Sanitation Behavior Research Articles

In the cultural mirror: Influence of cultural factors on adoption of sanitation practices in rural areas

Provision of adequate sanitation is among the common approaches of preventing sanitation-related diseases. However, provision of sanitation facilities may not be a sustainable sanitation solution unless the population’s behavior changes and a positive perception is embraced. This paper examined the influence of cultural factors on adoption of sanitation practices in rural areas. The article was based on field research that employed convergent research design where both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered simultaneously. Quantitative data was gathered using structured questionnaires from 100 household heads selected using stratified and proportionate simple random sampling techniques. Qualitative data was collected using an interview guide from a purposively selected focus group consisting of 9 participants. The findings were organized into themes and presented in narratives. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 which generated descriptive and inferential statistics to unveil the relationship between variables. From the findings, adoption of unimproved toilets was the main form of sanitation practices covering a mean of 3.3094. A unit increase in gender roles led to a 0.147 increase in adoption of sanitation practices (p-value=0.000) and a unit increase in traditions led to a 0.032 decrease in adoption of sanitation practices (p-value=0.014) in the area. Some denominations associated diarrhea with demons other than poor sanitation which was seen to facilitate poor sanitation practices. Residents believed that faeces left in the open could be used for witchcraft purposes, a tradition which had a positive impact on eradicating open defecation. Gender roles like fetching water, collecting firewood and livestock rearing in lonely places facilitated open defecation. The study recommended women inclusion in household sanitation matters and incorporation of religious leaders as advocates of sanitation behavior change. The study also recommended the need for future studies to examine adoption of sanitation practices alongside environmental, demographic and economic factors.

Pemicuan Community Led Total Sanitation di Jorong Ronah Bengkek Kecamatan Kapur IX Kabupaten 50 Kota

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is an approach to changing hygiene and sanitation behaviour through community empowerment with a triggering method that aims to change the behaviour of people who defecate anywhere. Environmental-based diseases, primarily related to water-borne diseases, still dominate the prevalence of diseases in Indonesia. Changing hygiene and sanitation behaviour through community empowerment is needed to improve the health status of the community as high as possible. Community service activities were conducted through interviews, triggering activities and community observations. The flow of triggering activities were introductions, conveying intentions and objectives, atmosphere building, identification of local languages, simple mapping, counting faeces, transect walk, water contamination paths, discussions, social contracts, and free defecation commitment. Participants who previously did not have latrine facilities became aware of and committed to constructing latrines independently. The village where this activity has been carried out will soon become an open defecation-free village. Become a promotor for monitoring and triggering activities for people to stop open defecation.

Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of typhoid fever in Africa: A review.

Typhoid fever, a classical disease of enteric origin caused by Salmonella species of bacteria, is among the most important diseases threatening public health in Africa. The African continent is a marker for both low resources within the healthcare system and poor disease control policy formulations in managing endemic infectious diseases. Since the colonial era, the Widal serological test has been used to confirm typhoid fever in Africa, however recent studies recommend blood culture, and when blood culture cannot be obtained, clinical findings, laboratory Widal test confirmation, and ruling out other febrile illnesses as confirmatory pathway to diagnose typhoid fever in Africa. Managing typhoid fever relies on antimicrobials. In 1980s chloramphenicol was the medication of choice. Years later, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole were adopted. However, the instantaneous rise of resistant strains of Salmonella enterica confers an important challenge to treat the burdensome enteric fever. The current treatment algorithm of typhoid fever in Africa relies significantly on the use of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and cephalosporins. Developed nations have successfully addressed and controlled typhoid fever via improvement in accessing safe water and food, better sanitary and hygienic behaviours, and vaccines development. Nevertheless, there is significant evidence to infer improvement in the diagnosis management of typhoid fever over the last few decades, and efforts are underway to control the disease spread in Africa. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest developments in typhoid fever diagnosis and management in Africa and provide key recommendations for a coordinated approach to mitigate typhoid in the continent.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Hygiene Among Parents: A Post COVID-19 Pandemic Survey

