Sanitary Bureau Research Articles

明治10年代,内務省衛生局による建築法制の推進について : 一連の長屋・家屋建築規則の成立要因

From 1877 to 1886, the central government was promoting the building codes being enacted. In this treatise, I report the process of that trial and examine the relation between the trial and each local building codes, enacted on and after 1886. I, as a result, clarified following five points. 1) The central government mentioned here is the Sanitary Bureau of the Department of the Interior. 2) In 1882, the Sanitary Bureau branched out its work and set about a countermeasure to sanitation of the city. 3) Still more, in 1882, the Sanitary Bureau commanded each prefecture to keep the land sanitary. 4) In the case of the eight main cities, the main factor in enacting the local building codes is based on 2) and other cities, 3). 5) I am convinced that Sensai Nagayo and Shimpei Gotoh chiefly promoted enacting these building codes.

Face to Face – Water in Latin America

Kurt Keeley, director of AWWA information services, interviewed Carlyle Guerra de Macedo in Washington, D.C., June 20, 1985. Carlyle Guerra de Macedo is director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination Program of the World Health Organization (Pan American Health Organization, PAHO)

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has two components: (1) The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB), founded in 1902, serves as the health agency affiliated with the Organization of the American States (OAS); in 1947, the PASB became the Regional office of the World Health Organization for the Americas. (2) The Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination office.In October 1976, the Directing Council of PAHO, “anxious that the international assistance given to countries affected by natural disasters should be better coordinated, rational, and more effective”, requested that the Director set up a “disaster unit with instructions to define the policy of the Organization, to formulate a plan of action for the various types of disasters, to make an inventory of the human and other resources available, to train the necessary personnel, to prepare and disseminate the appropriate guidelines and manuals, and to promote operational research.” In March 1977, a permanent office for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination was established at PAHO Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

Smallpox Eradication

OF ALL communicable diseases limited to man, few have the attainable prospect of complete and permanent eradication. Of those few, smallpox has provoked the greatest interest. In 1801, Jenner¹entertained the prospect of eradication soon after demonstrating the efficacy of vaccination in protecting the susceptible individual. Despite the early and continuing interest in this possibility and the control or even successful eradication in some individual countries, the first systematic international program was proposed in 1949 by Soper,²then director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Failure of the individual country efforts and increasing incidence of disease in the Americas facilitated the adoption and implementation of a resolution to approve such a program. Budgetary provision was made in 1950 by the 13th Pan American Sanitary Conference.^3,4 The lessons learned in this and in the subsequent global program are important in understanding the success in the imminent total global eradication

Food and Drug Control in Latin America

Journal Article Food and Drug Control in Latin America Get access Morris L Yakowitz Morris L Yakowitz Pan American Sanitary Bureau, World Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 20037 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 54, Issue 4, 1 July 1971, Pages 832–835, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/54.4.832 Published: 10 February 2020

Otterbein's Reply to Goode

American AnthropologistVolume 68, Issue 2 p. 493-497 Free Access OTTERBEIN'S REPLY TO GOODE Keith F. Otterbein, Keith F. Otterbein State University of New York al BuffaloSearch for more papers by this author Keith F. Otterbein, Keith F. Otterbein State University of New York al BuffaloSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1966 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1966.68.2.02a00180Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES CITED Adams, Richard N. 1957 Cultural surveys of Panama—Nicaragua—Guatemala—El Salvador—Honduras. Washington, D. C: Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Goode, William J. 1961 Illegitimacy, anomie, and cultural penetration. American Sociological Review 26: 910– 925. Otterbein, Keith F. 1964 Review of West Indian family structure by M. G. Smith. Caribbean Studies 4: 74– 76. Otterbein, Keith F. 1965 Caribbean family organization: a comparative analysis. American Anthropologist 67: 66– 79. Citing Literature Volume68, Issue2April 1966Pages 493-497 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The 1964 status of Aedes aegypti eradication and yellow fever in the Americas.

Seventeen years ago (1947) the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) entrusted the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB) with the promotion and coordination of Aedes aegypti eradication in the Western Hemisphere. The progress made and the problems now being faced have been outlined in two reports this year: 1. The Eradication of Aedes aegypti in Latin America. J. A. Kerr. Presented at annual meeting of the American Mosquito Control Association, Chicago, 1964 (March); and, 2. The Status of Aedes aegytpi Eradication in the Americas. PAHO/WHO-CD 15/20, July 9, 1964. (Proceedings XV Meeting, Directing Council of PAHO, Mexico City, August–September 1964.) I have drawn freely on these documents in preparation of this paper; those directly interested in aegypti eradication should consult the originals. It is important that public health officers responsible for the prevention of yellow fever and those responsible for the prevention of other communicable diseases know the sequence of events leading to the present situation.

