interactivity is linked to creativity, unpublished, innovative and heuristic solutions during the approach to the project thanks to the Sankey diagram.

Elaboration of Energy Flow Sankey Diagrams for the Central American Region to Improve National Energy Planning

This article addresses the development of energy flow diagrams for the Central American region, based on the World Energy Balance for the year 2019. The main objective of this work is to provide a diagnosis of the efficiency of the energy systems, as well as the components that integrate them, which help to identify the improvement areas for the reduction of energy consumption. The development of the energy flow diagrams follows a model stablished by the International Energy Agency, divided in: primary energy resources, conversion technologies, and sectors of demand. In addition to the model stated before, energy flow diagrams shown in this article contain energy services and energy losses, calculated through the efficiencies found for each sector of demand. Six energy flow diagrams were developed to represent the energetic outlook of the region in regards to energy efficiency, primary energy resource consumption, and final energy consumption by the sectors of demand, as well as the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. This work can serve as a guide for energy planning, by tracking the energy flows to reduce energy losses and CO2 emissions by improving the low efficiency areas.

Switches between biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: results from the French cohort PSOBIOTEQ.

Biologics are the cornerstone of treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and switches between biologics are frequently needed to maintain clinical improvement over time. The main purpose of this study was to describe precisely switches between biologics and how their pattern changed over time with the recent availability of new biologic agents. We included patients receiving a first biologic agent in the Psobioteq multicenter cohort of adults with moderate-to-severe psoriasis receiving systemic treatment. We described switches between biologics with chronograms, Sankey and Sunburst diagrams, assessed cumulative incidence of first switch by competing risks survival analysis and reasons for switching. We assessed the factors associated with the type of switch (intra-class - i.e. within the same therapeutic class - vs. inter-class) in patients switching from a TNF-alpha inhibitor using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2153 patients was included. The cumulative incidence of switches from first biologic was 34% at 3 years. Adalimumab and ustekinumab were the most prescribed biologic agents as first and second lines of treatment. The main reason for switching was loss of efficacy (72%), followed by adverse events (11%). Patients receiving a TNF-alpha inhibitor before 2016 mostly switched to ustekinumab, whereas those switching in 2016 or after mostly switched to an IL-17 inhibitor. Patients switching from a first-line TNF-alpha inhibitor before 2016 were more likely to switch to another TNF-alpha inhibitor compared with patients switching since 2018. Patients switching from etanercept were more likely to receive another TNF-alpha inhibitor rather than another therapeutic class of bDMARD compared with patients switching from adalimumab. This study described the switching patterns of biologic treatments and showed how they changed over time, due to the availability of the new biologic agents primarily IL-17 inhibitors.

Development of a Novel Prognostic Model of Glioblastoma Based on m6A-Associated Immune Genes and Identification of a New Biomarker.

BackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that m6A regulates oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, thus playing a dual role in cancer. Likewise, there is a close relationship between the immune system and tumor development and progression. However, for glioblastoma, m6A-associated immunological markers remain to be identified.MethodsWe obtained gene expression, mutation, and clinical data on glioblastoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. Next, we performed univariate COX–least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)–multivariate COX regression analyses to establish a prognostic gene signature and develop a corresponding dynamic nomogram application. We then carried out a clustering analysis twice to categorize all samples according to their m6A-regulating and m6A-associated immune gene expression levels (high, medium, and low) and calculated their m6A score. Finally, we performed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cell counting kit-8, cell stemness detection, cell migration, and apoptosis detection in vitro assays to determine the biological role of CD81 in glioblastoma cells.ResultsOur glioblastoma risk score model had extremely high prediction efficacy, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reaching 0.9. The web version of the dynamic nomogram application allows rapid and accurate calculation of patients’ survival odds. Survival curves and Sankey diagrams indicated that the high-m6A score group corresponded to the groups expressing medium and low m6A-regulating gene levels and high m6A-associated prognostic immune gene levels. Moreover, these groups displayed lower survival rates and higher immune infiltration. Based on the gene set enrichment analysis, the pathophysiological mechanism may be related to the activation of the immunosuppressive function and related signaling pathways. Moreover, the risk score model allowed us to perform immunotherapy benefit assessment. Finally, silencing CD81 in vitro significantly suppressed proliferation, stemness, and migration and facilitated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.ConclusionWe developed an accurate and efficient prognostic model. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of different stratification methods with tumor microenvironment provided a basis for further pathophysiological mechanism exploration. Finally, CD81 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma.