Hand hygiene is one of the effective measures to prevent infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease and COVID-19. Parents involvement as the child's first educator in establishing the child's sanitary behavior are crucial in nurturing good hand hygiene habit. This study aimed to assess parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practice on hand hygiene in relation to childcare during the endemic phase of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involved parents of pre-school children from the Sepang district of Selangor, Malaysia. The parents were given a set of pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires about their knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hand hygiene, hand hygiene practice while caring for children, and diseases caused by inadequate hand hygiene. A total of 179 parents, mostly (62%) were mothers with mean age of 37.55 (SD 21.2) involved in this study. The parents had good knowledge (99.4%), good attitude (92.7%) and good (100%) hand hygiene practice. Good attitude was significantly associated with good practice. Good knowledge, attitude, and practice on hand hygiene among parents might be due to repetitive information about the importance of hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts should be made to ensure teachers, children and parents are continuously being educated and reminded about hand hygiene not only during COVID-19.

Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among fishermen in Busega district, Tanzania.

Schistosoma (S.) mansoni infection is endemic in all regions around Lake Victoria and affects all age groups to different degrees. In most endemic areas, less attention has been paid to determining the prevalence of infection, sanitation status, and knowledge about intestinal schistosomiasis (KIS) in fishermen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and associated factors among fishermen in the Busega district. A cross-sectional study was conducted among fishermen in July, 2020 in five fishing villages in the Busega district located along Lake Victoria. A total of 352 fishermen were interviewed with regard to their sanitation status and level of KIS. A single stool sample from fishermen was examined for S.mansoni eggs by using the Formalin-Ether Concentration technique. The potential factors associated with S. mansoni infection were explored using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was high (65.0%) among fishermen and varied with age, whereby fishermen aged ≤36 years had the highest prevalence. Fishermen had a low level of KIS and the majority of them reported practicing open defecation during fishing (81%). These fishermen with a low level of KIS and who reported defecating in open areas during fishing had 2.8 times (95% CI: 1.0-7.2) and 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.1-3.9) higher odds of being infected with S. mansoni than those with a high level of KIS and those who did not report defecating in open areas during fishing, respectively. S. mansoni infection was high among fishermen in the Busega district. Furthermore, fishermen had a low level of KIS and were reported to have defecated in open areas during fishing. Infection with S. mansoni was associated with age, a low level of KIS and open defecation behaviour during fishing. Therefore, mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel, health education, and sanitation behaviour change interventions were needed.

Indeks Risiko Sanitasi Desa Wanasari, Kecamatan Tabanan, Kabupaten Tabanan

Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) is a study to understand the condition of sanitation facilities and behaviors that pose a risk to public health. Wanasari Village is one of the tourist destinations that can have a very complex impact, especially on aspects of environmental health. The purpose of this study was to obtain representative data on the sanitation facilities condition and community behavior in Wanasari Village which are at risk for environmental health. This study uses a stratified random sampling technique with the sample in Wanasari Village as a target study area. The households visited in each Banjar were randomly selected and then interviewed according to the available questionnaires and continued to the next sample until 100 respondents were found for 5 Banjars which were then analyzed. The condition of the facilities and the behavior of the community based on the results of the questionnaire stated that the inadequate facilities were facilities for domestic wastewater and problems with stagnant water. Results of the sanitation analysis risk index with high risk are found in Banjar Wanasari Baleran and moderate risk in Banjar Periyukti with the main problems in domestic wastewater and stagnant water. Banjar Abianlalang, Banjar Wanasari Belodan, and Banjar Wanasari Tengah with the main problems in solid waste, domestic wastewater, and stagnant water are included in the category of less risky areas.

Egg Rejection and Nest Sanitation in an Island Population of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica): Probability, Response Latency, and Sex Effects.