Notes and Comment

This article discusses the September 1960 Seminar on Water Rates, sponsored by the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, the Regional Office of the World Health Organization, the government of Uruguay, and the International Cooperation Administration. The seminar was one of a series of activities being sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization for the stimulation and promotion of water supplies throughout the Central and South American countries. One of the major problems confronting most of the governments is the financial difficulty of constructing new systems and expanding existing ones. Much of the solution to this problem rests in better management and administration of existing water systems. The recommendations of the engineers at the seminar recognized the importance of sound planning, administration, and development of good water rate structures as a basic starting point for the eventual development of funds that can be channeled into water supply construction.

Live Poliovirus Vaccines

A five-day conference dealing with the status of live poliovirus vaccines was held under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in June, 1959. Although the conference was organized because of pressures on the sponsoring agencies to provide advice on the use of live polio vaccines, the objective of the meeting was not to make recommendations but to marshal pertinent data and to elicit differences of opinion in order to define areas requiring further investigation. The participation of the proponents of the three different sets of live virus strains, of individuals responsible for field trials that already have involved administration of oral vaccine to some millions of people, and of a distinguished group of virologists, epidemiologists, and public health administrators provides an interesting 692-page conference record that summarizes the knowledge of live poliovirus vaccines as of mid-year 1959.

Quadriennial Report of the Director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1954–1957, and the 1957 Annual Report

Quadriennial Report of the Director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1954–1957, and the 1957 Annual Report

GRULEE AWARD FOR 1958

THE RECIPIENT of the Clifford G. Grulee Award for 1958 is a most unusual person. He has served many disciplines in the child health field, all with distinction, and he has also found time to give invaluable services to the American Academy of Pediatrics in furthering its objectives. Myron E. Wegman was born in Brooklyn about fifty years ago. After graduating from the College of the City of New York, he received an M.D. degree from Yale University in 1928. Dr. Wegman served as an interne, assistant resident, resident and instructor in Pediatrics at the New Haven Hospital and Yale University. In 1937 he returned to school and in 1938 received a Master of Public Health degree from Johns Hopkins University. After a short period as pediatric consultant to the Maryland State Health Department, Dr. Wegman became Assistant Professor of Child Hygiene at the School of Tropical Medicine at San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he served until 1942. From 1942 until 1946 Dr. Wegman served as Director of School Health for New York City and as an instructor in pediatrics and public health at Columbia University and Cornell University. In 1946 Myron Wegman was appointed Professor of Pediatrics and Head of the Department at Louisiana State University and Pediatrician-in-Chief to Charity Hospital, New Orleans, where he served until 1952. From 1952 to 1957 he held the position of Chief of the Division of Education and Training in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and in 1957 became Secretary-General of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the Regional Office of the World Health Organization. Dr. Wegman has served on many committees and commissions in all parts of the world and is recognized as a world authority on child health matters. In addition to his position as a Contributing Editor to Pediatrics, Dr. Wegman has found time to serve as Chairman of the Academy's Committee on Latin American Affairs and consultant to the newly organized District IX Committee.

BUCKWHEAT AS A SUPPLEMENT TO ALL‐VEGETABLE PROTEIN DIETS

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 23, Issue 4 p. 407-410 BUCKWHEAT AS A SUPPLEMENT TO ALL-VEGETABLE PROTEIN DIETS M. K. WYLD, M. K. WYLD Servicio Cooperative Interamericano de Agricultura (SCIDA), Guatemala, C. A.Search for more papers by this authorROBERT L. SQUIBB, ROBERT L. SQUIBB Consultant in Animal Nutrition, Instituto de Nutritión de Centro América y Panamá, (INCAP), Guatemala. Present address, Poultry Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Search for more papers by this authorNEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW, NEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW Director, Instituto de Nutritión de Centro América y Panamá. A cooperative Institute for the study of human nutrition, supported by the Governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama and administered by the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization. INCAP Publication I-96.Search for more papers by this author M. K. WYLD, M. K. WYLD Servicio Cooperative Interamericano de Agricultura (SCIDA), Guatemala, C. A.Search for more papers by this authorROBERT L. SQUIBB, ROBERT L. SQUIBB Consultant in Animal Nutrition, Instituto de Nutritión de Centro América y Panamá, (INCAP), Guatemala. Present address, Poultry Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Search for more papers by this authorNEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW, NEVIN S. SCRIMSHAW Director, Instituto de Nutritión de Centro América y Panamá. A cooperative Institute for the study of human nutrition, supported by the Governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama and administered by the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization. INCAP Publication I-96.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1958 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1958.tb17588.xCitations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume23, Issue4July 1958Pages 407-410 RelatedInformation