Land Recovery and Soil Management with Agroforestry Systems

Soils have many ecological functions and provide various ecosystem services including support for global food and fuel production. However, FAO reports indicate that approximately one-third of the planet’s arable lands show levels of degradation from processes including soil erosion, low levels of nutrients, acidification, salinization, compaction, sealing, and contamination. These conditions are also found in Brazil where soil degradation is largely caused by inadequate land management. Worldwide, strategic policies have been presented to mitigate this problem, with emphasis on sustainable agriculture. Among them, agroforestry has been identified as a viable system for mitigating and recovering degraded areas. Agroforestry techniques have been developed and tested but are still not understood by farmers, due to their complexity. This study aimed to analyze experiences and studies with agroforestry reported from Australia, some countries in Africa, and Brazil to search for similarities in these complex systems and identify possible correlations to support the hypothesis that land recovery can be enhanced through soil management using agroforestry. A Sankey diagram was developed to illustrate relationships among problems, the adoption of agroforestry and improvements, and the most important contributions. Data analysis shows that the main problems related to soil degradation are soil erosion and decreased soil fertility, while the adoption of agroforestry systems proved to improve different aspects of soil quality and to be a safe path to sustainable agricultural production. To obtain more information on the adoption of these systems in different locations, soils, and climates, it is important to implement policies for reducing land degradation. Furthermore, the assessment of the economic, environmental and social benefits of improving soil fertility and decreasing erosion in agroforestry systems is necessary to validate the use of agroforestry as a sustainable agricultural practice.

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) in the thermochemical waste heat recuperation systems: The energy and mass balances

This paper is presented a concept of thermochemical recuperation of waste heat based on hydrogen extraction from liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), on the example of methylcyclohexane-toluene system. The advantages of this concept is described, for example, a possibility to use a moderate low temperature of waste heat for generation high-exergy “green” hydrogen fuel. To understand the effect of operating parameters on the energy and mass balance, the thermodynamic analysis was performed. The chemical system for hydrogen generation was analyzed via Gibbs free energy minimization method. The thermodynamic analysis was conducted under various operating conditions: temperature of 100–400 °C, pressure of 1–4 bar. Aspen HYSYS software was used for the energy and mass conservation analysis. Sankey diagram for the energy flows is depicted. The results showed that the maximum energy efficiency the thermochemical waste heat recuperation system have in the temperature range above 300–350 °C. In this temperature range, the effect of pressure on the energy balance is negligible and it is recommended for the thermochemical recuperation system to use LOHC with a pressure of 1.5–2 bar. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the temperature potential of waste heat for about 300–350 °C is enough for the investigated concept. An analysis of a mass balance showed that the decreasing in condensation temperature leads to a significant increasing in the share of condensed toluene from toluene-hydrogen mixture after a reactor. If temperature of a hydrogen-toluene mixture of 20 °C at pressure above 2 bar about 96% of toluene can be condensed after the first condenser.

Energy efficiency for wine companies: Regional sustainability initiatives in the Guadalupe valley from a transdisciplinary perspective

Energy efficiency is an aspect highly related to the sustainability and competitiveness in the medium and long term of any company. This paper describes the theoretical and technical generalities of some case studies related to wine-producing companies located in the Guadalupe Valley, Mexico, which began the implementation of an energy management system based on ISO 50001 to optimize the use of energy and minimize the carbon footprint of its products (wine). The framework for these Capstone Projects and the multi-year energy balance analysis using Sankey diagrams are presented to determine the Energy Performance Indicators and Significant Energy Uses. In addition, considering the experiences gained in these projects, a transdisciplinary analysis is carried out to strengthen the sustainable life cycle of the wine based on resource efficiency as the main element from a circular economy approach.

(Tar)getting you: The use of online political targeted messages on Facebook

This study examines how mainstream political actors and other organizations use political targeted messages. For this purpose, a data set from ProPublica is used. The study examines 55,918 sponsored Facebook ads that were posted by 236 political actors (i.e., political elites and other organizations) in the United States. (1) Topic classification was used to identify policy issues, (2) network analysis to identify the main policy issues from the various political actors, and (3) Sankey diagrams to visualize microtargeted messages. Our findings indicate that actors focus on traditionally owned issues (i.e., the Democratic Party: environmental policy, social issues, and social welfare; the Republican Party: foreign affairs, law, and government finances). No clear evidence for a focus on wedge issues can be found, however, some first indications (e.g., a focus on reproductive rights, LGBTQ+) are present in a targeted media environment. All in all, the current study helps us to understand in what way political actors deploy targeted messages.

