Sanitary Quality Of Soybean Seeds Research Articles

Quality and chemical composition of soybean seeds with different lignin contents in the pod and seed coat subjected to weathering deterioration in pre-harvest

Abstract: Soybean seeds may show different responses to weathering deterioration depending on the intrinsic characteristics of the genetic material and the intensity and duration of the rainfall period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest weathering deterioration on the quality and chemical composition of soybean seeds with different lignin contents in the pod and seed coat. The percentage of weathering damage was evaluated by the tetrazolium test, X-ray test, lignin content in the pod and seed coat, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, seed health test, and oil, protein, and chlorophyll contents. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 7×3 factorial scheme, that is, seven cultivars and three rainfall volumes (0, 54, and 162 mm), simulated when 95% of the pods had a mature color. The physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds reduces with an increase in pre-harvest rainfall. Soybean seeds from cultivars with higher lignin contents in the pod present a higher tolerance to pre-harvest weathering deterioration and provide seeds of better physiological quality. Seed oil and protein content is reduced in some cultivars as rainfall increases. Plants with higher lignin contents in the pods produce seeds with a lower incidence of the fungus Cercospora kikuchii and lower chlorophyll content when associated with pre-harvest rainfall.

Sanitary quality of cooled and stored soybean seeds

Maintaining seed quality during storage is a fundamental premise for production efficiency. The aim was to evaluate the effect of cooling prior to packing seeds and of types of packaging on the occurrence of fungal species and the oscillations of fungal populations over the storage period of soybean seeds. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replications in a 2×3×5 factorial arrangement, consisting of cooling or no cooling of the seed mass before packing, three types of packaging, and five moments of evaluation during storage. Sanitary quality was evaluated by the method of incubation in filter paper without freezing. The seed mass cooled to 13°C prior to packing returned to ambient temperature in 15 days in a warehouse without controlled conditions. Cooling prior to packing does not affect the sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage, whereas the type of packaging does have an effect. The incidence of Phomopsis spp. and Fusarium spp. at the beginning of storage was lower mainly for seeds stored in the HDPE container. The occurrence of Cercospora kikuchii decreases over storage time. In all the packaging, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. increases as the storage period advances.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed quality treated with timbó (Magonia pubescens A.St.-Hil) seed coat

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timbó seed coat on the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. Timbó seeds were collected from mature fruits in the Cerrado. The external layer of the seed coat was removed and crushed in a mill and used in the treatment of soybean seeds. Three lots of soybean seeds were used, from high, medium and low vigor seeds. The treatments were: powder; gel; hydroalcoholic extract; synthetic fungicide (Vitavax® - Thiram 200 sc), and untreated seeds. The physiological quality of the soybean seeds was determined by standard germination, accelerated aging, length, fresh and dry mass of seedlings. Blotter test was used to determine the sanitary quality. The statistical analyze used was a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial design, considering three seed lots and five treatments. Treatment with the coat seed extract and gel improves the physiological quality of soybean seeds from low vigor lots. The treatment of seeds with gel decreases the incidence of Fusarium and Penicillium genus; and treatment with the powder reduced the incidence of the Cercospora genus.

DOES CHEMICAL DESICCATION AND HARVEST TIME AFFECT THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS?

ABSTRACT The use of desiccants may result in seeds with high physiological and sanitary quality due to the shorter period of exposure to field adverse conditions before the maturity stage for harvest. This study evaluated the effect of chemical desiccants and harvest times on the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial scheme (4 × 3) + 1, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to four desiccation (grammoxone-2 L ha-1, glufosinate-2 L ha-1, reglone-1.5 L ha-1, and saflufenacil-40 g ha-1) applied at the R7.1 phenological stage (physiological maturity and 65% moisture with three harvest times (0, 7, and 14 days after the R8 phenological stage) and additional treatment (control, application of water only, and harvest at the R8 stage), with four replications. The use of the grammoxone desiccant and seeds harvested at seven days after the R8 stage resulted in soybean seeds of the highest physiological quality, as observed for the variables germination, moisture damage, mechanical damage, and incidences of Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp. Fusarium sp., Cercospora kikuchii, and Alternaria sp. Seeds harvested at the R8 + 14 stage had the greatest losses in seed quality. The use of ammonium glufosinate and saflufenacil as desiccants is not recommended due to the reduction in the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

Sanitary quality of soybean seeds treated with fungicides and insecticides before and after storage