PEDIATRIC EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA

PEDIATRIC EDUCATION IN LATIN AMERICA

Some Problems of the Physicians on the Navajo Reservation

Since World War II there has been a great increase in the number of United States medical personnel working in the socalled "underdeveloped" areas of the world. This expansion in the delivery of scientific medicine is caused by a number of factors. Prominent among these are the great increase in military bases in foreign countries, where the doctors and nurses frequently treat native civilian personnel as well as U.S. troops, and to United States participation in international health programs such as the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau, International Cooperation Administration and other technical assistance programs.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS: STUDIES ON INFECTION DUE TO STRAIN 19 BRUCELLA ABORTUS

Article1 November 1957THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS: STUDIES ON INFECTION DUE TO STRAIN 19 BRUCELLA ABORTUSWESLEY W. SPINK, M.D., F.A.C.P.WESLEY W. SPINK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-47-5-861 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough the host-parasite relationship in many infectious diseases has been intensively studied in man, it is surprising how little is known about the fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for the resultant human illness. In conjunction with studies on the host-parasite factors in brucellosis, my associates and I have sought an answer to the question, What basic features contribute to the illness of a patient with this disease?The purpose of this report is to point out the significance of bacterial hypersensitivity in the genesis of the illness caused by brucella organisms. Such a thesis has been proposed by others, not...Bibliography1. Gilman HL: Undulant fever caused by Brucella abortus, strain 19, Cornell Vet. 34: 193, 1944. Google Scholar2. SpinkThompson WWH: Human brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus, strain 19, J. A. M. A. 153: 1162, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Bardenwerper HW: Human sickness caused by Brucella abortus, strain 19, J. A. M. A. 155: 970, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SaduskBrowneBorn JFASJL: Human brucellosis resulting from Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine, J. A. M. A. 164: 1325, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Spink WW: The nature of brucellosis, 1956, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, p. 185. Google Scholar6. Braude AI: Studies in the pathology and pathogenesis of experimental brucellosis. II. The formation of the hepatic granuloma and its evolution, J. Infect. Dis. 89: 87, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Arias J: Contribucion al conocimiento de la pathologia de la brucelosis, An. Fac. med., Lima 34: 429, 1951. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. Burnet E: Des reinoculations dans l'infection a M. melitensis, en particulier d'apres la maladie experimentale du cobaye, Arch. Inst. Pasteur de Tunis 14: 62, 1925. Google Scholar9. SpinkBraudeCastanedaGoytia WWAIMRRS: Aureomycin therapy in human brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis , J. A. M. A. 138: 1145, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. SpinkAnderson WWD: Experimental studies on the significance of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of brucellosis, J. Clin. Investigation 33: 540, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. Spink WW: The significance of endotoxin in brucellosis: experimental and clinical studies, Tr. A. Am. Physicians 67: 283, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar12. Abernathy R: Sensitivity of human subjects to Brucella endotoxin and its significance in the pathogenesis of brucellosis, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 48: 780, 1956. Google Scholar13. PiroskyMolinelli IEA: Estudios sobre alergia brucelosa. I. Empleo del complejo glucidolipido de brucella en la investigacion alergica del hombre, Revist. de Med. y Cienc. afines, Buenos Aires 6: 850, 1944. Google Scholar14. Hall WH: The bactericidal action of human blood against Brucella and its specific inhibition, in Third Inter-American Congress on Brucellosis, Washington, D. C., Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 1950, p. 87. Google Scholar15. AbernathySpink RSWW: Protection against Brucella with heterologous endotoxins, J. Clin. Investigation 35: 687, 1956. Google Scholar16. HalbergSpinkBittner FWWJJ: Protection by aldosterone and 11,17-oxycorticoids against effects of Brucella somatic antigen in adrenalectomized mice, Endocrinology 59: 380, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. AbernathyHalbergSpink RSFWW: Studies on the mechanism of chlorpromazine protection against Brucella endotoxin in mice, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 49: 708, 1957. MedlineGoogle Scholar18. SpinkHall WWWH: The influence of cortisone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone on brucellosis. II. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in acute and chronic human brucellosis, J. Clin. Investigation 31: 958, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota*Presented at the Thirty-eighth Annual Session of The American College of Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts, April 11, 1957.From the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Hospitals and Medical School.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Wesley W. Spink, M.D., Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 14, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVeterinary PharmaceuticalsNeedlestick Injuries in Agriculture Workers and Prevention ProgramsBrucellosisBrucellosisAdverse events in humans associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51BrucellosisBrucellosisBrucelosis y derrame pleural: Revisión de la literaturaBrucellosisAllergyBRUCELLOSIS AS A HUMAN HEALTH HAZARD IN AUSTRALIAKrankheiten durch BrucellenKrankheiten durch BrucellenHOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP IN BRUCELLOSISSection E. Diseases of dairy cattleADRENOCORTICAL STEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES*WESLEY W. SPINK, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 November 1957Volume 47, Issue 5Page: 861-874KeywordsAntigensBrucellaBrucellosisHospital medicineHypersensitivityInfectious diseases Issue Published: 1 November 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...