Towards the Adoption of Novel Visualizations in Public Health.

Visualizations form an important part of public health informatics (PHI) communications. Visualizing data facilitates discussion, aids understanding, makes patterns apparent, promotes analysis, and fosters recall. How rare are novel visualizations in the PHI literature? In Phase 1, we used a rapid review methodology to test the commonness of the Sankey diagram in the PHI theory literature via an automated text search for key terms. In Phase 2, we prototype an uncommon chart type. A total of 27 relvant papers were searched and a computer-generated Sankey diagram was prototyped. PHI professionals have access to visualization tools emerging from social media and niche systems. PHI literature underutilizes uncommon visualizations requiring programming expertise. The authors advocate for: multi-disciplinary teamwork, technical education, the use of open visualization tools, and further adoption of visualization for public health professionals.

Students' beliefs on empirical arguments and mathematical proof in an introduction to proof class

We report findings from a longitudinal study of students’ beliefs about empirical arguments and mathematical proof. We consider the influence of an ‘Introduction to Proof (ITP)’ course and the consequences of the observed changes in behaviour. Consistent with recent literature, our findings suggest that a majority of the thirty-eight undergraduate students in this study do not find empirical arguments convincing, even at the beginning of their ITP course. We use Sankey diagrams to show that, while many were unconvinced by these arguments at the start and end of the course, others began the course endorsing empirical arguments as similar to their own, shifting toward deductive-symbolic arguments by the end. Finally, we consider the value of Sankey diagrams for understanding changes in population behaviours, and the consequences of our work for future research on the role of empirical arguments in the classroom.

Identification of hub genes and pathways in colitis-associated colon cancer by integrated bioinformatic analysis

BackgroundColitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) patients have a younger age of onset, more multiple lesions and invasive tumors than sporadic colon cancer patients. Early detection of CAC using endoscopy is challenging, and the incidence of septal colon cancer remains high. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that can predict the tumorigenesis of CAC is in urgent need.ResultsA total of 275 DEGs were identified in CAC. IGF1, BMP4, SPP1, APOB, CCND1, CD44, PTGS2, CFTR, BMP2, KLF4, and TLR2 were identified as hub DEGs, which were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt pathway, stem cell pluripotency regulation, focal adhesion, Hippo signaling, and AMPK signaling pathways. Sankey diagram showed that the genes of both the PI3K-AKT signaling and focal adhesion pathways were upregulated (e.g., SPP1, CD44, TLR2, CCND1, and IGF1), and upregulated genes were predicted to be regulated by the crucial miRNAs: hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-1-3p, et al. Hub gene-TFs network revealed FOXC1 as a core transcription factor. In ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, KLF4, CFTR, BMP2, TLR2 showed significantly lower expression in UC-associated cancer. BMP4 and IGF1 showed higher expression in UC-Ca compared to nonneoplastic mucosa. Survival analysis showed that the differential expression of SPP1, CFRT, and KLF4 were associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer.ConclusionOur study provides novel insights into the mechanism underlying the development of CAC. The hub genes and signaling pathways may contribute to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CAC.

A comparative evaluation of alternative optimization strategies for a novel heliostat-driven hydrogen production/injection system coupled with a vanadium chlorine cycle