Abstract: Fungi are considered as the most important among pathogens due to the higher number of species and to the damage caused both in yield and in seed quality. Thus, aimed to verify the effect of fungicide and insecticide treatment on sanitary quality and physiological performance of soybean seeds before and after storage. Seeds from cultivars NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were used, which were analyzed separately by a completely randomized design in a 3 x 6 factorial design, being three chemical treatment applications: 1) treated and evaluated; 2) treated, stored and evaluated; 3) stored, treated and evaluated; and six mixtures of fungicides and insecticides: (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Carbendazim + Tiram), (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), Thiamethoxam + (Carbendazim + Tiram), Thiamethoxam + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) and the control, which was added only water. The healthy test, germination, cold and accelerated aging tests were evaluated. Seed treatment products require at least two months to be effective in controlling Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The mixtures containing Carbendazim + Tiram in its composition are efficient in the control of pathogens regardless of the application time of products.

Effect of the Storage Period and Fungicide Treatment on the Physiological and Sanitary Quality of Soybean Seeds

This study evaluated the effect of storage period on the physiological and health quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (4 x 2 x 2) with four periods of storage (0, 2, 4 and 6 months), two soybean cultivars (‘BRS Pintado’ and ‘MSOY 8866’) and treated and untreated seeds with the formulated mixture of active ingredients pyraclostrobine (25 g i.a L-1) + Methyl-Thiophanate (225 g i.a L-1) + fipronil (250 g i.a L-1) in a 0,1 L.ha-1 dosage of the commercial product. Concerning health, there was a reduction of Aspergillus spp., Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematium var. truncata and Fusarium spp fungus when periods of storage were increased independently if storage interactions occurred due to cultivar, treatment and/or all analyzed factors. cv. ‘BRS Pintado’ stood out by presenting lower results on the occurrence of fungi. The isolated cultivar factor presented a significant result concerning the physiological quality and c.v. ‘BRS Pintado’ showed better results in the variables: germination of seeds from the speed aging test, germination, shoot lenght from the speed emergence test, and both shoot dry matter and root dry matter of germination. There was an interaction for the speed emergence index variable between storage versus cultivar, in which cv. ‘BRS Pintado’ achieved better average results in all periods of storage. The storage factor alone was significant for shoot length of plants from the speed emergence index, the shoot plant dry matter from the emergency speed index, root dry matter of seedling germination and germination of seeds subjected to accelerated aging. The isolated treatment factor was significant in the germination variable and the untreated seeds showed better results in relation to the treated ones. However, the difference of these values would not be significant at the field. Treated seeds showed better results compared to untreated ones in most of the analyzed variables and their association with seeds storage did not affect the physiological quality evaluation during six months of evaluation, enabling the maintenance of the health quality of seeds.

Management of foliar application of fungicides to enhance physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds

Management of foliar application of fungicides to enhance physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds

Quality of soybean seeds in response to nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1

ABSTRACT Nitrogen fertilization may interfere in the quality of soybean seeds. This study aimed to determine the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds, in response to levels and times of nitrogen (N) application associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement [two soybean cultivars (BRS 1074 IPRO and ST 797 IPRO), three application times (sowing, 30 and 50 days after emergence) and four N levels (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1), with four replicates. The 1,000-seed mass, moisture content, germination rate, seedling height, shoot length, primary root length, total seedling dry matter, electrical conductivity, mechanical damage, vigor and viability (tetrazolium test) and sanitary quality of the seeds were measured. The use of mineral N, associated with the inoculation of B. japonicum bacteria, does not prove to be consistent, in terms of its effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, although the incidence of pathogens may be reduced.

Chemical Control of Asian Soybean Rust and Its Effect in the Yield and Quality of Soybean Seeds

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar fungicide commonly used to control Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was carried out during the 2012/13 field season, with six treatments and four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The following treatments were evaluated: T1 (no fungicide application); one application at R1 stage; two applications at R1 and R3 stages; three applications at R1, R3, and R5 stages; four applications at R1, R3, R5, and R6 stages and five applications at R1, R3, R5, R6 and R7 stages. Seeds yield, seed weight, viability and vigor assessments were used to measure the impact of foliar fungicide applications on soybean yield and seed quality. The results indicated that four fungicide applications provide higher grain yield, increased seed weight, and germination percentages within commercial standards. In contrast, the number of fungicide applications did not correlate with the sanitary quality of the seeds.

Physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds harvested at different periods and submitted to storage1

ABSTRACT Delayed harvesting may affect the physiological quality of soybean seeds, due to adverse conditions in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds (BRS 820 RR® cultivar) harvested at eight periods (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; and 35 days after the R8 phenological stage - full maturity) and stored for two periods (0 and 8 months). The following evaluations were carried out: moisture content, germination and emergence rate, emergence speed index, total plant dry mass, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, mechanical damage, vigor and viability (tetrazolium) and sanitary quality of the seeds. The delayed harvesting of soybean seeds from 10 days after R8 impairs seed vigor and germination, in addition to increase the incidence of pathogens. Regardless of the harvesting period, the soybean seeds stored for eight months showed a reduction in their physiological quality, with an increase in the incidence of Phomopsis spp.

Desempenho agronómico e qualidade sanitária de sementes de soja em resposta à adubação potássica

Potassium is the second most exported nutrient for soybean. Thus, their availability in the soil can influence both crop yield, the quality and chemical composition of soybean seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization on agronomic traits, oil content and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The trials took place in the agricultural year 2012/13 in two separate locations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design, with three replications, and treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 4 x 6, with four cultivars (TMG 127 RR, TMG 1179 RR, BRSMG 850GRR, NA7255 RR) and six doses potassium (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha-1). They evaluated the yield, plant height, first pod insertion, plants lodging, oil content and seed health. The increase in potassium levels altered the chemical composition of seeds and increased significantly oil content; however, there was no effect on the agronomic characteristics and grain yield. The contents of the seed pathogens increase as it decreases the potassium supply to the plants.

Physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds under different chemical treatments during storage

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the chemical treatment with fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer on physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds during storage. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 x 5 factorial scheme (cultivars x seeds treatment x storage period), in completely randomized design with four replicates. Three cultivars were used: NA 4823RG, BMX TurboRR and Fundacep 62RR. The treatments were: T1: no chemical treatment, T2: fungicide, insecticide and micronutrient; T3: fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient and polymer, T4: fungicide; T5: insecticide. After the chemical treatment, the seeds were stored under environmental conditions from May to December 2012, and seed quality was evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of storage. Seeds water content and physiological quality were determined through tests of germination, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry weight and sanity. The treatment with fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients and polymer did not affect seed quality over eight months of storage and promoted the control fungi associated with the seeds.

Physical and sanitary quality of soybean seeds produced in the state of Santa Catarina

A cultura da soja representa aproximadamente 43% da producao de graos no Brasil, produzindo-se acima de 81 milhoes de toneladas na safra 2012-2013. A utilizacao de sementes de alta qualidade e crucial para uma agricultura produtiva. Sabe-se que sementes com baixa qualidade comprometem a obtencao de um adequado estande de plantas, influindo diretamente na produtividade da lavoura, aumentando os custos de producao pela ressemeadura, ocasionando frequentemente a perda da epoca adequada e trazendo problemas que refletem diretamente na produtividade. A qualidade de sementes pode ser afetada pelo grau de umidade, danos mecânicos na colheita e no beneficiamento, danos termicos na secagem, condicoes ambientais de armazenamento e incidencia de insetos e fungos. O Estado de Santa Catarina possui condicoes climaticas favoraveis para a producao de sementes de soja e empresas que dispoem de tecnologia moderna para a producao de sementes. Portanto, objetivou-se no presente experimento, caracterizar a qualidade fisica e sanitaria das sementes de soja produzidas por empresas, em diferentes regioes do estado de Santa Catarina (Xanxere, Abelardo Luz, Campos Novos e Canoinhas). Avaliou-se a pureza fisica, o dano mecânico, o grau de umidade e a qualidade sanitaria de sementes em tres epocas (recepcao na UBS, apos o beneficiamento e antes da comercializacao). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a incidencia de danos mecânicos e a mistura varietal sao os principais problemas nos lotes de sementes de soja e que as sementes de soja produzidas no Estado de Santa Catarina apresentam contaminacao por patogenos, recomendando-se o tratamento de sementes.

Qualidade das sementes de soja produzidas sob manejo com biorregulador

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes, em resposta à aplicação do biorregulador Stimulate® na cultura da soja. Para tanto, sementes de soja da cultivar BRS 246 RR foram semeadas no mês de outubro dos anos agrícolas de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009, no delineamento experimental em blocos completos com os tratamentos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos, arranjados em esquema fatorial, foram compostos pela combinação do tratamento de sementes com o biorregulador (sem e com 0,500 L 100 kg-1 de sementes) e cinco doses do produto (0; 0,125; 0,250; 0,375 e 0,500 L ha-1) aplicadas via foliar, em dois estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura (V5 ou R3). O uso do biorregulador Stimulate® altera positivamente qualidade das sementes, sobretudo quando as aplicações foliares ocorrem no estádio V5.