Bird nests function as vessels for eggs and nestlings, and an environment for rearing offspring. However, foreign objects falling into bird nests and nestling eggshells may be harmful. Moreover, the smell of fecal sacs increases the risk of detection by predators. Many bird species have evolved nest sanitation to prevent damage to their nests. Furthermore, egg rejection evolved in some birds to thwart brood parasites that lay eggs in their nests. We studied 133 nests of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) in an island population through a nest content manipulation experiment to determine nest sanitation and egg rejection behaviors and their relationship. Swallows rejected non-egg foreign objects more frequently (100% vs. 58.6%) and sooner than parasite eggs, which supports the hypothesis that nest sanitation is a pre-adaptation to egg rejection. However, nest sanitation did not increase egg rejection, either in probability or latency. Furthermore, both sexes incubated the eggs, cleaned the nests, and removed parasite eggs, implying that both are confronted with natural selection related to nest sanitation and brood parasitism. However, females invested more time in these behaviors than males. This provides evidence for the evolutionary relationship of nest sanitation and egg rejection behaviors in barn swallows.

Knowledge and Practice of Pinworm Infection in Preschool Children, Jiangsu Province, China, 2019-2020.

We conducted a two-year (2019-2020) longitudinal study in Jiangsu Province, China to analyze risk factors of pinworm infection and evaluate the effect of behavior change communication-based (BCC-based) interventions in preschool children. The positive rate of pinworm infection was higher in private preschool (2%) than in public preschool (0.24%). Poor sanitation behaviors were risk factors among private preschool children. BCC-based intervention could improve knowledge and practice and reduce pinworm infection. This study may help fill in gaps in pinworm control. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(12):1716-1720. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307067).

COVID-19, public health messaging, and sanitation and hygiene practices in rural India

Abstract Despite the importance of safe sanitation and hygiene for sustainable development and public health, approximately half of India's rural population lacks access to safely managed sanitation. Policies prioritizing improved sanitation access have accelerated coverage, yet barriers to universal access and use remain. In this paper, we investigate how personal experience with a public health shock impacts recall of public health messages and households' sanitation and hygiene practices. Using a panel survey conducted before and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting lockdown, in Bihar, India, we compare public health messaging recall and hygiene and sanitation behaviors among households that experienced severe economic disruptions due to the COVID-19 lockdown and those that did not. We find that households that experienced economic disruptions had a higher recall of public health messaging around safe sanitation and hygiene. In addition, households that experienced these disruptions reported more social distancing, increased handwashing behavior, and reduced open defecation. A major public health shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, increased messaging around the importance of safe hygiene and sanitation for public health in India. We find that personal experience increased the salience of public health messaging, with positive returns to sanitation and hygiene practices.

Sanitation and hand washing behavior of urban slum dwellers in Vellore Corporation of Tamil Nadu, India

Objectives: This study examines the sanitation and hand-washing behavior of slum dwellers before coronavirus disease 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and during the COVID-19 period. The study also examines health-seeking behavior. Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to select the study area and household. Out of 49 registered slums in the Vellore municipality corporation, three slums were selected, which represent the highest number of slum households. The names of the urban slum settlement were Salavanpet, Old Town, and Makkan. After selecting the study areas, households were selected on snowball techniques through telephonic conversation with a structured interview schedule. The total samples were 75 households. The study period was from June 2021 to August 2021. Results: The study shows that Vellore has the 18th highest number of positive COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu. This study found that regular wage incomes in urban slum dwellers have been severely affected by COVID-19 lockdowns. The majority of households without a toilet in slums have used open defecation during COVID-19. Hand washing behaviors for people living in the urban slums have increased during the COVID-19 than the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that middle-aged (age 31–40 years) people’s habit of hand washing as a precautionary measure against coronavirus disease increased during COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19. Suggestion and Conclusion: The study suggests that improving hand-washing habits could aid in the prevention of the COVID-19 virus and other illnesses and suggests advancing hand washing habits after the pandemic as basic protective measures, which continues to remain essential in urban areas.

In the Cultural Mirror: Influence of cultural factors on adoption of sanitation practices in rural areas: A case of Nzaui Sub-County, Makueni County, Kenya.