This paper introduces an innovative and cost-effective multi-generation plant, driven by the central receiver-based concentrated solar systems, to facilitate the desired global green-transition process. The vanadium chlorine thermochemical cycle, which uses hydrogen instead of natural gas in the combustion chamber, is used as an innovative approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed system also includes a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for excess power generation and a multi-effect desalination (MED) unit to reduce exergy loss. The suggested system's technological, economic, and environmental metrics are analyzed and compared to a similar system that stores the created hydrogen rather than burning it in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the viability of the studied model is investigated under the optimal operating condition, using the example of Sevilla in order to make the conclusions more reliable. According to the findings, the suggested novel configuration is a better alternative in terms of cost and environmental impact owing to decreased product energy costs and CO2 emissions. The outcomes further indicate that the substitution of the condenser with TEG leads to considerably higher power production. According to the optimization findings, the multi-objective grey wolf algorithm is the best optimization strategy compared to the non-dominated genetic and particle swarm approaches. At the best optimization point, 2.5% higher exergy efficiency, 1 $/GJ cheaper product energy cost, and 0.12 kg/kWh lower levelized CO2 emission are achieved compared to the operating condition. The Sankey diagram indicates that the solar heliostat system has the highest irreversibility. The exergy analysis results further reveal that the flue gas condensation process through the Rankine cycle and MED unit lead to a 53.2% reduction in exergy loss. Finally, considerable CO2 emission reductions show that the suggested new method is an effective solution for cleaner energy production in warmer climate countries.

Real-world treatment intensities and pathways of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion in Korea from Common Data Model in ophthalmology

Despite many studies, optimal treatment sequences or intervals are still questionable in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) macular edema. The aim of this study was to examine the real-world treatment patterns of RVO macular edema. A retrospective analysis of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, a distributed research network, of four large tertiary referral centers (n = 9,202,032) identified 3286 eligible. We visualized treatment pathways (prescription volume and treatment sequence) with sunburst and Sankey diagrams. We calculated the average number of intravitreal injections per patient in the first and second years to evaluate the treatment intensities. Bevacizumab was the most popular first-line drug (80.9%), followed by triamcinolone (15.1%) and dexamethasone (2.28%). Triamcinolone was the most popular drug (8.88%), followed by dexamethasone (6.08%) in patients who began treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. The average number of all intravitreal injections per person decreased in the second year compared with the first year. The average number of injections per person in the first year increased throughout the study. Bevacizumab was the most popular first-line drug and steroids were considered the most common as second-line drugs in patients first treated with anti-VEGF agents. Intensive treatment patterns may cause an increase in intravitreal injections.

Methodology for carbon emission flow calculation of integrated energy systems

Aggravation of energy shortage and global warming has raised public low-carbon awareness and promoted the development of integrated energy system (IES). However, there has not been a general method for analysis of carbon emission distribution in the IES yet. A methodology combining energy flow (EF) with carbon emission flow (CEF) is proposed in this paper to calculate and analyze the carbon emission from the IES, which is composed of AC/DC power systems and heating/cooling systems. Decoupling methods are used to improve computing efficiency with good convergence in solving energy flow equations of subsystems. A typical case is modeled and simulated using CloudPSS-IESLab platform, a high-efficient power flow solver, with calculation results and Sankey diagram demonstrating the CEF distribution in the IES.

A 10-year bibliometric analysis of publications in emergency medicine

ObjectiveEmergency medicine (EM) research is growing at a rapid pace. It is important to understand the scope and trends over time in order to identify gaps and future areas for growth. This study aimed to describe trends in scientific publications within EM over the past decade. MethodsWe searched the Web of Science database's Emergency Medicine category for all scientific publications published between 2010 and 2019. Data were presented via descriptive statistics. Inferential bibliometric analyses included clustering of the selected parameters of keywords, Keyword Plus, titles, and abstracts; Bradford's law to evaluate core journals, and the Sankey diagrams to evaluate the flows between research themes over time. ResultsWe identified 32,858 articles written by 85,693 authors. The mean citations per document were 11. The top five countries with the highest number of publications were the United States (n = 42,221), Turkey (n = 6595), Canada (n = 6545), Australia (n = 5867), and China (n = 5322). The journals with the highest number of publications: the American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Journal of Emergency Medicine, Resuscitation, and Pediatric Emergency Care. The most frequent topics were cardiovascular emergencies, resuscitation, mortality, patient outcomes, emergency imaging, triage, education, and management. ConclusionThis bibliometric study is a quick snapshot of research in the EM field in the last decade and may provide insights into the scientific agendas of the EM professionals.