Isolation of Ilhéus virus from Sabethes chloropterus captured in Guatemala in 1956.

In 1956 Rodaniche reported the first isolation of Ilheus (Ilheus encephalitis) virus in Central America and reviewed the literature. The virus was recovered from a pool of mosquitoes of the genus Psorophora, including principally P. ferox but also P. lutzii and P. varipes. In the present publication a brief report will be made of the isolation of this virus from Sabethes chloropterus captured in Guatemala in 1956. This finding is of interest because it represents the first isolation in Guatemala and the first from this species of mosquito. The mosquitoes were captured by Drs. J. Boshell and G. Bevier of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in the Motagua valley of Guatemala during the 1956 outbreak of jungle yellow fever there, and forwarded to the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory where they were classified. The principle objective of the investigation was the isolation of yellow fever virus, and the recovery of the Ilheus virus was an incidental finding.

Isolation of yellow fever virus from Haemagogus mesodentatus, H. equinus and Sabethes chloropterus captured in Guatemala in 1956.

A wave of sylvan yellow fever has been progressing steadily northward in Central America in recent years. The first cases since 1905 were identified in Panama in the late fall of 1948 (Herrera et al., 1949). Since that time, outbreaks have appeared successively in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. Data concerning these outbreaks have been reviewed by Soper (1955). Near the beginning of the year 1956 the northward sweep reached Guatemala, and arrangements were made by the Pan American Sanitary Bureau with the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory to attempt virus isolations from mosquitoes captured in areas showing yellow fever activity. The staff of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory has been interested in the problem of the Central American vectors of the disease for a number of years. Trapido and Galindo (1955) and Galindo and Trapido (1956) have shown that the principal South American vectors, Haemagogus spegazzinii together with its subspecies falco, and Aedes leucocelaenus, are scarce or do not occur at all in certain areas of Central America where sylvan yellow fever outbreaks have appeared.

Diarrheal diseases of man: a historical review and global appraisal.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 66, Issue 1 p. 5-13 DIARRHEAL DISEASES OF MAN: A HISTORICAL REVIEW AND GLOBAL APPRAISAL Albert V. Hardy, Albert V. Hardy Florida State Board of Health, Jacksonville, Fla.Search for more papers by this author Albert V. Hardy, Albert V. Hardy Florida State Board of Health, Jacksonville, Fla.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1956 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb40096.xCitations: 2 Data presented here were assembled, in part, for use in the consideration of the “Control of Infant Diarrheas in the Light of Recent Scientific Progress” at the Fourteenth Conference of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in Santiago Chile in October 1954. Further statistical data were made available through Ruth Pueter, Chief, Statistical Section of the Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Americas. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume66, Issue1Epidemic and Endemic Diarrheal Diseases of the InfantAugust 1956Pages 5-13 RelatedInformation

World Health Day

April 7, 1956 has been designated World Health Day by the World Health Organization—WHO. Of particular interest to entomologists is the theme for the day, Destroy Disease-Carrying Insects. April 7 marks the 8th anniversary of the ratification of the Constitution of WHO with 85 nations around the world now belonging to this organization. WHO is one of the largest specialized agencies of the United Nations. The theme noted above focuses attention of WHO's goal of world wide eradication of malaria and on the relentless war against all insect-borne diseases. Most of the entomologists concerned in the task to Destroy Disease-Carrying Insects are members of this Society and we salute their progress. For additional information write the Office of Public Information, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of WHO, Washington, D. C.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

Survey of Pediatric Education in Latin America The Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, is planning to conduct a Survey of Pediatric Education in Latin America, beginning in July, 1955, similar to those which have been carried out in the U. S. A., Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. The Latin American survey, which will cover 21 countries and approximately 75 schools, will take place in summer and fall of 1955 and will be under the general direction of Dr. Myron E. Wegman, Chief of the Division of Education and Training of the Bureau, and formerly Professor of Pediatrics at Louisiana State University. Dr. James G. Hughes, Professor on of Pediatrics at the University of Tennessee, will act as special consultant for this program and will be visiting a large number of the schools.