Provision of adequate sanitation is among the common approaches of preventing sanitation-related diseases. However, provision of sanitation facilities may not be a sustainable sanitation solution unless the population’s behavior changes and a positive perception is embraced. This paper underlines the influence of cultural factors on adoption of sanitation practices in rural areas. The article is based on field research employing convergent mixed methods research designs where both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered simultaneously. Quantitative data was gathered using structured questionnaires from 100 household heads selected using stratified and proportionate simple random sampling techniques. Qualitative data was collected using interview guides from a purposively selected focus group consisting of 9 participants. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 which generated descriptive and inferential statistics to unveil the relationship between variables. Qualitative data was organized into themes and presented in narratives. From the findings, a unit increase in gender roles would lead to a 0.147 increase in adoption of sanitation practices (p-value=0.000) and a unit increase in traditions would lead to a 0.032 decrease in adoption of sanitation practices (p-value=0.014). From the qualitative findings, some religions associated diarrhea with demons other than poor sanitation which was seen to facilitate adoption of poor sanitation practices. Further, the qualitative findings revealed that faeces left in the open could be used for witchcraft purposes, a tradition which had a positive impact on eradicating open defecation. The study recommends women inclusion in household sanitation matters. The study revealed the need for incorporation of leaders as advocates of sanitation behaviour change. The study also recommends future studies to examine adoption of sanitation practices alongside environmental, demographic and economic factors.

Healthy Home Assesment Using Healthy Home Environmental Health Inspection Form

Home hygiene and sanitation are associated with health problems such as respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disease, infections, and mental health. A healthy home assessment needs to identify home variables that have met hygiene and sanitation requirements. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. Families of Diponegoro University Undergraduate Nutrition Study Program students became subjects in this study. The respondent chose a total sampling technique (121 respondents). The healthy house assessment uses the Healthy Home Environmental Health Inspection form, which includes three parts: I. House components, II. home sanitation, and III. Occupant behavior. The data were processed and analyzed descriptively. Instrument validity analysis uses the Spearman Rho correlation test, while the reliability analysis uses the Cronbach value. Most of the subject's houses were included in the healthy house category (88.9%) both from the aspect of the house components, house sanitation, and occupant behavior. The aspects which the achievement < 80% and needs improvement are ventilation, kitchen smoke holes, sewage, waterproof and closed waste disposal facilities, opening bedroom windows everyday behavior, and opening family room windows every day. Most of the aspects in this home environmental health inspection assessment form (sections 1, 2, and 3) have met the element of validity (p<0.05). The range of values for Cronbach's sections 1-3 is 0.584; 0.644; and 0.638. Most of the subject's houses belong to the category of healthy homes, but some aspects still need to be optimized. Further studies are needed to analyze factors related to healthy home assessment.

Efficacy of triple dose albendazole treatment for soil-transmitted helminth infections.

In Malaysia, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections still persist among indigenous communities. In the past, local studies have focused mostly on epidemiologic aspects of STH infections with a scarcity of information on the efficacy of deworming treatment. The present study consisted of 2 phases: a cross-sectional phase on current epidemiological status and risk factors of STH infections and a longitudinal study over 6 weeks on triple dose albendazole efficacy against STH infections. A total of 253 participants were recruited at baseline and a pre-tested questionnaire was administered to obtain information on socio-demographics, environmental and behavioural risk factors. Stool samples were evaluated using a modified Kato-Katz technique. Cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR) were assessed at 3 weeks following a 3-day course of 400mg albendazole treatment and infection status were observed again at 6 weeks. Baseline positivity of trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infections were 56.1%, 11.9% and 20.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed age below 18 years old (P = 0.004), without latrine in house (P = 0.042) and indiscriminate defecation (P = 0.032) were associated with STH infections. In the longitudinal study (N = 89), CR for trichuriasis was 64.6%, while CR of 100% was observed for both ascariasis and hookworm. ERR was above 90% for all three STH species. A rapid increased of Trichuris trichiura egg output was observed at 6 weeks. In conclusion, STH infections are highly prevalent among indigenous communities. Children and teenagers, poor sanitation and hygiene behaviour were determinants for STH infections. Triple dose albendazole is found to be efficacious against Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm infections but has moderate curative effect with high ERR against T. trichiura. Although triple dose albendazole regimen has logistic challenges and may not be a routine option, consideration of this treatment regime may still be necessary in selective communities to reduce high intensity of T. trichiura infection.