The Metabolome of Food Knowledge Database: Development of a Nutrition Database to Support Precision Nutrition

ObjectivesTo develop a precision nutrition knowledge database, with the aim to provide individualized and actionable dietary recommendations to help prevent disease. However presently, dietary phytochemicals are poorly represented in current metabolomic databases. To address this gap, we are building a cloud-based knowledge database (KDB) named “The Metabolome of Food” (MetaboFood®) which focuses on phytochemical compositional, metabolite and pathway data.MethodsMetaboFood® features P-MetDB®, a database in static tabular form, of nutritionally relevant phytochemicals and their metabolites derived from systematic literature reviews of 17 commonly consumed phytochemical-rich foods, matched to InChI key, physical and chemical properties (mass, formula) and database identifiers (i.e., PubChem ID, KEGG ID, SMILES etc.). To build MetaboFood®, information about metabolic pathways and diseases associated with these foods have been extracted from various pathway databases using APIs that these databases provide. Information can be searched in MetaboFood® and results are explored in a highly visual and interactive way, in the form of self-organizing maps, node-link diagrams, Sankey diagrams and other visual analytics techniques.ResultsMetaboFood® captures data on foods, their phytochemical compositions, human and microbial metabolites, and pathway and diseases linkages. Information in MetaboFood® facilitates both hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing relative to food and pathway analysis. Initial use of this database identifies significant interactions between polyphenol rich foods and numerous metabolic networks.ConclusionsMetaboFood® builds on traditional food composition databases by integrating biochemical and disease pathway data with diet metabolites. A key to moving forward is building data richness, enabling greater connections between diet and health.Funding SourcesResearch reported in this abstract was supported by a NIEHS Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource (HHEAR) program grant under award number 1U2CES030857-01 and a NIH Nutrition for Precision Health (NPH) Metabolomics and Clinical Assay Center (MCAC) grant under the award number 1U24CA268153-01. CDK was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch award (Kay-Colin; 1,011,757).

Pharmacological treatment patterns in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Netherlands: a real-world data analysis.

To investigate medication prescription patterns among children with JIA, including duration, sequence and reasons for medication discontinuation. This study is a single-centre, retrospective analysis of prospective data from the electronic medical records of JIA patients receiving systemic therapy aged 0-18 years between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2019. Patient characteristics (age, gender, JIA subtype) and medication prescriptions were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics, Sankey diagrams and Kaplan-Meier survival methods. Over a median of 4.2 years follow-up, the 20 different medicines analysed were prescribed as monotherapy (n = 15) or combination therapy (n = 48 unique combinations) among 236 patients. In non-systemic JIA, synthetic DMARDs were prescribed to almost all patients (99.5%), and always included MTX. In contrast, 43.9% of non-systemic JIA patients received a biologic DMARD (mostly adalimumab or etanercept), ranging from 30.9% for oligoarticular persistent ANA-positive JIA, to 90.9% for polyarticular RF-positive JIA. Among systemic JIA, 91.7% received a biologic DMARD (always including anakinra). When analysing medication prescriptions according to their class, 32.6% involved combination therapy. In 56.8% of patients, subsequent treatment lines were initiated after unsuccessful first-line treatment, resulting in 68 unique sequences. Remission was the most common reason for DMARD discontinuation (44.7%), followed by adverse events (28.9%) and ineffectiveness (22.1%). This paper reveals the complexity of pharmacological treatment in JIA, as indicated by: the variety of mono- and combination therapies prescribed, substantial variation in medication prescriptions between subtypes, most patients receiving two or more treatment lines, and the large number of unique treatment sequences.

Machine learning in the discipline of architecture: A review on the research trends between 2014 and 2020

Through the recent technological developments within the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) studies have had a huge impact on various disciplines such as social sciences, information communication technologies (ICTs), architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). Regarding decision-making and forecasting systems in particular, AI and machine learning (ML) technologies have provided an opportunity to improve the mutual relationships between machines and humans. When the connection between ML and architecture is considered, it is possible to claim that there is no parallel acceleration as in other disciplines. In this study, and considering the latest breakthroughs, we focus on revealing what ML and architecture have in common. Our focal point is to reveal common points by classifying and analyzing current literature through describing the potential of ML in architecture. Studies conducted using ML techniques and subsets of AI technologies were used in this paper, and the resulting data were interpreted using the bibliometric analysis method. In order to discuss the state-of-the-art research articles which have been published between 2014 and 2020, main subjects, subsets, and keywords were refined through the search engines. The statistical figures were demonstrated as huge datasets, and the results were clearly delineated through Sankey diagrams. Thanks to bibliometric analyses of the current literature of WOS (Web of Science), CUMINCAD (Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD, and CAAD futures), predictable data have been presented allowing recommendations for possible future studies for researchers.

