Abstract
Abstract: Fungi are considered as the most important among pathogens due to the higher number of species and to the damage caused both in yield and in seed quality. Thus, aimed to verify the effect of fungicide and insecticide treatment on sanitary quality and physiological performance of soybean seeds before and after storage. Seeds from cultivars NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were used, which were analyzed separately by a completely randomized design in a 3 x 6 factorial design, being three chemical treatment applications: 1) treated and evaluated; 2) treated, stored and evaluated; 3) stored, treated and evaluated; and six mixtures of fungicides and insecticides: (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Carbendazim + Tiram), (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), Thiamethoxam + (Carbendazim + Tiram), Thiamethoxam + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) and the control, which was added only water. The healthy test, germination, cold and accelerated aging tests were evaluated. Seed treatment products require at least two months to be effective in controlling Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The mixtures containing Carbendazim + Tiram in its composition are efficient in the control of pathogens regardless of the application time of products.
Highlights
In order to achieve high soybean yields, it is necessary to use high quality seeds associated with management practices such as seed treatment. Scheeren et al (2010) found that the yield resulting from seed lots with high vigor may be 9%Journal of Seed Science, v.41, n.3, p.293-300, 2019 higher than with low vigor
In order to accomplish the treatment of seeds, the products were combined as follows with the respective dosages: T1 - (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) - (5 mL.Kg-1) + (Carbendazim + Tiram) - (2 mL.Kg-1); T2 - (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) (5 mL.Kg-1) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil - (1 mL.Kg-1); T3 - Thiamethoxam - (2,5 mL.Kg-1) + (Carbendazim + Tiram) - (2 mL.Kg-1), T4 - Thiamethoxam - (2,5 mL.Kg-1) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil) (1 mL.Kg-1), T5 - (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) - (2 mL.Kg-1) and the control (T6), which was added only water
Regardless of the product used for the treatment and of cultivars, seed germination was reduced in the treated and stored and the smallest seedlings were obtained when the seeds quality after storage were assessed. This reduction in germination of seeds is due to many circumstances such as the environmental conditions during the production of seeds, insect attack, lipid and water content in seeds, presence of mechanical damage arising from transport and processing, storage conditions, and especially, in the case of seed with high quality, of the fungi attack and chemicals used in seed treatment (Sales et al, 2011)
Summary
Journal of Seed Science, v.41, n.3, p.293-300, 2019 higher than with low vigor Such vigor is resulting from the sum of the processes performed throughout the production and postharvest. In the production of soybean seeds, the harvest does not coincide with the ideal time for the planting of the subsequent harvest, which requires a long storage period of the seeds until sowing. Their quality should be maintained until the ideal moment to take them to the field (Galli et al, 2007). Ideal storage conditions may favor the survival of several storage pathogens, including fungi from the genus Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp
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