What influences individuals to invest in improved sanitation services and hygiene behaviours in a small town? A formative research study in Babati, Tanzania.

Sub-Sahara African countries face immense challenges in ensuring adequate sanitation and hygiene behaviours to the rapidly growing populations. Attempts to address these challenges require empirical evidence to inform policy and planning. We contribute toward that goal by unveiling findings of formative research conducted in Babati, a rapidly growing town in Tanzania. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 486 households, to unwind motives and barriers for individuals to invest in improved sanitation services and hygiene behaviour change. We used several methods including household survey, focus group discussions, behaviour observations and spot checks. The findings revealed that households derive their motivation to invest in improved sanitation and hygiene practices from comfort, raising social status, and the need for personal safety and privacy. Other motives include fear of penalties and fines and fear of disease outbreaks, whilst the barriers include, limited water availability and accessibility, environmental factors, property rights, cultural issues, financial constraints, and a person’s attitude. Quantitative data were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene practices. The logistic regression analyses revealed that sources of water, property rights, and education level were the main determinants of households to invest in sanitation and hygiene facilities, while household income was the main determinant for households to invest in both construction of handwashing facility and water treatment. We argue that the initiative to promote sanitation and hygiene behaviour change in small towns should focus on promoting motivation factors and abating the determinant factors identified in this study.

Implementasi Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) di Kecamatan Musuk Kabupaten Boyolali

The Community Led Total Sanitation Program (CLTS) is an approach to changing the character of hygiene and sanitation behavior through community empowerment through the triggering method. One of the areas in Boyolali Regency, Musuk District, is an area that implements the CLTS program where this program requires clean water to carry out the first, second and third pillar of the CLTS program. The Musuk District community also relies on livestock as one of the livelihoods, the fourth pillar and the fifth pillar trying to change the behavior of the Musuk District community in processing waste and liquid waste in the environment in which they live. This study aims to determine the implementation of the CLTS program in Musuk District using the theory of policy implementation according to Grindle which consists of: content of policy and context of policy. This type of research uses descriptive research methods with qualitative methods, data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that all parameters such as content of policy and context of policy had been implemented properly. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, parameters such as program implementers, namely monitoring and evaluation activities, also funding resources, were hampered.

Impact analysis from visual improvement program of slums to sanitation management: case study Kampung Cibunut, Bandung City, Indonesia

Visual improvement of slum settlements in urban areas is a new breakthrough to increase public awareness of sanitation management; a capital to foster community participation and ensure the sustainability of implemented sanitation program. This study identified the impact from visual improvement program of slums to the sanitation management intention and behavior of the Kampung Cibunut community using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The sampling technique used in this research is cluster random sampling. A sample size of 86 households was obtained using the Yamane formula with a confidence interval of 10%, a population of 369 households, and a cluster technique proportional to size. The research used correlational design with Likert scale questionnaire. Based on the correlation test of the Spearman method, it was found that the visual improvement has a significant correlation with the intention to treat domestic wastewater. However, the visual improvement has no significant correlation with the behavior of treating domestic wastewater, intention and behavior of paying the cost of domestic wastewater management.

Application of the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behavior (COM-B) Change Model to Formative Research for Child Nutrition in Western Kenya

ABSTRACTBackgroundInterventions aimed at improving dietary intake and feeding practices have alone proven insufficient for combatting stunting resulting from poor nutrition and repeated infections.ObjectivesTo support the development of an integrated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, social, and behavior change strategy aimed at reducing stunting, formative research was conducted in 2 program sites in western Kenya.MethodsTwenty-nine key informant interviews were conducted with community leaders, health workers, and project staff, and 24 focus group discussions with caregivers of children under 2 y on topics related to feeding, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors. Three frameworks informed the study design and analysis of our formative research: the Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations model for behavior change, which identifies what needs to change in order for behavior change interventions to be effective; the Grandmother Project's Change Through Culture Approach, which values the important role of influential household and community members in producing household health; and Starr and Fornoff's approach to Theory of Change development.ResultsCaregivers exhibited sufficient psychological capabilities (knowledge and skills) for many of the key maternal and infant nutrition behaviors. However, reflective motivation to perform optimal behaviors was undermined by limitations in physical and social opportunities, including limited time and competing priorities for mothers, limited accessibility and availability of diverse foods, low self-efficacy for exclusive breastfeeding, and fears of negative consequences related to specific foods and recommended practices.ConclusionsInterventions that aim to improve maternal and child diets should address the underlying social, cultural, and environmental determinants that contribute to motivations and opportunities to perform recommended practices.