Uncovering the Mechanism of Chuanhong Stroke Capsule in the Treatment of Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology

Background and Objective: Chuanhong Stroke Capsule (CHSC) has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of CHSC in treating CIS using bioinformatics. Methods: The active compounds of CHSC were screened by searching Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Swiss absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Besides, the potential targets of active compounds were obtained through TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction databases. CIS targets were obtained from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. CHSC-CIS intersection targets were identified by matching the two, and prediction and analysis of biological functions and pathways of intersection targets was used the enrichments of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, herb-target, and compound-target network of CHSC-CIS were constructed by Cytoscape3.7.2, and herb-compound-pathway network was drawn with Sankey diagram. Finally, AutoDock was used for molecular docking verification, and identifying the active binding sites in target proteins. Results: A total of 293 putative targets were obtained from 62 active compounds in CHSC. Among them, 209 targets were related to CIS. PPI network showed that the top 16 key targets were RELA, JUN, FOS, MAPK1, AKT1, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that CHSC was enriched in PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathways. In addition, GO enrichment analysis showed the significant enrichment of CHSC in the following categories: kinase binding, cellular response to nitrogen compound, etc. Network topology analysis showed that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, etc., were the key components in CHSC. Finally, molecular docking studies suggested that the active components in CHSC had a good binding ability with the key targets. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that CHSC exerted the effect in treating CIS by the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway, thereby providing a theoretical basis for further study of the effective components and mechanism of CHSC in the treatment of CIS.

MP07-11 REAL WORLD MEDICATION PERSISTENCE IN TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER ACCORDING TO LARGE SCALE PRESCRIPTION CLAIMS DATA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP07-11 REAL WORLD MEDICATION PERSISTENCE IN TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER ACCORDING TO LARGE SCALE PRESCRIPTION CLAIMS DATA Chen Shenhar, Karin Lifshitz, Igor Mintz, Yariv Shtabholtz, Ofer Yossepowitch, Jack Baniel, and Shachar Aharony Chen ShenharChen Shenhar More articles by this author , Karin LifshitzKarin Lifshitz More articles by this author , Igor MintzIgor Mintz More articles by this author , Yariv ShtabholtzYariv Shtabholtz More articles by this author , Ofer YossepowitchOfer Yossepowitch More articles by this author , Jack BanielJack Baniel More articles by this author , and Shachar AharonyShachar Aharony More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002529.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Medical treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) have proven efficacy in controlled trials. However, 1-year medication persistence is reported to be as low as 25% for anticholinergics and 40% for β3 agonists. Real world data on treatment continuation and sequence in case of medication replacement is limited. Our aim was to study actual treatment persistence trends in women initiated on OAB medications. METHODS: We used advanced data-mining techniques to explore the largest regional provider’s medication purchase database, dispensing for over 400,000 patients, for all women initiating OAB pharmacotherapy between 2010 and 2020, and cross-referenced them with patient age, BMI, and smoking status. Medication persistence was measured in days for which the patient was issued a medication, and prescription non-refilling for 90 days was defined as non-persistence. We employed a Sankey diagram to map trends in OAB medication claims and treatment sequence. We further compared medication persistence using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and pairwise log-rank analysis. We studied the effects of age and smoking status on medication continuation using logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2020, 46,079 women made 791,681 unique acquisitions of OAB medications. Overall treatment persistence rates were 49% for 30 days, 34% for 90 days, and 9% for a year. The 1-year persistence rate was highest for Mirabegron (10%) and Oxybutynin (11%) compared with all other medications (4%) (p<0.005). Overall persistence rates were unchanged when stratifying by time of Mirabegron acceptance into insurance coverage (p>0.05). Patients persisting with treatment for over 90 days were 5 years older compared to their non-persisting counterparts (mean age 72.8±14.3 vs. 67.5±16.5 years, p<0.05). Non-smokers had an odds ratio of 1.1 [95% CI: 1.04-1.16] of persistence when compared to smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world OAB pharmacotherapy persistence rates are lower than previously reported. The added option of Mirabegron did not seem to improve these rates. Source of Funding: none © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e119 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Chen Shenhar More articles by this author Karin Lifshitz More articles by this author Igor Mintz More articles by this author Yariv Shtabholtz More articles by this author Ofer Yossepowitch More articles by this author Jack Baniel More articles by this author Shachar Aharony More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...