Nest sanitation as an effective defence against brood parasitism.

Egg rejection is a crucial defence strategy against brood parasitism that requires the host to correctly recognise the foreign egg. Rejection behaviour has, thus, evolved in many hosts, facilitated by the visual differences between the parasitic and host eggs, and driving hosts to rely on colour and pattern cues. On the other hand, the need to recognise non-egg-shaped objects to carry out nest sanitation led birds to evolve the ability to discriminate and eject objects using mainly shape cues. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary significance of rejection behaviour in general and the cognitive processes underlying it. Here, we investigated the response of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) during pre-laying and laying stages to four objects types that differed in shape (eggs vs stars) and colour/pattern (mimetic vs non-mimetic) to investigate (1) what cognitive mechanisms are involved in object discrimination and (2) whether egg rejection is a direct defence against brood parasitism, or simply a product of nest sanitation. We found that swallows ejected stars more often than eggs in both stages, indicating that swallows possess a template for the shape of their eggs. Since the effect of colour/pattern on ejection decisions was minor, we suggest that barn swallows have not evolved a direct defence against brood parasitism but instead, egg ejection might be a product of their well-developed nest sanitation behaviour. Nonetheless, the fact that mimetic eggs were ejected especially in the pre-laying stage shows that nest sanitation could be an effective defence against poorly timed brood parasitism.

Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

Community Based Total Sanitation is a policy issued by the government to change hygiene and sanitation behavior through community empowerment to maintain cleanliness in public places such as mosques. However, several mosques in the Southeast Padangsidimpuan District have no bathroom facilities equipped with a septic tank. these risks can reduce the quality of life, buildings and the environment due to low access to services in the sanitation sector. From these problems, the authors want to know how the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia no. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1) concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation at the Mosque of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District, what are the factors that hinder the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1) concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation, and How is Fiqh Siyasah Review of the Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph (1). The type of research used in this research is field research, using qualitative descriptive analysis methods, namely describing phenomena or events that occur in the field. The data collection instruments used consisted of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study state that there are 3 stages of implementing the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2014 Article 4 Paragraph 1 concerning Community-Based Total Sanitation (Study at the Mosque of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District) namely the preparation stage, triggering stage and monitoring stage. The factors that support its implementation are caused by factors, education level factors, income factors and factors behavior, and if it is seen from the Siyasah Fiqh Review that the government regulations regarding standard sanitation for the manufacture of septic tanks can be seen from the side of Siyasah Duturiyah discussing government policies and regulations.

SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN PERILAKU KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD)

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease accompanied by hemorrhagic manifestations with a tendency to cause shock and can cause death, generally attacks children < 15 years, but it is possible to attack adults. In Rokan Hulu there was an increase in dengue cases for three years. the last year starting from 2017-2019. In 2017 there were 61 cases with an incidence rate of 15.95 per 100,000 population, in 2018 there were 77 cases with an incidence rate of 20.13 per 100,000 population, and in 2019 there were 79 cases with an incidence rate of 20.65 per 100,000 population.Objective: to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation and family behavior on the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Ujung Batu District, Rokan Hulu Regency.Methods: This type of research is quantitative and case control design. The population in this study were all households in the Ujung Batu Health Center, with a sample of 105 people, the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Using primary data, with instruments using observation sheets and questionnaires. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The type of water reservoir that does not meet the requirements has a risk of 7.183 times the incidence of DHF, the habit of sleeping in the morning and evening has a risk of 2.811 times to experience the incidence of DHF, and the cofounding variable is ventilation.Conclusion: The type of water reservoir that does not meet the requirements and the habit of sleeping in the morning and afternoon have a significant effect on the incidence of dengue fever (DHF).